New Jersey

New Jersey (in English, New Jersey) is one of the fifty states that, along with Washington D.C., make up the United States of America. America. Its capital is Trenton and its most populous city, Newark. It is located in the east-northeast of the country, in the Mid-Atlantic region. It is bordered to the north by the state of New York, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southwest by Delaware Bay which separates it from Delaware, and to the west by the Delaware River which separates it from Pennsylvania. With 22,588 km² it is the fourth smallest state - ahead of Connecticut, Delaware and Rhode Island - and with 389 inhabitants / km², the most densely populated. He was the third admitted to the Union on December 18, 1787.

It is found primarily within the large metropolitan areas of New York and Philadelphia. New Jersey's economy depends primarily on its manufacturing and pharmaceutical industries and the provision of transportation services. It is one of the most industrialized states in the country. Products made in the state, as well as other products produced in neighboring states, are exported through ports along the Hudson and Delaware rivers. New Jersey is also one of the nation's leading producers of chemical agents. By 2017 it was the second richest state in the country in median household income.

Tourism is also one of the main sources of income in the state. The main tourist attractions are its numerous beaches located in relatively sparsely populated regions. In addition to this, due to its many gardens and parks, the state is nicknamed The Garden State (The Garden State).

Over a hundred battles and clashes between American militias and British troops were fought in New Jersey. The most famous of these occurred on December 26, 1776, when George Washington made his famous crossing of the Delaware River during the Battle of Trenton. After the independence of the United States, New Jersey was the third state to ratify the Constitution, on December 18, 1787.

History

Map of the River Delaware that forms the entire western border—with Pennsylvania and Delaware—of New Jersey

Pre-Columbian New Jersey

New Jersey was originally settled by Native Americans, and the Lenape were the dominant tribe at the time of the arrival of Europeans. The Lenape were loosely organized into groups that practiced small-scale agriculture (mainly based on growing corn), hunting, and gathering, settled mainly in the region around the Delaware River, the lower Hudson River, and western Long Island Sound. Society was divided into matrilineal clans that were based on common female ancestors. These clans were organized into three different phratries, identified by their sign: turtle, turkey, and wolf. Their first contact with Europeans was with the Dutch in the early 17th century, and their main relationship was through trade in skins.

Colonial Era

Map of the New Netherlands, 1685.

The Dutch were the first Europeans to claim the lands of New Jersey. The Dutch colony of New Netherlands consisted of parts of the present-day Mid-Atlantic states. Although European ownership of the land was not initially recognized by the Lenape, the Dutch West India Company required its colonists to purchase land to settle. The first to do so was Michiel Pauw who established a patronage named Pavonia along the north river that eventually became Bergen. Peter Minuit purchases the land along the Delaware River and establishes the colony of New Sweden. The entire region became a territory of England in 1664, when an English fleet under Colonel Richard Nicolls sailed into what is now New York Harbor and took control of Fort Amsterdam, annexing the entire province.

During the English Civil War the island of Jersey remained loyal to the Crown and gave the king asylum. It was from the royal square of Saint Helier that Charles II was first proclaimed king in 1649, after the execution of his father, Charles I. The lands of North America were divided by Charles II, who gave his brother, the Duke of York (later King James II), the region between New England and Maryland. James then granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River to two friends who had remained faithful during the Civil War: George Carteret and John Berkeley. The area was named the Province of New Jersey.

Since the state's inception, New Jersey has been characterized by ethnic and religious diversity. New England Congregationalists lived side by side with Scottish Presbyterians and Dutch Reformed migrants. While most residents live in cities with individual 100-acre (40 ha) parcels, a wealthy few owned vast estates. Unlike Plymouth, Jamestown, and other colonies, New Jersey was populated by a second wave of immigrants who came from other colonies rather than those who migrated directly from Europe. New Jersey remained agrarian and rural throughout the colonial period, with commercial agriculture developing only sporadically. Some municipalities such as Burlington on the Delaware River and Perth Amboy emerged as important ports for shipments to New York and Philadelphia. The colony's fertile lands and tolerant religious politics attracted more settlers, and the population increased to 120,000 in 1775.

George Washington sanding his troops at Princeton Battle (3 January 1777).

Unlike other colonies that were established by immigrants from Europe, New Jersey was populated by a secondary wave of settlement by communities already established in North America. On March 18, 1673, Berkeley sold half of his colony to Quakers in England, who settled as a Quaker colony in the Delaware Valley region. New Jersey was governed very briefly as two separate provinces, East and West Jersey between 1674 and 1702, sometimes as part of the Province of New York or the Dominion of New England. In 1702 the two provinces were reunited under a royal colony. Edward Hyde, Lord of Cornbury, became the colony's first governor. The Lord of Cornbury was an ineffective and corrupt ruler, taking bribes and speculating in land, so in 1708 he was recalled to England. New Jersey was then ruled by the governors of New York, but this angered the New Jersey settlers who accused the governors of favoritism to New York. Justice Lewis Morris conducted the case for an independent governor, and he was appointed governor by King George II in 1738.

News

Today the state of New Jersey is one of the wealthiest and most advanced in the US Its wealth is due to its proximity to the cities of New York and Philadelphia.

Its more than 8.8 million inhabitants are very diverse. It is a major destination for foreign immigrants to the United States. There is a large Hispanic population, and also many Chinese and Haitians. New Jersey is also home to one of the largest Italian communities in the country. It also has a reputation for being one of the most liberal and tolerant states in the nation. The state repealed the death penalty in December 2007.

Demographics

Density of New Jersey.

The state of New Jersey has a population of 8,791,894 (2010), representing an increase of 4.5% over the 2000 census population (8,414,350). New Jersey has an area of 19,047.4 km² and a population density of 461.6 inhab/km², making it the most densely populated state in the United States. It has an urban population of 8,324,126 inhabitants (94.7%) and a rural population of 467,768 inhabitants (5.3%). The racial distribution of the state is made up of:

• 68.6% white
• 13.7% African American or Black
• 0.3% Native American or Amerindians
• 8.3 per cent Asian
• 6.4% of other races
• 2.7% of two or more races.

In addition, 17.7% are Latino or Hispanic of any race.

In terms of language, of the inhabitants older than 5 years, 71.31% speak English, being the most spoken language in New Jersey, while 26% speak Spanish, 1.06% Italian, 1.06 % Portuguese and 0.96% Tagalog.

Religion

Cities

Newark, the largest city in New Jersey.

Localities in New Jersey are classified into 52 cities, 254 boroughs, 221 census-designated places, 15 towns, and 3 villages. The 10 largest localities in New Jersey as of the 2010 census are:

Jersey City Buildings (New Jersey) seen from Battery Park in New York.

Economy

Its agricultural products include vegetables and fruits (specifically eggplant and blueberries), shellfish, and dairy products. Its primary industrial products are: pharmaceuticals and chemicals, and tourism. The state is famous for its beautiful beaches, collectively called the Jersey Shore.

Government

La New Jersey State Housecrowned by a golden dome, it is in Trenton.

The city of Trenton was designated the state capital in 1792. The state is divided into 21 counties and has 13 representatives and 2 senators in the United States Congress. Its current governor is Phil Murphy.

The Legislative Branch is made up of two Chambers: a Senate and a General Assembly, with 40 and 80 members, respectively. Its headquarters are in the city of Trenton.

Regarding the Judicial Branch, there are 7 justices on the State Supreme Court who are currently: Faustino J. Fernandez-Vina, Anne M. Patterson, Jaynee LaVecchia, Barry T. Albin, Stuart Rabner, Lee Solomon, and Walter F. Timpone.

Counties

New Jersey County Map.

1. Atlantic
2. Bergen
3. Burlington
4. Camden
5. Cape May
6. Cumberland
7. Essex
8. Gloucester
9. Hudson.
10. Hunterdon
11. Mercer
12. Middlesex
13. Monmouth
14. Morris
15. Ocean
16. Passaic
17. Salem
18. Somerset
19. Sussex
20. Union
21. Warren.

Transportation

George Washington Bridge, opened in 1931.

New Jersey is the junction of several major highways and rail lines, most notably the North-and-East Corridor (Northeast Corridor). The "New Jersey Turnpike" one of the best known and most used expressways in the United States. Commonly referred to as "The Turnpike", it is also known for its numerous rest areas, individually named under prominent natural-born citizens of the state, as diverse as inventor Thomas Edison; the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, Alexander Hamilton; Presidents of the United States like Grover Cleveland and Woodrow Wilson; writers James Fenimore Cooper, Joyce Kilmer among others.

The "Garden State Parkway", or simply "The Parkway", carries much more state traffic and traverses the state from the town of Montvale (in northern New Jersey), to the southernmost tip at Cape May for a total of 172.4 miles. It is the main road that connects New York with Atlantic City.

Other expressways in New Jersey include the "Atlantic City Expressway", the "Palisades Interstate Parkway", the Interstate 76, Interstate 78, Interstate 80, Interstate 95 (called "the New Jersey Turnpike"), Interstate 195, Interstate 280, Interstate 287, and Interstate 295.

There is also, a state corporation (NJ Transit) that runs many buses and trains throughout the state. Newark Liberty International Airport is in the city of Newark and is one of the largest airports in the United States.

Sports

MetLife Stadium, East Rutherford, New York Jets Stadium and New York Giants.

In the major professional leagues, the only team identified with New Jersey are the New Jersey Devils, who compete in the National Hockey League and are based in Newark. However, several New York teams have used New Jersey stadiums for their home games: the New York Giants and New York Jets of the National Football League, located in East Rutherford, and the New York Red Bulls of the Major League Soccer, who play in Harrison. Previously, the New Jersey Nets of the National Basketball Association played in East Rutherford and Newark.

The three most prominent college teams in New Jersey are the Rutgers Scarlet Knights, Princeton Tigers, and Seton Hall Pirates.

Since 2008, several editions of the Barclays PGA Tour have been played in New Jersey. Likewise, Baltusrol has hosted seven editions of the United States Open.

Trenton Speedway was an oval that hosted AAA National Championship, USAC National Championship, CART, and NASCAR Grand National races in the 1940s to 1970s. In addition, the Meadowlands Grand Prix was a street race of the CART 1984 to 1991.

There is a project to hold the Formula 1 American Grand Prix on a street circuit in Port Imperial.

Twinnings

• Cuzco, Peru (1988)
• Medellin, Colombia (1991)
• Buenos Aires, Argentina (1999)
• Sucre, Bolivia (2010)