Newfoundland and labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador (in English: Newfoundland and Labrador, in French: Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador listen)) is one of the ten provinces that, together with the three territories, make up the thirteen federal entities of Canada. Its capital is San Juan de Terranova. Located in the northeast of the country, it is made up of two distinct areas: Labrador —located on the homonymous peninsula, bordering the homonymous sea to the north and Quebec to the west and south— and Newfoundland —an island located in the extreme east, bordering the to the north and east with the Atlantic Ocean, and to the west with the Gulf of San Lorenzo. With 405,512 km² it is the fourth smallest entity —ahead of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island—, and with 1.2 inhab/km², the fourth least densely populated, ahead of Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut, the least densely populated.
When the then Dominion of Newfoundland joined the confederation in 1949, the province became known as Newfoundland, but since 1964, the government of the province has referred to itself as Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, and on December 6, 2001, an amendment to the Constitution of Canada was passed to change the name of the province to "Newfoundland and Labrador". The population of the province is estimated (as of April 2008) at &&&&&&&&&0508270.&&& &&0508,270 inhabitants. Newfoundland has its own dialects of English, French, Irish, and other languages. Labrador's English dialect shares much with that of Newfoundland. On the other hand, Labrador has its own dialects of Innu-aimun and Inuktitut.
Demographics
According to the 2001 Canadian Census, the largest ethnic group in Newfoundland and Labrador is English (39.4%), followed by Irish (19.7%), Scottish (6%), French (5, 5%), Spanish (2.09%) and First Nations of Canada (3.2%).
Population since 1951
| Year | Population | Percentage increase in five years | Percentage increase in 10 years | Population post by provinces |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1951 | 361 416 | n/a | n/a | 9 |
| 1956 | 415 074 | 14,8 | n/a | 9 |
| 1961 | 457 853 | 10.3 | 26.7 | 9 |
| 1966 | 493 396 | 7.8 | 18.9 | 9 |
| 1971 | 522 100 | 5.8 | 14.0 | 9 |
| 1976 | 557 720 | 6.8 | 13.0 | 9 |
| 1981 | 567 681 | 1,8 | 8.7 | 9 |
| 1986 | 568 350 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 9 |
| 1991 | 568 475 | 0.02 | 0.1 | 9 |
| 1996 | 551 790 | -2,9 | -2,9 | 9 |
| 2001 | 512 930 | - 7.0 | -9.8 | 9 |
| 2006* | 505 469 | -0.6 | -7.6 | 9 |
* Estimate prior to the 2006 census.
Source: Statistics Canada
Language
According to the 2006 census, it had a population of &&&&&&&&&0505469.&&&&&0505,469 inhabitants. For the 499,830 people who responded to the question concerning "the mother tongue", the most common languages were the following:
| Post | Language | No. of persons | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | English | 488 405 | 97.7 % |
| 2. | French | 1885 | 0.4 % |
| 3. | innu-aimun - naskapi | 1585 | 0.3 % |
| 4. | Chinese | 1080 | 0.2 % |
| 5. | Spanish | 963 | 0.1 % |
| 6. | German | 655 | 0.1 % |
| 7. | inuktitut | 595 | 0.1 % |
| 8. | Urdu | 550 | 0.1 % |
| 9. | Arabic | 540 | 0.1 % |
| 10. | Dutch | 300 | 0.1 % |
| 11. | Russian | 225 | ~ |
| 12. | Italian | 195 | ~ |
The figures shown above are the number of responses that marked a single language and with these data the percentage of responses has been found. There were also 435 responses marking English and another non-official language, 30 marking French and another non-official language, 295 marking English and French, 10 marking English, French and another non-official language, and &&&&&&&&&&014305.&&&&&014,305 people who did not respond to the question or who marked several unofficial languages.
Industry and economy
For many years, Newfoundland and Labrador had a depressed economy. Following the collapse of the cod fishery, the province experienced high unemployment rates and the population declined by around &&&&&&&&&;&060000.&&&&&060,000 people. However, the growing mining industry and recent offshore oil discoveries have boosted the economy.
GDP reached C$28.1 billion, up from C$25.0 billion in 2009. GDP per capita in 2008 was &&&&&&&&&&061763.&&&&&061,763 Canadian dollars, well above the national average. Services contribute more than 60% of GDP, especially financial services, health care and public administration. Other important industries are mining, oil exploitation and manufacturing.
Mining is focused on obtaining iron, nickel, copper, zinc, silver and gold. Oil extraction was 110 million barrels, which raised GDP by 15%. On the other hand, the fishing industry continues to be an important part of the provincial economy as it employs approximately &&&&&&&&&& 026000.&&&&&026,000 people and contributes more than C$440 million to GDP. The combined catch of fish such as cod, haddock, halibut, herring and mackerel was &&&&&&&&&0165000. &&&&&0165,000 tonnes in 2010, valued at approximately C$130 million. Shellfish, such as crabs, shrimp and clams, accounted for &&&&&&&&&0215000.&&&&&0215,000 tons, with a value of $316 million in the same year. The value of the products derived from the seal hunt was $55 million.
The forestry industry is important as it produces &&&&&&&&&0462000.&&&& &0462,000 tons of wood per year. The value of newsprint exports varies greatly from year to year, depending on the world market price.
Aquaculture is a new industry for the province, which in 2006 produced more than &&&&&&&&&&010000.&&&&&010,000 tons of Atlantic salmon, mussels and rainbow trout over $50 million. In Newfoundland it is limited to areas south of San Juan, near Deer Lake and in the Codroy Valley. Mainly potatoes, turnips, carrots and cabbage are grown for local consumption. Wild blueberries and blackberries are grown commercially and used in jams and wine. Livestock is reduced to poultry farming and milk production. Apart from shellfish processing, paper manufacturing and oil refining, the industry is complemented by small food industries, the production of beer and other beverages, and footwear. Tourism is also growing.