National Police Corps
The National Police Corps (CNP), also known as the National Police, is a Spanish armed institute of a civilian nature, dependent on the Ministry of the Interior, main responsible for police surveillance of all provincial capitals and urban centers that the Government determines. It is one of the two national security forces, together with the Civil Guard.
It is also in charge, through its numerous specialties, of criminal, judicial, and terrorist investigations, and matters related to public order and immigration. However, the capacity and power of the CNP varies according to the different autonomous communities of the country; the Ertzaintza in the Basque Country, the Mozos de Escuadra in Catalonia and the Foral Police in Navarra are the main security forces in these communities, so the role of the police in these regions is less. In the cases of Catalonia and the Basque Country, the National Police Force continues to develop the powers that have not been ceded to the Mozos de Escuadra or the Ertzaintza completely, such as the fight against terrorism, against organized crime and networks of illegal immigration. It also has full powers in terms of processing the DNI and residence permits for foreign citizens.
History
Background
Origin
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On January 13, 1824, King Ferdinand VII promulgated the royal decree creating the General Superintendence of Police. The royal decree dedicated a special section to Madrid, a city that was endowed with a structure of District Police Stations —of "barracks", it was said at the time— that, with natural evolutions, has been maintained to this day. In that same year, the Police Regulations of both Madrid and the provinces were issued, placing the latter under the orders of Intendants who reported to the Intendant General and dividing each province into Sub-delegations located in the localities or in important districts —126 then—, which constitute the antecedent of the current structure in Provincial and Local Police Stations.
It is noteworthy that the decree of 1824 configured the double function that the modern police have today. On the one hand, to ensure the free exercise of citizen rights by prosecuting those who violate them and placing them in the hands of Justice "within eight days, at the latest", as cited in Article XVI. On the other hand, the provision of the public security service "guaranteeing public good and security" is a message in which it finds an echo in the modern desire of the Public Administration to provide a service that ensures the well-being and quality of life of citizens.
However, as Juan Luis Simal has warned, the appearance of the General Police Superintendency "was closely linked to the repression and control of the liberals, a general trend in Restoration Europe". in the decree of creation it had the commitment to "repress the spirit of sedition".
19th century
After the death of Ferdinand VII, a royal decree dated September 28, 1833 reorganized the police and established an armed urban police force. It was, however, a government instruction by Javier de Burgos —signed on November 30, 1833— that laid the foundations for what was to be the police in Spain in the XIX. In it, it was established that the functions of the police would be "the surveillance and security of people and goods, subjecting their action in this regard to property and with differences, attention and gifts towards the people with whom they have to deal, banishing abuses, and basing their action on the legal precepts".
Over the next few years, however, the first police forces underwent numerous organic transformations. A Royal Decree of 1840 dissolved the "Armed Police Force" (uniformed) for economic reasons, although in 1844 the "Protection and Security Corps" was created. This force depended directly on the Ministry of the Interior, and in the provinces it did so on the civil governors.
From 1852 the functions of the body were extended to the whole country. Also in that year, the Protection and Security Corps established a basic division in its organization: those policemen who were in plain clothes would constitute the "Surveillance Corps" while the uniformed policemen would constitute the "Security Corps." These police forces would act under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior.
Starting in 1870, during the Revolutionary Six-year period, the section of the police in charge of public security was standardized and militarized —it was renamed the Public Order Corps—, in accordance with the Public Order Law of 1870. Another important change It was that since 1863, forensic physicians, specialists in legal and forensic medicine who constituted a primitive scientific police, worked within the police.
The Surveillance Corps was civilian in nature and its members dressed in civilian clothes, while the Security Corps had a militarized organic structure —although it was not a military unit— and its members wore uniforms; This meant that the Security Corps depended on the Ministry of the Interior in terms of its police functions, although it also depended on the Ministry of War in relation to the organizational structure.
First third of the 20th century
The assassination of President José Canalejas in 1912 was a shock. The government became aware of the real situation, which led to a profound reorganization of the police and security forces. This included the creation of the new General Directorate of Security —whose first director was Ramón Méndez Alanís— and the creation of specific units to combat anarchist terrorism: the "Information Brigade" and the "Anarchism and Socialism Brigade".
In July 1936, after the start of the Spanish Civil War, the government police force was divided between forces loyal to the government and the rebel forces. In the rebellious zone, the military assumed the powers of public order, so the police had a less important role; this did not mean that they did not continue exercising their pre-war functions. The members of the Investigation and Surveillance Corps were mainly in favor of the military uprising, while the members of the Security and Assault Corps were more in line with the Republican government. During the war, the police forces in the insurgent zone underwent few organic changes. In the republican zone, the police organization was seriously altered with the revolutionary situation in that area, since the structures of the State had collapsed after the military uprising. On December 26, a "Security Corps" was set up in the Republican zone that unified the old Surveillance and Security forces into a single organization, although with two branches: the civilian or "countryside" one and the militarized or "uniformed" one. ». Something similar happened with the Civil Guard, which since August 1936 was dissolved and converted into the National Republican Guard.
Franco's dictatorship
After the end of the war and the establishment of the Franco regime, the state security agencies were reorganized. The law of September 23, 1939 reorganized the structure of the General Directorate of Security and created a new security body, the Armed Police, under the direction of General Antonio Sagardía. By the same law, the powers of the Road Wardens they passed to the Armed Police —which would later be renamed the Armed and Traffic Police Corps—, for which reason the Road Wardens Corps disappeared. On March 8, 1941, the "Law for the Reorganization of Traffic Services" Police", through which the police forces were reorganized, as an element of repression and maintenance of public order. The Security and Assault Corps was absorbed by the Armed Police, while the old Investigation and Surveillance Corps was converted into the new General Police Corps.
With the establishment of the Franco regime, regional police forces also disappeared, such as the Ertzaña and the Mozos de Escuadra. However, the regime did maintain the Miñones de Álava and the Navarra Highway Police Corps — territories where the military uprising had triumphed. Progressively, the regime tolerated the existence of other corps on a small scale. In 1945 he authorized the reintroduction of the Catalan Somatén, also extending its structure to the entire country. In 1950 a decree from the Ministry of the Interior authorized the Barcelona Provincial Council to organize a section of Mozos de Escuadra.
Transition
On December 4, 1978, the old Armed Police from the Franco era was restructured and renamed the National Police Corps. Organically, the new police body depended on the Ministry of the Interior, although it did so directly through the General Directorate of Security (DGS). The National Police was a body with a military structure and organization, not integrated into the Armed Forces, and which It was under the Ministry of the Interior. Its members were popularly known by the nickname maderos due to the color of their uniform, in contrast to the gray uniform used during the Franco era by the Armed Police.
Birth of the National Police Force
The National Police Corps, with its current structure and name, has its direct origin in the 1978 Constitution, where two basic missions are enshrined: to protect the free exercise of rights and freedoms and to guarantee Citizen Security.
From this Constitutional mandate, on March 13, 1986, the Organic Law of Security Forces and Corps was promulgated, (Organic Law 2/1986) that unified the National Police Corps and Superior Police Corps in the current National Police Corps. They were two bodies of a very different nature, since the superior body was dedicated to investigation, as opposed to the other body, which was basically a public order police force. Thus, the officials of the Higher Police Corps and the National Police were integrated into the National Police Corps, which were extinguished.
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With the entry into force of Organic Law 9/2015, of July 28, on the National Police Personnel Regime, the name National Police became official, coexisting with the original name and with the initials CNP from its entry into force.
Competencies
According to article 12 of Organic Law 2/1986, the CNP will be entrusted with the following exclusive functions throughout the national territory:
- The issuance of the National Identity Document and passports.
- The control of entry and exit of the national territory of Spanish and foreign.
- The legislation on aliens, refuge and asylum, extradition, expulsion, emigration and immigration. This should not be understood as that illegal immigration and trafficking in human beings enter into those administrative competencies, which can carry out any body at the national or autonomous level.
- Monitoring and inspection of compliance with gambling regulations. Administrative competence, without preventing other bodies from developing research on gambling and illegal gambling.
- Investigation and prosecution of drug-related crimes.
- Collaborate and provide assistance to police officers from other countries, in accordance with international treaties and agreements on laws, under the leadership of the Ministry of the Interior. Through Interpol and Europol. The jurisprudence of the Supreme Court (STS 31 March 1998 and STS 4 March 2010) has interpreted that this competence cannot be considered exclusive to the NCC.
- Control of private entities and services of security, surveillance and investigation, of their personnel, means and actions.
- Those who attribute to you the existing legislation.
And the following general functions, according to article 11 of the L.O 2/1986, in the provincial capitals and in other towns determined by the government:
- Ensuring compliance with the general laws and regulations, carrying out the orders they receive from the authorities, within their respective competences.
- Assistant and protect individuals and ensure the preservation and custody of assets at risk for any cause.
- Monitor and protect public buildings and facilities that require it.
- Ensure the protection and safety of high personalities.
- To maintain and restore, where appropriate, the order and security of citizens.
- Prevent the commission of criminal acts.
- Investigate the offences to discover and arrest the alleged perpetrators, ensure the instruments, effects and evidence of the crime, making them available to the competent judge or court, and produce the technical and expert reports.
- Capturing, receiving and analysing as many data have an interest in public order and security, and studying, planning and implementing crime prevention methods and techniques.
- Collaborate with civil protection services, in cases of serious risk, catastrophe and public calamity, as set out in civil protection legislation.
Regulatory legislation
- Spanish Constitution of 1978
- Organic Law 2/1986 of 13 March on Security Forces and Corps
- Organic Law 4/2010 of 20 May, of the Disciplinary Regime of the National Police Corps
- Organic Law 9/2015 of 28 July, of Personnel Regime of the National Police
- Royal Decree 734/2020 of 4 August, which develops the basic organizational structure of the Ministry of the Interior
- Royal Decree 2/2006, prevention of labour risks in the National Police Corps.
- ORDEN INT/28/2013, of 18 January, by which the organizational structure and functions of the Central and Peripheral Services of the Directorate General of the Police are developed.
Territorial organization
Central Structure
The structure of the Central Organization of the National Police Corps according to the latest restructuring of the Ministry of the Interior, operated through the R.D. 991/2006, of September 8; the DR 1571/2007, of November 30; the DR 1181/2008, of July 11; and Royal Decree 400/2012, of February 17, which develops the basic organic structure of the Ministry of the Interior, which continues the restructuring process initiated by Royal Decree 1823/2011, of December 21, which the ministerial departments are restructured and Royal Decree 1887/2011, of December 30, which establishes the basic organic structure of the ministerial departments, in which the General Directorates of the Police and the Civil Guard are created, suppressing the General Directorate of the Police and the Civil Guard. Currently the structure of the DGP is regulated by ORDER INT/28/2013, of January 18, modified by ORDER INT/2678/2015, where the organic structure and functions of the Central and Peripheral Services are developed. The General Directorate of Police is made up of:
- Adjunct Operative.
- Assistant General for Human Resources and Training.
- General Management of Logistics and Innovation.
- Assistant General of the Technical Cabinet.
Deputy Operations Directorate
It is in charge of collaborating with the general director in the direction, coordination and supervision of the suprateritorial and territorial operational units, as well as in the monitoring and control of the results of the operational programs and in the definition of human resources and materials applicable to such programs.
The bodies in charge of providing support and assistance to the DAO are;
- Central Operations Headquarters. They depend on the Special Police Stations (of the Royal House, the Presidency of the Government, Congress, the Senate, the Constitutional Court, the General Council of the Judiciary, the Supreme Court, the National Court, the Ombudsman, and the Court of Accounts), as well as the units attached to the communities autonomous.10
- Strategic Planning and Coordination Unit. Among other functions, it brings together all the coordination, reception, processing and analysis of intelligence information.11
- Internal Affairs Unit. Monitors and investigates criminal offenses and conduct contrary to professional ethics by CNP police officers.
- Special Operations Group (GEO). Elite unit prepared to intervene in situations that require special qualifications in their execution, particularly of a terrorist nature, and others that pose a serious risk to people's lives and property (release, hostage-taking, protection of people and property such as Embassies and Consulates of Spain abroad).
Likewise, the Deputy Operations Directorate is responsible, in accordance with the guidelines issued by the general director, for the direction, promotion and coordination of operational police functions, which at the central level will be carried out by the General Police Stations of Information, Judicial Police, Citizen Security, Foreigners and Borders and Scientific Police >, all of them at the organic sub-directorate level, together with the International Cooperation, Personnel, Economic and Technical, >Training and Improvement and Documentary.
General Police Stations
- General Information Police
- Collection, reception, treatment and development of information of interest for order and public safety.
- Operational use of information, specifically in anti-terrorism matters at the national and international level.
It is made up of, among others:
- Central Intelligence Unit.
- Central Internal Information Unit.
- Central Foreign Information Unit.
- Central Operational Support Unit.
- Central Explosives Disposal Unit. Formed by the TEDAX-CBRN (Nuclear, Radiological, Biological and Chemical). Its functions are to intervene and act in the presence and detection of alleged explosive and incendiary devices and all types of CBRN agents, as well as the collection, transport, analysis and investigation of the mechanisms, elements and remains of said devices and substances. and agents. The minimum team for action in the event of an incident with explosives is made up of two TEDAX police officers, known as the Explosives Disposal Team (EDE). These teams depend organically and functionally on their respective territorial police commands. The Agreements of the Council of Ministers of 11.28.1986 and 02.16.1996 grant the nature of Secret to the structure, organization, means and specific operating procedures of the Information Services, as well as their sources and how much information and data may reveal them.
- General Judicial Police Commissioner
It is responsible for the investigation and prosecution of supraterritorial infractions, especially crimes related to drugs, organized, economic, financial, technological crime and the control of games of chance, as well as collaboration with the Police of other countries. Likewise, it will be responsible for the management of the services in charge of the investigation of monetary crimes and those related to currency, as well as collaboration with the corresponding services of the Bank of Spain in these matters.
- Central Criminal Intelligence Unit (UCIC). In charge of the capture, reception, analysis related to criminal activity, coordinating criminal investigations to avoid duplicities among the research groups.
- Central Unit for Economic and Fiscal Crime (UDEF Central).In charge of research on economic and fiscal crime, including research on Money Laundering and Anti-Corruption. -
- Central Cybercrime Unit. It notes the investigation and prosecution of criminal activities involving the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and cybercrime at the national and transnational levels, related to heritage, consumption, child protection, child pornography, crimes against sexual freedom, honour and privacy, social networks, fraud, intellectual and industrial property and logical security. He will act as the E-Crime Prevention and Response Center of the National Police Corps. This Unit will depend on: The Technology Research Brigade (BIT), which is responsible for the investigation of criminal activities related to the protection of minors, privacy, intellectual and industrial property and telecommunications frauds and the Central Computer Security Brigade, which corresponds to the investigation of criminal activities affecting logical security and fraud.
- Drug and Organized Crime Unit (UDYCO Central). Responsible for the investigation of illicit drug trafficking and criminal patterns committed by organized crime. -
- Specialized and Violent Crime Unit (UDEV Central). Investigation of particularly serious crimes against persons (kidnappings, critical incidents, homicides, missing persons), property (extortions, robbery), with special significance of the artistic historical heritage, crimes relating to the copyright, and consumption and the environment, including criminal offences in the field of doping in sport and monitoring and inspection of gambling. -
- Central Family and Women Unit (UFAM). It has competence to investigate and prosecute crimes in the area of gender, domestic violence and all sexual offences, as well as to coordinate the protection of victims of gender-based violence.
- Commissariat General de Seguridad Ciudadana
- The organization and management of matters related to prevention, maintenance and, where appropriate, restoration of order and public safety. - Control of private security companies and personnel. - Surveillance of public shows, within the scope of the State. - The protection of high personalities, buildings and facilities that require it due to their interest.
The units that compose them are:
- Headquarters of the Police Intervention Units. It coordinates and controls all the Police Intervention Units (U.I.P.), with the specific mission of preventing, maintaining and restoring public order.
- Central Protection Unit. Its function is to organize, manage and execute, at a central level, the protection of high personalities, buildings and facilities of interest.
- Headquarters of the Special Units. Special Units are considered to be those of the Underground, Canine Guides and Cavalry.
- Central Private Security Unit. In charge of the inspection and control of companies and private security personnel.
- Central Unit for Citizen Participation. It channels relations with citizen groups to attend to their social demands in police matters.
- Commissariat General de Extranjería y Fronteras
Organizes and manages the services for the issuance of foreign cards, the control of entry and exit from the national territory of Spaniards and foreigners, the prevention, prosecution and investigation of illegal immigration networks, and in general, the police system for foreigners, asylum, emigration and immigration.
The units that compose them are:
- National Center for Immigration and Borders (CENIF). Channels and monitors Community and International Law on immigration matters. As well as collaboration with the European Border Agency (FRONTEX).
- Central Unit of Illegal Immigration Networks and Document Falsifications (UCRIF). Investigates crimes related to human trafficking and trafficking in human beings, as well as false documents related to this activity.
- Central Border Unit (UCF). Carry out border control of people.
- Central Unit for Expulsions and Repatriations (UCER). It has the direction, coordination, organization, control and execution of expulsions, returns and repatriations. As well as the control and coordination of the Centers for the Internment of Foreigners (CIE).
- General Police Station
Its functions are the provision of criminalistics, identification, analytical and technical investigation services, as well as the preparation of expert and documentary reports that are entrusted to it.
The units that compose them are:
- Central Identification Unit. Obtains fingerprints and biological samples of criminal acts, feeding national police databases (PERPOL, SAID, PDYRH)), and international (EURODAC)
- Central Criminalistics Unit. Its function is to study and carry out expert reports on document falsification, graphoscopy, ballistics, acoustics and computer expertise.
- Central Unit for Scientific Analysis. Manages the DNA, Chemistry and Toxicology laboratories.
- Central Unit for Scientific and Technological Research. Dedicated to the verification of quality standards and international relations in the field of Scientific Police.
- Central Operational Coordination Unit. Coordinates the Scientific Police units at the territorial level.
Divisions
International Cooperation Division
This Division is in charge of international coordination and cooperation, collaborates with the police of other countries, and supports police personnel serving abroad. It houses the INTERPOL National Central Office, the Europol National Unit and the SIRENE Office; The International Communications Center (CENCI) and the International Coordination Area (ICA)
Training and Improvement Division
Where are the training centers of the National Police:
- National Police School (ENP)
- Update and Specialization Center (CAE)
- Center for Advanced Police Studies (CAEP): And within this, the Institute for Police Studies (IEP)
In addition to the Area of Selective Processes.
Personnel Division
Documentation Division General Secretariat It is responsible for providing assistance and support to the Division, analyzes and plans its general lines of action and manages matters related to the regime of personnel and means assigned to it, it will also be in charge of organizing and managing the services related to citizen documentation Spaniards and foreigners. It is also responsible for the Division's own databases and will have access to the Central Registry of Foreigners for the processing of matters within its competence.
Its holder, as second Head of the Division, replaces the person in charge of it in cases of vacancy, absence and illness.
Documentary Processing and Archive Area It is responsible for the management of the documentary funds of the General Directorate of the Police, in accordance with the specifications established in Order INT/2528/2002, of October 2, the performance of activities related to the management of the antecedents of the persons of police interest, as well as judicial and police requisitions.
Economic and Technical Division
Peripheral Structure
It is made up of Higher Headquarters, Provincial Police Stations, Local Police Stations, Zonal Police Stations, District Police Stations, Police and Customs Cooperation Centers.
Superior Headquarters
The Higher Headquarters are bodies of command, management, coordination and inspection of the different services dependent on the General Directorate of the Police existing in the autonomous community as a territorial area of action. the closest thing to the Central Bodies of the Directorate General, but on a regional scale, having under its constituency, all the functions of the CNP of a certain zone or, as it is known in the "slang", Police Region, under the official dependency of the respective Delegate or Subdelegate of the Government. They are usually located in each capital of the Autonomous Community (although not always). There are a total of 20 Superior Headquarters, one per Autonomous Community (17), with the exception of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia, which has two, and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla. It is made up of different operational brigades:
- Citizen Security Brigade:
- Prevention and maintenance of Citizen Security (public order).
- Private security and shows.
- Protection of personalities and buildings.
- Custody and transfer of detainees.
- Brigade Judicial Police:
- Investigation and prosecution of crimes and offences.
- Exploitation of information.
- Help the Judicial and Prosecutorial Authorities
- Information Brigade:
Robot used by TEDAX presented at Homsec 2015.- Capturing and receiving information.
- Information management and development.
- Brigade of Aliens and Borders:
- Entrance/exit control of foreigners.
- Processing of Refugio and Asylum files.
- Monitoring of emigration and immigration.
- Scientific Police Brigade:
- Collection and treatment of signs.
- Reporting.
- Review of detainees.
Provincial Police Stations
In each province capital.
Local Police Stations
In large population centers. They are a total of 125.
Zoneal Police Stations
With territorial jurisdiction in the area comprised of several districts.
District Police Stations
In the Police districts that are determined due to the large volume of population. They are a total of 65.
Police and Customs Cooperation Centers
They are police installations of the Ministry of the Interior in border areas where members of the Civil Guard and the National Police share the premises with police from the country with which the said border is shared (France, Portugal and Morocco).
There are 5 with Portugal: Tuy-Valença do Minho, Vilar Formoso-Fuentes de Oñoro, Caya-Elvas, Vila Real de Santo Antonio-Ayamonte and Quintanilha-Alcañices. There are another 4 with France: Canfranc-Somport-Urdos, Le Perthus-La Junquera, Melles Pont du Roy-Lés and Hendaye-Irún). There is 1 with Morocco: Algeciras-Tangier, which is called the Center for Police Cooperation.
Units attached to autonomous communities
♪ Grease: CC. AA. without the United States. AA. (Adscribed Units) or without independent CNP police.
♪ Orange: CC. AA. with the United States. AA of the CNP.
♪ Brown: CC. AA. with an independent CNP police.
The CNP has 4 units attached to the Communities of: Valencia, Andalusia, Galicia, and Aragon. They are the following:
- Unit of the National Police Corps attached to the Autonomous Community of Valencia.
- Unit of the National Police Corps attached to the Autonomous Community of Andalusia.
- Unit of the National Police Corps attached to the Autonomous Community of Galicia.
- Unit of the National Police Corps attached to the Autonomous Community of Aragon.
These units will depend organically on the Ministry of the Interior through the General Directorate of Police, within the Deputy Operations Directorate (DAO); they will functionally depend on the competent regional authorities; and the command, direction and coordination will be exercised through the Headquarters of each Unit.
Training centers
Center for Advanced Studies
Before 2013 it was called the Promotion Center. The headquarters are located in the Madrid district of Carabanchel. It currently has a double function, dedicated on the one hand to training for promotion to the categories of chief commissioner, commissioner and inspector-chief, sub-inspectors and officers, and on the other hand to develop training actions for both Spanish and foreign commanders, all in collaboration with different Spanish universities.
National Police School
The National Police School, based in the city of Ávila, belongs to the Training and Improvement Division and is the place where opponents declared fit in the free opposition phase, both at the Basic Scale —Police category —, like the Executive Scale —Inspector category—, are trained to be officers of the National Police. Promotion courses are also given for internal promotion agents within the Corps itself from the Sub-inspection Scale, as well as complementary courses for members of other corps, both Spanish (Foral Police of Navarra, local police of Castilla y León and municipal police of the Community of Madrid, Customs Surveillance Service), as well as from other countries, collaborating with them in exchange programs.
Likewise, the National Police School houses the headquarters of the Permanent Secretariat of the Ibero-American Police School of the Police Community of America (IBERPOL).
Among its facilities, the Police Museum stands out, existing since 1908 and transferred to the academy in 1986 coinciding with its inauguration.
Center for Updating and Specialization (CAE)
Dedicated to the programming of the corresponding professional update or recycling groups, as well as the operational specialization courses. The courses can be taught electronically or with the physical presence of the agents. In this case, the venues where the courses will be taught can range from the National Police School, to the CAE headquarters itself or to the Center for Operational Practices.
Selective Processes Area
It is in charge of developing all the selection processes both for access in its police and inspector categories, as well as those related to internal promotion to all categories of the force.
Processes of great complexity due to the volume of participants. The last call, in 2018, for the basic scale category had 44,056 applicants, although in previous calls the number of 50,000 applicants was exceeded.
Each year, the public offer of employment is published in which the number of positions to be filled in each scale is specified. The Opposition phase for admission to the Basic Scale, Police category, consists of four tests. The first of physical aptitude (agility circuit, strength test, 1000 m race), the second of knowledge and spelling (spelling was not contemplated in previous calls), the third of personal interview and medical examination, and the fourth test psychotechnical together with the voluntary exercise of the language in English or French.
After approving the opposition, you must pass a training course at the Ávila School, and once approved, you will go through a period of internships in the different units of a Police Station that are distributed throughout the Spanish territory.
Once this eliminatory internship period has passed, the appointment of Active Police will be made effective through the act of oath of office in the same school. The professional card and emblem plate of the body will be delivered, together with the diploma that certifies the student as a new career official.
Operating Practices Center "La Enira#34;
The Operational Practices Center of the National Police "La Enira" is located in Linares (Jaén). These facilities are intended for the training of the Special Operations Group (GEO), Police Intervention Units (UIP) and Specialist Technicians in Deactivation of Explosive Devices and Nuclear, Radiological, Biological and Chemical Agents (TEDAX-CBRN).
Specialties
It has numerous specialties, such as:
- Technological Research Unit (ITU)
- Special Cavalry Unit (UEC)
- Citizen Care Groups (GAC)
- Special Working Group (GEO)
- Special Operational Group on Security (GOES)
- Special Unit of Canine Guides (UEGC)
- Air Media Service (MAS)
- Office of Complaints and Citizen Care (ODAC)
- Scientific Police
- Judicial police
- Family Care Service (SAF)
- Central Border Unit (UCF)
- Special Subsoil and Environmental Protection Unit (UES)
- Technicians Specialists in Deactivation of Explosive Artefacts and Nuclear, Radiological, Biological and Chemical Agents (TEDAX-NRBQ)
- Police Intervention Unit (IPU)
IPU riots - Prevention and Reaction Unit (UPR)
- Operational Response Group (GOR)
- Special Response Group Coordination Brigade for Organized Crime (GRECO)
- Fugitive Localization Group
- Specialized and Violent Crime Unit (UDEV)
- Economic and Fiscal Crime Unit (UDEF)
- Drug and Organized Crime Unit (UDYCO)
- Central Narcotics Brigade (CEB)
- Unit Against Immigration Networks and Documentary Misdemeanours (UCRIF)
- Central Protection Unit (UCP)
- Internal Affairs Unit (UAI)
- Assistance and Protection Unit (UPAP)
- Central Operating Support Unit (UCAO).
- Operational Group of Technical Interventions (GOIT).
- Group of Minors (GRUME)
- Socio-Sanitary Prevention and Care Unit
- Arms and Police Equipment Service
- Europol National Unit (UNE)
Note: There are medical staff and technicians who perform very specific tasks (health, chemists, biologists...)
Internal regime
Uniformity
Scales and categories
As established by Organic Law 9/2015 on the National Police Personnel Regime, the National Police Corps is structured into 4 Scales and within these, into 7 categories:
- Higherwith two categories:
First: Chief Commissioner. Among them, the components of the governing board (Deputy Operational Director, Deputy General Directors, General Commissioners and Division Chiefs) and the Higher Chiefs of Police will be appointed.
Second: Commissioner.
- Executive scalewith two categories:
First: Chief Inspector.
Second: Inspector.
- Sub-inspection scalewith the category of sub-inspector.
- Baselinewith two categories:
First: Police Officer.
Second: Police.
Input
The requirements to join the force are:
- Being in possession of Spanish nationality.
- 18 years old. (The maximum age requirement was declared invalid by Supreme Court judgement of 21 March 2011)
- Have a minimum height of 1.65 meters men and 1.60 women.
- Be in possession of the Bachelor's degree, equivalent or superior.
- Not having been convicted of a malicious offence or separated from the service of the State, the Autonomous, Local or Institutional Administration, or being disqualified for the exercise of public functions.
- Be in possession of the driver's license of class B.
There are two ways to access the National Police Force: Competitive exams to the Basic Scale or oppositions to the Executive Scale.
- To opositate the Executive scale is also necessary the official university degree of Grade. However, the official university degrees obtained under previous curricula
Upon the entry into force of Royal Decree 1393/2007, of October 29, which establishes the organization of official university education, they will maintain all their academic effects for the purposes of admission and promotion in the National Police.
Badges and Badges
Currencies are those elements of the uniformity of the police that serve to differentiate the rank –the scale and category– of the specific officer. They are included in the Order of the Ministry of the Interior 430/2014, of March 10, which regulates uniformity in the National Police Corps.
These badges are worn on the top of the uniform, usually on the agent's shoulders. This norm is always fulfilled in the work uniform and in the gala and representation uniform. However, for operational reasons of the different uniforms of the specialties, these badges can take the form known as biscuit, which consists of a small felt located at the level of the left pectoral. On the other hand, in the grand gala uniform, the emblems are embroidered on the sleeves of the warrior.
All currencies, regardless of category, present a royal crown of gold and gules. The upper scale and, exceptionally, the category of chief inspector, present a gimp made up of a double line of veined laurel leaves, which is located at its base on the shoulder pad. These categories are differentiated by the number of command batons each edged with two veined and fruity laurel branches, joined by their trunks, which in the category of main commissioner will be three, in that of commissioner, two, and in the category of chief commissioner, two. of chief inspector, one. The insignia of the inspectors, as well as the students of the executive scale, are formed by a serreta and straight chevron and by laurel wreaths formed by two veined laurel branches, fruited and joined by their trunks, whose number varies in relation to whether they are career civil servants, in which case they carry three, or if they are students and in what year of their training they are. The sub-inspectors carry a straight chevron as currency, a laurel wreath like the one on the executive scale and three angled chevrons joined without space between them. The currency of the basic scale is made up of a veined and fruity laurel branch, differentiating the categories by the number of angled chevrons present: three in the Officer category and two in the Police category. The students of this internship scale only have the laurel branch, without chevrons, while the students during the training course do not have any other elements apart from the common crown in full currency.
The ones other than the position are a special type of currency that certain heads of the corporation use in substitution of their generic currencies, which are made up of two interlocked command batons and a double twist of laurel leaves, the number of which varies according to the post. The managerial officials authorized to do so are the deputy director of operations, deputy directors general, general commissioners, division chiefs and senior police chiefs. The related officials, in addition to the heads of the provincial and local police stations, can carry a command baton in certain acts, but only for the one who is the highest representative of the corporation among those present.
Symbols
General Emblems
National Police Corps (CNP)
Logo of the National Police Corps (CNP)
Emblem of the National Police Corps (CNP)
Former emblem of the National Police Corps (CNP)
Emblems of the General Police Stations
General Information Police (CGI) Assembly
Emblema de la Commissariat General de la Policía Judicial (CGPJ)
Emblema de la Comisaría General de Seguridad Ciudadana (CGSC)
Emblema de la Comisaría General de Extranjería y Fronteras (CGEF)
Emblema de la Comisaría General de Policía Científica (CGPC)
Emblems of Specialties, Units and Operational Groups
Emblem of Police Intervention Units
Emblem of the Ad Hoc Working Group (GEO)
Emblem of the Special Operating Groups of Safety (GOES)
Emblem of the Prevention and Reaction Unit (UPR)
Emblema de la Unidad Especial de Guías Caninos (UEGC)
Emblem of the Judicial Police
Emblem of the Internal Affairs Unit (UAI)
Emblem of the National Police School (ENP)
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Union representation
In this body unions are allowed, but of a professional nature. Among them we find, in order of representation in the Police Council, the following: Police Justice (JUPOL), Unified Police Union (SUP), Spanish Police Confederation (CEP), Federal Police Union (UFP), Professional Union Police (SPP) and Union of Police Commissioners (SCP). In addition to these, there are other trade union associations that have not obtained representation on the Council.
Controversies
Throughout its history, the CNP has been accused of overreaching itself on certain occasions. Members of the police were involved in the 1980s in the GAL and state terrorism against ETA, actions that according to subsequent rulings were directed and financed by the Ministry of the Interior itself. One of its bodies that has received the most criticism received are the Police Intervention Units, which deal with the security of events that may cause a serious disturbance of public order, accused of abuse of force, random arrests and the proven infiltration of their agents in demonstrations, in addition to their controversial actions at the borders and complaints of torture.
In culture
Since 2009, a literary contest has been organized solely for police officers under the name Police and Culture Literary Contest, aimed at promoting culture and literature among members of the police force, in order to try to erase and, according to them, demystify the image of police officers. sometimes stereotyped as illiterate.
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