Nosology

Nosology is the branch of medicine whose objective is to describe, explain, differentiate and classify the wide variety of existing diseases and pathological processes, understanding these as clinical-semiological entities, generally independent and identifiable. according to suitable criteria.

Concept

It implies a systematization of the entities by the knowledge we have of them, based on theoretical assumptions about the nature of the pathological processes.

Nosotaxia: deals with showing how diseases are classified and how they are systematically located, any disorder or disorder in health. Nosology is identified as the taxonomic science of diseases. It involves a coherent organization of pathological phenomena according to a more or less established context in which to frame them.

• Description: try to know the features
• Difference: identification
• Classification: relationships with other processes

History

Nosology arose in the 18th century with the classification of animal and plant species. The first "users" of nosology were dermatologists, but its current use only occurs in the 19th century.

Subdisciplines and fields

In a general way, Nosology is a field of medical knowledge, but it is also part of other health sciences.

Nosology involves several internal and interrelated areas, each with different competencies, namely: nosonomy, nosotaxia, nosography and nosognostics. schematically:

1. Nosonomia (concept of disease). Concept of life and being alive. Historical evolution of the concept of disease. Health and disease. Healthy individual and sick individual. Nomination of diseases, synonyms and prefixes and suffixes most used in Pathology.
2. Nosotaxia (classification of diseases).
3. Nos. (description of disease: etiology, pathogeny, nosobiotic, semiotic and patochromia).
   1. Etiology general (causes of the disease). Morbid cause concept. Classification of morbid causes.
   2. Patogenia or Nosogenia (genesis and disease development). Patogenic doctrines. The local and general living reaction. General adaptation syndrome. Pathology of adaptation.
   3. Nosobiotic (alterations with the disease). Morphological alterations. Functional alterations or disturbances. Functional insufficiency. Pain in Pathology.
   4. Semitic (symptomas and clinical signs). Symptom and clinical sign concept. Concept of syndrome and symptomatic picture. Semiotechnia and semiology.
   5. Patocronia or Nosocronia (evolution of disease). Start period. Clinical period: complications and metastases. Termination period: by healing (relapse and recurrence) or by death (agonia, death and metagony).
4. Nosognostics (qualification of disease). Clinical trials (diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic) and their sources, types and procedures.

The first field (nosology) constitutes a complete discourse on the disease that takes into account the semiology (the symptoms), the etiology (the origin of the disease), the pathogenesis (or pathogenesis: mechanism according to which an agent causes a disease).

The second field (nosography) defines, with the help of precise information, a classification that is often called into question because of the numerous discoveries that refer to a virus, a bacterium or a mental illness, for example.

A hospital is a hospital for the sick.

Classification

The international classifications that allow us to group the different diagnostic labels are:

• The Classification of Drug-therapeutic Referrals (CDF)
• International Primary Care Classification (CIAP-2)
• The International Classification of Diseases (IEC-10)
• The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)