New Galicia
The Kingdom of Nueva Galicia was an administrative and territorial entity of the Crown of Castile, included within the Viceroyalty of New Spain, but independent of it in its government and administration. Its foundation was carried out under royal patronage in order to compensate for the growing power of the Hernán Cortés faction in central and southern Mesoamerica. Its territory was the current states of Jalisco, Nayarit, Aguascalientes and Zacatecas.
It had a territorial extension that varied enormously during its three centuries of existence, although its most stable conformation included the current Mexican states of Jalisco, Nayarit, Aguascalientes and Zacatecas. However, its capital was the seat of the Royal Audience of Guadalajara, whose jurisdiction reached the current US territories of Texas, New Mexico and California, as well as the Mexican territories of Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, Sinaloa, Coahuila, Sonora, Chihuahua, Baja California and Baja California Sur. Regarding ecclesiastical jurisdiction, all the previously mentioned territories were dependent on the bishopric of Guadalajara.
By 1786 the territories of the Spanish Crown, including the viceroyalty of New Spain, were broken down into municipalities, first forming the Province of Nueva Galicia and the Province of Colima, which joined to form the Municipality of Guadalajara and finally, the Province of Los Zacatecas that formed the Intendancy of Zacatecas.
History
Exploration of the area began in 1531 with the expedition of Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán. He gave the principal city founded in the area the name of Villa de Guadalajara, after his birthplace, and called it by the high-sounding name of "Conquista del Espíritu Santo de la Mayor España& #3. 4; to the territories explored and conquered by him. However, the Empress Isabel of Portugal, consort of Carlos V, who ruled in the absence of the Emperor, was not satisfied with the name that Nuño de Guzmán had given to the conquered territory, therefore, by Royal Decree given in Ocaña (Spain) on January 25, 1531, ordered the conquered territory to be named the "Kingdom of Nueva Galicia" and a city was founded with the name of "Santiago de Galicia de Compostela" (currently Tepic), although later this capital would be moved to the city of Guadalajara by order of Cristóbal de Oñate.
First territorial organization
- Province of New Galicia; Nayarit, Jalisco, Aguascalientes, Colima.
- Province of Los Zacatecas; Zacatecas.
Second territorial organization
- Intendencia de Guadalajara; Nayarit, Colima, Jalisco and Aguascalientes (which last 10 years passed to Zacatecas).
- Zacatecas Intendence; Zacatecas.
Capitals
First capital of the Kingdom of Nueva Galicia
Once Nuño de Guzmán received the Royal Decree, he proceeded to rename the "Villa del Espíritu Santo de la Mayor España", founded in Tepic, now with the name of Santiago de Compostela. Likewise, the territories conquered by Nuño de Guzmán were renamed the Kingdom of Nueva Galicia.
Second capital of the Kingdom of Nueva Galicia
Indigenous rebellions forced the conquerors to think about locating the capital of the Kingdom of Nueva Galicia in another place that is the current Compostela, Nayarit. At the same time, the historian Antonio Tello tells us:
And when he had come to the city of Tonalán, he had come to the town of Guadalajara in the place of Tlacotlán, where he remained, and had passed, he had enrolled, and had done this, he went to the city of Compostela, and having seen that city, coast and province, he had known that the Indians of the province of the Tecootics were not Then he illustried her and snuffed her very well, although as it will be said later, he was very ruthless with the coming of the first Audience. On July 25, 1540, the day of the Apostle Santiago, the city of "Santiago de Galicia de Compostela" was changed to its current location, during the colonial period the population was known as Compostela de Indias, it is currently known as Compostela and is part of the state of Naritya.
The expedition in search of the seven cities of silver
It was at that time that the expedition commanded by Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, then governor of the Royal Audience of Nueva Galicia, in substitution of the first governor of the Nuño de Guzmán province, left Santiago de Compostela, Tepic (being captain of this Governor, Gaspar Briceño) in search of the seven cities of Cíbola and Quivira, an old European legend, half tale of chivalry that spoke of The Seven Cities of Cíbola and Quivira, located somewhere unknown.
That expedition resulted in the discovery for Spain of the lands to the west of the United States.
Third and last capital of Nueva Galicia
On February 14, 1542, Emperor Charles V established an Audiencia de Cuatro Oidores in Compostela, beginning its functions on January 21, 1549. In July 1549, Compostela was the seat of the first Archbishopric of Nueva Galicia, by papal bull his Bishop received the title of Compostela. On May 10, 1560, the Court and the Bishopric were transferred from Compostela to Guadalajara, which became the third and last capital of the province of the Kingdom of Nueva Galicia.
Government
Governors Captains General (1531-1545)
- Nuño de Guzmán
- Cristóbal de Oñate
- Diego Pérez de la Torre
- Cristóbal de Oñate
- Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
- Cristóbal de Oñate
- Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
Mayors (1545 - 1549)
Governing Court (1548-1572)
Presidents Governors (1572-1708)
- Dr. Jerónimo de Orozco
- Governor ' s hearing
- Dr. Santiago de Vera
- Governor ' s hearing
- Lic. Juan de Villela
- Governor ' s hearing
- Dr. Alonso Pérez Merchán
- Governor ' s hearing
- Lic. Pedro de Otalora
- Governor ' s hearing
- Dr. Diego Núñez Morquecho
- Governor ' s hearing
- Dr. Juan de Canseco y Quñones
- Governor ' s hearing
- Dr. Pedro Fernández de Baeza
- Governor ' s hearing
- Dr. Antonio de Ulloa y Chávez
- Governor ' s hearing
- Dr. Antonio Álvarez de Castro
- Governor ' s hearing
- Lic. Francisco Calderón Romero
- Governor ' s hearing
- Lic. Juan Miguel de Agurto y Álava
- Governor ' s hearing
- Dr. Alonso de Ceballos Villagutierre
- Governor ' s hearing
- Lic. Antonio Vidal Abarca and Balda
- Governor ' s hearing