National anthem of Peru

	National Anthem of Peru (coro) Interpreted by the Peruvian Armed Forces, sixth verse.
Problems when playing this file?

José de la Torre Ugarte, composer of the lyrics of the National Anthem of Peru.

José Bernardo Alcedo, composer of the music of the National Anthem of Peru.

Rosa Merino, first person to sing the National Anthem of Peru.

Cover of a piano score of the National Anthem at the end of the centuryXIX.

The National Anthem of Peru is one of the national symbols of Peru, whose lyrics belong to José de la Torre Ugarte and the music to José Bernardo Alcedo. It was adopted in 1821 with the title of National March of Peru.

History of the anthem

After proclaiming the independence of Peru as a national of Peru, General José de San Martín called for a public contest to choose the National March of Peru for the Peruvian troops, a call that was published on 7 August 1821, in the Government Gazette. The announcement summoned all teachers of fine letters, composers and fans in general, to direct their signed productions to the Ministry of State before September 18, the day on which a commission would designate which of them would be adopted as the National March. The author of the chosen composition would be rewarded by the public and the government with national gratitude.

Seven compositions entered the contest:

• The musician of the Battalion Voltígeros of the Battalion "Numancia",
• Master Alcedo's,
• the one of the master Huapaya,
• Master Tena's,
• Master Filomeno's,
• Father Aguilar, the chapel master of the Agustinians, and
• another one of the master Alcedo, at the time of the stubborn brother of the Convent of Santo Domingo.

This contest was most likely held in the hall of Miguel José de Riglos, where the auditive tests were carried out, using for this purpose the harpsichord (not harpsichord) of this close friend and collaborator of San Martín. The latter, not finding among the seven works heard a march to his liking, decided to adopt, provisionally and de facto, the one presented last by the Afro-Peruvian composer José Bernardo Alcedo, whose melodic beauty and dynamic impulse were probably already known to San Martín. at some unofficial audition they undoubtedly received convincing expository heat through the second audition, buoyed by the author's proverbial patriotic fervor.

Once the march was adopted, Alcedo proceeded to its orchestration and rehearsal by the theater orchestra, which was thus able to officially premiere it on the night of September 23, 1821, at the Segura Theater, in a performance attended by San Martín and the heroes of independence who were in the capital on that date. The beautiful voice of the soprano Rosa Merino was the first to sing this national song. The audience, upon hearing the music and lyrics of the National Anthem, responded by standing up at the suggestion of Alcedo, who was conducting the orchestra.

The original stanzas were composed by the poet from Ica and San Marcos from the Faculty of Arts, José de la Torre Ugarte. The stanzas of the hymn are a clear testimony of the poet's patriotic fervor and the emancipatory ideals of Peruvians. This shows a commitment of Peruvians for independence.

Around 1840 and spontaneously, a stanza by an anonymous author was added to the original lyrics:

Long time the oppressed Peruvian

the ominous chain dragged;
Condemned to a cruel servitude
Long time in silence he groaned.
But just the sacred cry
Freedom! On your shores you heard,
the indolence of slave shakes,

the humiliated cerviz lifted.

Several publications of the hymn made subtle modifications to the lyrics and music, which was restored and rearranged by Claudio Rebagliati in 1869, at Alcedo's request. a contest to reform the lyrics of the National Anthem, in view of the successive versions that circulated, in addition to the small defects that they found in it. Said initiative, even when it was approved, did not prosper, due to the rejection that it generated in public opinion due to the roots and recognition that time had given it, making it an already consolidated tradition.

On May 8, 1901, in Lima, the restored Official Edition of the National Anthem of Peru was approved as follows:

"I saw the memorial presented by the music professor Don Claudio Rebagliati, stating: that the national song of Peru, composed by the master don José Bernardo Alcedo and adopted by the Supreme Government in 1821, has been adulterated since then, for having existed but a score for military bands, and that in 1869, not being able to the teacher Alcedo for his advanced age to write in form the music of the anthem

That the commission appointed by the Ministry of Government, in 13 April 1900, composed of the professors don J. M. Valle-Riestra, don Benjamín Castañeda, don F. France, don S. Berriola and Don Pedro López Aliaga, ensures in the report that runs in these actuaries, that the restoration of the hymn made by Professor Rebagliati, is acceptable, for the various reasons that it leads,

That it is necessary to put an end to the whimsical alterations made in the national song, so that it is preserved as arranged by its author;

It's back:

1 Approve the restoration of the hymn's music (...).

2nd No other hymn may be inscribed in the official acts than the one adopted by this resolution, (...).

Sign up, report and post;

Factory of S.E-Zapata. "

Also in 1901 there was a new reformist attempt, this time, approved by the government of Eduardo López de Romaña, who, after approving the music of the hymn restored by Claudio Rebagliati, arranged for a contest to be called to choose a new lyrics for considering the original by José de la Torre Ugarte outdated and aggressive towards Spain, taking into account that in those days relations between the two countries were cordial. The jury, made up of Ricardo Palma, Guillermo Seoane and Andrés Avelino Aramburú, determined that the choir had to remain faithful to the original and of the twenty proposals presented, that of the poet José Santos Chocano won, whose stanzas with the same choir were sung at the public schools and were published in popular songbooks, but the award was never made official by any official document.

But it did not take long for public opinion to reclaim the old letter again, being so much pressure that the Peruvian Congress was forced in 1913 during the government of Guillermo Billingurst to enact Law No. 1801 of February 26 of 1913 that declared the words and music of the National Anthem intangible, including the apocryphal stanza of Largo tiempo placed as the first stanza.

In 1954, at the request of Raúl Porras Barrenechea, Chabuca Granda composed a replacement for the first stanza of the hymn, however, it did not spread.

During the military government of General Juan Velasco Alvarado, an attempt was made to modify the second and third paragraphs. In the same way, the government of Francisco Morales Bermúdez ordered that in official ceremonies and schools, the last stanza be sung instead of the apocryphal one. With the start of the second government of Fernando Belaúnde Terry, the anthem was sung again with the stanza of Largo tiempo.

The Constitutional Court determined in June 2005 that the first stanza of the hymn (Largo tiempo...) is not authored by José de la Torre Ugarte, but rather the fruit of folklore popular and that its insertion in the anthem expresses the will of the Peruvian people represented in the National Parliament through Law No. 1801; for which reason it deserves to be kept as intangible. However, it also verified that the original fifth stanza of the hymn had been excluded and considering the copyright legislation and the integrity of the work ordered that said fifth stanza be restored, which, in the current version of the hymn, would be the sixth stanza of a total of seven.

In September 2009, the second government of Alan García ordered again that in official ceremonies the last stanza (En su cuma los Andes sustain...) be sung instead of the first, which which was held on September 24 (Armed Forces Day) and October 8 (Angamos Combat Day). Since that date, the intonation of the last stanza has spread to all sectors of the country.

Interpretation

Official position to sing the hymn, with arms on the sides.

A popular custom is to sing the anthem with the right hand at the height of the heart.

The official position for interpreting the National Anthem is at attention, with arms straight at your sides. However, the position with the right hand on the chest, at the level of the heart, probably of foreign influence, is popular. It has also become widespread, even in official ceremonies, the popular custom that at the end of the performance the celebrant pronounces Long live Peru! and the audience responds 'Long live!'.

Around 2016, the custom of soccer fans from other countries to sing the anthem with their arms around each other at the start of the national soccer team matches, as a symbol of unity, was adopted. This gesture has taken hold and has continued to the present day.

Although the National Anthem of Peru consists of a chorus and seven verses, these are not interpreted literally. For a long time, the first verse and the chorus were interpreted, but, as of September 2009, at the request of a Constitutional Court ruling from 2005, which indicated that the first verse was apocryphal, it was decided that, henceforth, the chorus and the last verse are sung. The National Anthem also has certain peculiarities at the time of its interpretation, especially repetitions, and is generally sung as follows:

Chorus: We are bleak, we will...we always, / we will always be / and before we deny...go... its light...s, / its lights, its lights the Sun / that we miss the solemn vo-oto / that the Patria al Ete-erno raised / that we miss the solemn vo-oto / that-e the Patria al Ete-erno elevated / that we miss the

Step VI: At its top the a-andes soste...engan / the flag or pendó-on bicolor / that at the ages announces the effort...giveness / to be free, to be free forever gave us... / to his shadow live-mos quiet / and at birth by his nicknames the so-ol / renew the gra-an swore...nto / that we surrender,

Chorus: We are bleak...s, will...just always, / let's always be / and before we deny...go... its light...s, / its lights, its sunlights / that we miss the solemn vo-oto / that the Patria al Ete-erno raised / that we miss the solemn vo-oto / that-e the Patria al Ete-erno elevó / que falte.

Quechua version

Quechua is the second most important language in Peru, where it is one of the co-official languages. For that reason, the Spanish anthem has been translated into southern Quechua. Here are two different translation versions, the first corresponds to Demetrio Túpac Yupanqui and the second belongs to the self-styled Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua.

Demetrio Tupah Yupankip t'ikrasqan

Qhuchuntin

Qispisqañam kachkanchik
ñawpaq kananchik wiñaypaq,
ñawpaqtaraq pakachun
wach'inta Intinchik pakachun
Sayasunmi ñuqanchik chiqapta
Llaqtanchikmi wiñaypaq ruwasqa (3 kuti)

Yarayma
Achka watam piruwanu sarusqa,
qillay waskhata aysapurqan
kamallisqa millay kawsayriyman
achka watam,
One and watam
achka watam ch'inpi llakirqan
Chay chayllapim willka qaparimuy,
qispiriypi k'ancharikamun
rikch'ariymi llapaq kamakun.
sarunchasqan, sarunchasqan
sarurchasqan qispiyta yallin
saruchasqan qispiyta andallin

qispiyta yallin

Huk runap t'ikrasqan (Translation of the Academy of Quechua Language)

Qhuchuntin

Qispichisqan kanchis wiñaypaq, kananchi wiñaypaq
Ñaupaqtaqa k ́anchanta, pakachun, k’anchanta inti
Pisisun willkachasqa munayman,
Hanaqchan llaqtanchismi wiñayman
Pisisun willkachasqa munayman
Hanaqchan llaqtanchis wiñayman
Pisisun willkachasqa munayman
Hanaqchan llaqtanchis wiñayman.

(ESTROFA)

Llaqta runan unay wata mat'isqa
Tajyachaqnin waskharta aysarqan
Wiñaychasqa usuy warma kaymanmi
Unay pacha, unay pacha
Unay pachan phutikuq ch’inllá
Willka qapariynin ñak’aymanta
qespi qocha patapi uyarikun
Ñak’ay warma kayninta chhafchirispan
K’umuchisqa, k’umuchisqa

K’umuchisqa mat’inta hoqarin

Mat’inta hoqarin