Nakedness
Nudity or nakedness is the state of not being clothed. Sometimes it refers to the state of wearing little clothing (half-naked), or less than what the conventions or rules of a certain culture or situation have established, to the state of exposure of the skin or private parts.
In the world of art, it is an artistic genre that represents human figures stripped of clothing, whose origin dates back to the beginnings of prehistoric art. It reached its height during classical antiquity and the Renaissance. The nude in certain Western cultures can be considered erotic and in others it can be a normal state to which no particular sensation or emotion is assigned. See Nude (artistic genre)
Terminology
The word nude indicates that the body is not covered by clothes, although its definition has different subjective connotations. The word nude has its etymological origin in the Latin 'nudus' which means "without clothes".
The full nude
A state of total nudity, without the coverage of dresses that cover the most intimate parts of the body.
Partial Nudity
The partial or semi-nude is one that shows parts of the body that, according to culture, usually appear dressed on a daily basis. Keep in mind that, just to give an example, in the Mediterranean Sea basin, either in ancient Egypt or among the Semitic peoples, it used to be considered nudity for women to show their hair in public; the concealment of female hair also existed, although more moderate, in ancient Greece and ancient Rome. In classical Rome, the woman who was not lupa ('she-wolf', in Latin: 'prostitute') was distinguished because she wore her hair in public either covered or collected in a bun; In Ancient Egypt, the fact that women exhibited their natural hair was considered an act of female nudity, but since it was common for Egyptians to remove their bald heads for reasons of extreme hygiene (for example, to avoid lice), the use of wigs on the part of the women it was highly erotic and half-naked women in wigs aroused as if they were naked. Erotic semi-nudity among the ancient Egyptians has been common in paintings and statuary in which beautiful women are represented dressed in tulle or other subtle linen-spun clothing whose transparency allowed a large part of the female body to be observed. For the common Egyptian as for other peoples, the woman coming out of the water dressed, although with her wet clothes encircling her body and showing most of her curves, has been semi-nudity (semi-nudity that was reiterated more than three thousand years later between a certain French elite in times prior to the Bonapartist Empire: empire-style fashion preceded Napoleon I himself among women, who, to demonstrate their bodily beauty, even dampened their clothes in the rather unpleasant Parisian climate, which gave rise to a syndrome of colds, flu, pneumonia etc. that was called "disease of the muslins" (or, remembering the promiscuous Roman empress, "Messalina disease").
The fact that semi-nudity is considered such is evidenced by the socially accepted swimsuits of the "Western" that changed radically in nearly 50 years during the 20th century: at the turn of the XX still held "Victorian morality" and only whores could appear to be seen with more than their heads, hands, necks, and feet stripped of clothing. After the First World War there was a first exhibitionism (that of the roaring twenties, a time in which the anthropologist Margaret Mead attacked the so-called Western taboos. In truth, Margaret Mead's fieldwork is highly debatable today and rather reveals her rejection of the oppressive morality against women of the so-called Victorian era The Roaring Twenties was an anticipatory period in which some of the women of the most economically developed countries wore miniskirts (that is, they showed most of their legs), tight and low-cut dresses that left the female arms fully visible.But this fashion of the twenties was very limited: in less than a decade it was replaced by a new puritanism (that of the decade of Nazism and fascism). after the Second World War it became massive and gradually accepted (the happy sixties were the beginning of the total acceptance) that women wore bathing suits and intimate clothing that was previously considered to belong to prostitutes, odalisques, or the "savage nude typical of primitive peoples": the bathing suit today called a bikini is very old, but it only reemerged as a form of partial nudity in the late 1950s (at the end of the 1950s). even when Marilyn Monroe declared that to go to bed she only dressed with a perfume), already in the sixties it was also frequent, in certain European spas, what was then called a monokini (currently the one-piece female swimsuit is called a monokini that leaves a large part of the body exposed, but in the sixties monoquini was often synonymous with topless). Along with topless, much more demure and suggestive appeared (with a boom since the seventies) the very reduced bikini called thong (an extreme degree of thong is the so-called edge that only covers with small ribbons ―in Portuguese filos― the hip and the anal region) and the tailless (bikini that reveals almost all of the buttocks).
However, the issue of half-nude and full nudity has not been restricted to clothing or scant clothing: since the turn of the century XX In many cases, a woman's body is not usually considered entirely nude if the woman is not exhibited completely shaved (for example, free of pubic hair). Although it is observed, the delimitation between the nude and the clothed is quite Eurocentric (although also in other large expanses of cold and temperate climates there are concomitances or coincidences with the European nudity criteria). On the other hand, in tropical and intertropical zones it has been common, which obviously means that in the warm regions of the planet the nude was considered nothing extraordinary or something particularly exciting, lustful or libidinous (in Southeast Asia, in Oceania, in intertropical America and in In much of Africa it has been common - due to the torrid climate - habitual nudity without apparently provoking erotic excitement). As for the limit between semi-nude and absolute nudity, there is a subjective border between totally naked and partially naked, perhaps governed by sexual arousal: for some people, total nudity is already such when the person being observed shows their secondary sexual characteristics (for example, a woman with naked mammary breasts and with a naked pubis although covered with hair); On the other hand, for other people, the total nudity is one in which the naked person is with the pubis completely shaved and is even exempt from all adornment.
The nude in art
Within figurative art, the representation of female nudes has predominated; An anthropological explanation for this is found in the traditional consideration of mother deities as fertility deities (in the broad sense of fertility, including for example fertility in crops). Such is the case of the prehistoric "Venuses" whose most publicized example is that of the so-called Venus of Willendorf. In such a type of "Venus" little is noted of what would later become an erotic icon; Rather, in these prehistoric cases, fat women or perhaps pregnant women with large or prominent mammary breasts are represented, with facial details (those that indicate a personality) being unimportant.
After prehistory, gradually and especially with the emergence of civilized states, a gradual emphasis on the face is noted, at first highly idealized as seen in the Koré and the Apollos of archaic Greek art that in this aspect still resembles the art of the great empires of Asian Mesopotamia or the Nile Valley. However, Minoan art, perhaps inspired by a certain Egyptian naturalist art that managed to avoid hieraticism, knew how to highlight the vital dynamics of bodies, thus anticipating to classical Greek art (which expands on the nude in three aspects: the idealizing, the naturalistic and the realistic) during the heyday of Greek art (later spread to Etruria and Rome) the kalos (the beauty) of the human body and for this rigidity or heavy forms are avoided; however, from this apparent absence of hieraticism, the Greek notion of kalos raises a deep knowledge of anatomy (at least of the most visible anatomy), the existence of canons (canon of heights: 8 heads for the male and 7 for the female, like the kanon of Polykleitos) and according to these proportions all the other proportions following the golden section as much as possible. In this way all excessiveness (or hubris) is avoided to maintain harmony; such harmony can be observed in the special serenity of the postures and faces (looks, lips) of the statues of Aphrodite or Apollo.
Even many dressed figures of Greek art, such as the Nike of Samothrace (Winged Victory of Samothrace), actually seem to show only subtle glazes that allow one to appreciate ―as if by translucency― the naked body.
After Alexander's campaigns, the art of the Hellenic nude radiates its influences and reaches the art of India in which the bodies (especially the female ones) are artistically captured with typical canons in which the curvilinear forms of waists are highlighted narrow that highlight the female hips and perky mammary breasts plus an abundant addition of ornaments (bracelets, anklets, necklaces, headdresses), the female figures are usually arranged in sinuous lines almost as if evoking those of vegetables that thus accentuate morbidity (the most similar thing will be the contraposto in the "West"), this display of sensual and voluptuous Hindu art can be seen in the temples of Ayantá, Suria or Chapri among others until reaching its peak between the 10th and 12th centuries in the temples of Khayurajo. While in the "West" with the advance of Christianity, a religion that in its beginnings - like Judaism and Islam - repudiated the worship of figurative images that could lead to idolatry instead of the sublimated worship of a One and Only God In other words, pristine Christianity was necessarily iconoclastic and it goes without saying that with this the artistic representation of the nude declined: even though in its ecumenical proselytism Christianity made pragmatic concessions to the aesthetic tastes of the "gentiles", Christianity exalted a highly sublimated representation of human beings, when theologians considered that "flesh" was fragile, perishable, mortal and inducible to "sin", in view of this, medieval Christian art (particularly Byzantine art) tried to exalt the "spiritual" aspects of the human body, which practically amounted to avoiding the nude (in contrast, the corporal representations were painted or drawn with baggy clothes, inflated, and the bodies were elongated in a stylization that reached a canon of 10 and 11 heads; the same head of the people considered saints was drawn from two superimposed circles).
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After the crisis of the 14th century (that of the Black Death) the resurgence of the representation of the naked human body began to be evident in the "West"; Only after such a deep crisis that shook a large part of Eurasia and especially Europe, did a renaissance of the economy and human vitality take place. This gives rise in the Quattrocento to the first clear prolegomena of humanism and to the first post-classical paintings that joyfully represent the nude; this is the Renaissance in art (See: Botticelli and his Birth of Venus and Primavera or the ―characterized by its pose in contraposto― Leda and the Swan by Leonardo). However, in such cases and for a long time the pretext for depicting partial nudity was some Christian religious theme (like the frescoes in the Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo, or if it is from the Nordic Renaissance the Adam and Eve of the Polyptych of Gante due to Jan Van Eyck) and for the total nude the representation of some pagan mythological theme. A study of such a Renaissance was begun much later by Jakob Burckhardt, who was able to speak of the closed work (Opus Clausa) when criticizing a classical Greek model that would later inspire academic nudes, such The model is that of the Venus of Cnido, which would be imitated especially from the mannerism that from Cinquecento Italy (with works such as Titian's Venus of Urbino, a painting in which the "mythology" as a pretext is evident) leads to the courtly or gallant painting from the France of the Louises (erotic works by Fragonard, Watteau, Boucher). For his part, in Spain at the beginning of the XIX century, Goya with his Naked Maja presents a genuine revolution by making a large painting in the which the nude is already stripped of all censorship. Keep in mind that although the painters, in some cases geniuses such as Goya, perhaps sought to achieve (as they did) transcendence with their works that could include nudes (usually the morbid nudes of pubescent girls) the works were carried out for the enjoyment of wealthy patrons who, already prevented from the asymptotic pathways of pleasure, stagnated or stagnated (and still happens) in the mere enjoyment that Goethe was able to summarize in a simple and desperate phrase: when Mephistopheles showed the doctor Faustus the portrait of the beautiful Helen of Troy naked, Faustus exclaimed: "Stop for a moment... you are so beautiful!".
Thus, until the 1960s (the time when the so-called Sexual Revolution was irrefutably produced) the nude was usually erotic and often for commercial purposes (representations of nudes or photographs and filming of nudes for sale purposes), when the In the XXI century, one observes ―due to its massiveness― a commercialized trivialization of the nude.
The nude in audiovisual media
The nude is strongly linked to eroticism in audiovisual media, such as cinema, television and video. For commercial reasons, the film industry usually portrays the nudity of physically attractive actors and actresses, although it is also used as an expressive resource to portray the vulnerability of our body or as a metaphor for its fragility in shocking or moving scenes, stripped of any sexual connotation.
The impressive potential for the dissemination of audiovisual material in the Internet age has made celebrity nudity a true cult followed with dedication by countless users around the world and capitalized on by highly popular publications such as the famous American magazine Playboy, which periodically offers tempting sums of money to show business women to pose on its pages, has also resulted in a growing refusal by many actors and actresses to perform nudes out of modesty and to allow such scenes to be broadcast without control over the world wide web. Indeed, many of them who refuse to appear naked in films do so in theater or performances, in the privacy of the public present and with due precautions.
Some celebrities, indeed, achieve stardom thanks to full or frontal nudity and become sexual icons, like the Dutch Sylvia Kristel, although there are also cases in which excessive exposure ends up being harmful, as happened to the actress Elizabeth Berkley, whose career was greatly negatively affected by her outstanding role in the erotic drama Showgirls (1995) or the Italian Claudia Koll, who was never able to overcome her typecasting after her explicit sex scene on the film Cosi Fan Tutte of Tinto Brass, and ended up giving up acting and dedicating himself to a religious life.
Nudity in television series and telefilms is a relatively recent opening phenomenon, from the beginning of the 1990s and that has been consolidated in parallel to the sustained massification of cable and satellite television, whose private nature has allowed release content restrictions in the programming segments aimed at the most adult audience and that can, today, focus on the most explicit aspects of sexuality, without having to excuse the nakedness of the human body in merely scientific and anthropological contexts. Some notorious examples are series like Red Shoe Diaries, Queer as Folk, The L Word and Tell me you love me, the latter quite controversial for daring to simulate sexual relations on television with studied realism.
Comics in their most commercial sphere and as an active part of contemporary popular culture linked to the entertainment industry, are not exempt from this type of manifestation, although strictly speaking they could be circumscribed to artistic expressions. The first frontal nude of a classic comic book character was Shanna She-Devil, in the 2005 Marvel Comics publication of the same name, by the Korean illustrator Frank Cho, and which was censored by the publishing house in later editions; Years before, illustrator Barry Windsor-Smith got Marvel editors to accept, with severe objections, that the character Wolverine appear naked in the Weapon X miniseries, but strategically drawn so as not to show genitalia, as it did in Watchmen (1986), so Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons for DC Comics, in which one of their characters, Dr. Manhattan already turned into an energy entity as a result of a nuclear accident, he wanders around naked, and can be considered the first male frontal nudity in a superhero comic. However, in independent publishers and in other spheres of this medium, such as the diverse European and Latin American market, there is a long history of artists such as Guido Crepax, Horacio Altuna and Milo Manara who have focused their art towards a more explicit eroticism and use this resource.
Trivial discussion around this media topic has established a cognate terminology for categories of nudity.
Topless
It is an anglicism of colloquial use to designate the nakedness of the torso. In the media it refers mainly to women who display their breasts, and in turn its impact depends on the audacity with which it is carried out. There may be topless where the nipples are shown and other more suggestive ones where they are strategically covered.
Transparency
It refers to a veiled form of nudity in which the body appears semi-covered by clothing, shadows or surfaces that only reveal parts of it but take nudity for granted, mitigating the impact of being completely naked.
Full Nude
State of full body nudity, which in turn has different levels of impact on the viewer's perception depending on how revealing the nude itself is based on the private parts that are suggested or shown.
Strategic Nude
Colloquially it is called strategic nude scene ('strategic nude scene') to those integral nudes in artistic poses where there is no display of private parts, so the state of nudity is maintained in the scope of what is suggested. It is widely used as a sensuality resource in open media as a form of eroticism suitable for all audiences (softcore), that is, it can be displayed without censorship.
Back nude
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Full length nude in which the photographed image of the body shows it with its back to the viewer, and in which the only private part that is revealed is the buttocks.
Front nude
Colloquially defined by the expression in English full frontal nude (or full frontal nude), it refers to the most revealing type of nude that a celebrity can be exposed to, whether that when portrayed in front of the spectators or the camera, intimate parts such as the torso and pubis are exposed, which is considered obscene by some cultures or transgressive according to the most conservative codes of conduct. Many actors and actresses include clauses in their contracts in which they categorically refuse, out of modesty, frontal nudity even if they are topless and rear-naked, and there are also those who have never stripped frontally on a film set, but have done so for photo shoots. photographs published in magazines. Within Western culture there are differences between the canons of the American film industry and European cinematography or those of other latitudes, the latter being the ones that grant more expressive freedoms to filmmakers. In the large-scale cinema in Hollywood, on the other hand, film projects involve large costs that demand estimates regarding the volume of viewers that will support the return on investment. In this context, the age restriction for the public ―R for 'restricted', or NC-17 ('not suitable for the 17-year-old public')― can negatively affect their income and therefore content guidelines are tacitly set “for all public" that exclude, in the first instance, nudity and eroticism, not so with violent or bloodthirsty images, which culturally tend to be more accepted in the United States.
For aesthetic reasons or cultural atavisms that are sometimes interpreted as sexist, female frontal nudity tends to be much more frequent than male, although leading actors of stardom (such as Ewan McGregor, Kevin Bacon and Dennis Hopper) have performed these kinds of scenes. One of the most controversial has been the stage nude of the British Daniel Radcliffe in the theatrical production Equus, due to the fact that the work was on the billboard while the actor was still part of the youth fantasy franchise Harry Potter, with an audience mainly children and preadolescents. In this area, films that in their artistic proposal contemplate nudity of minors (or adults in the presence of minors) must categorically and unequivocally certify and guarantee that there is no intention to sexually exploit those involved, although the growing sensitivity World Cup against Abuses and Crimes has virtually vetoed this practice.
Milestones and curiosities
- According to Celuloid scholars, the first integral nude of an actress recognized in the cinema corresponds to Hedy Lamarr in the film Ecstasy (1933), which meant a scandal for the time and became condemned by Pope Pius XII.
- British actress and singer Jane Birkin is considered the first renowned celebrity to exhibit the pubis on a front-naked scene on the tape Blow Up (1966) directed by Michelangelo Antonioni.
- The first male front nude was from the Joe Dallessandro model for Andy Warhol's film, Andy Warhol’s Frankenstein of 1974, although Richard Gere (1949-) is considered the first renowned actor to perform a frontal nude for the film American Gigolo (1980).
- The Marilyn Cole model was the first to perform an integral frontal nude in the central despicable of the magazine Playboyin its January 1972 edition. For its part, the first male model to perform a frontal nude for the central drop-down of a publication was John Paul for the magazine Playgirl November 1987.
- The actress Deborah Gray is considered one of the first to perform a front-on-TV nude for the Australian TV series Number 96which caused great impact in his time.
- The first Spanish artist who exhibited herself completely naked on a stage was Susana Estrada in the erotic magazine Strip-Tease Stories, premiered at the Café Teatro Videoset de la calle Princesa n.o 5 de Madrid on August 11, 1976, as both Maria José Goyanes in Equus (15 Oct. 1975) as Victoria Vera in Why are you running, Ulysses? (17 Oct. 1975) had only shown their chest.
- The actress Nastassja Kinski (1961-) caused controversy when performing a frontal integral nude being underage in the film To the devil a daughter (1976). He was then 16 years old and, although he was within the limits of discernment for European standards, he was not for the American public.
- The Canadian actress Sonja Bennett had to shoot a very explicit nude scene for the film Punch (2002) directed by his father, Guy Bennett. To be able to perform it, the filmmaker must have been placed in an adjoining room and directed the shoot through a monitor.
- In 1981, actress Demi Moore (1962-) participated in an erotic photo shoot that was published by the French magazine Oui in its January 1981 edition, when it was an unknown virtual that barely exceeded the age of majority. The explicit poses in which it appears, completely naked and wearing only an open blue shirt, were reprinted in 1982 when the actress's success in the series General Hospital he launched it to massive recognition, and became even more requested by becoming one of the most popular stars of the cinema in the 1980s.
- In 1996, the Brazilian actress Maitê Proença had problems with the authorities of a small locality of Italy while performing a photo shoot for Playboy magazine, as most of the time was completely naked in public, in the presence of locals and even children, and it was believed that they made pornography.
- In 2003, the actress Rosamund Pike, who then had reluctantly refused to get naked in cinema, performed a frontal nude scene for the work of the British playwright Terry Johnson, The Hitchcock Blonde at the Royal Court Theatre in London. In it the actress acts for 10 minutes on the stage dressed only with a pair of shoes, and to avoid image leaks, the entrance of all types of cameras was forbidden to the auditorium.
- The paparazzi have had great influence on the cult of the nakedness of celebrities, seeking to portray the stars of cinema, music or television in moments of intimacy that transcend the prudence and light the morbidity of the public, which is why it is sometimes suspected that the same producers use these photographers to promote a certain tape. In February 2009, images of actress Naomi Watts (1968-) naked on a balcony were released, which turned out to be shots of her first front-naked scene at the age of 40 for the movie Mother " Child of the filmmaker Rodrigo García (1959-; son of Gabriel García Márquez). Although the actress did not repent of her scene, she was upset about the treatment she had in farantula sites.
- In June 2000 he debuted in private channels of diffusion and internet the space Naked News (‘news to the nude’), created by Fernando Pereira and Kirby Stasyna and exploited the fantasy of seeing the drivers undress in strip-tease as they read the news story, always reaching the front nude. Her oldest driver is the Canadian model Victoria Sinclair; however, the American Michelle Pantoliano, a graduate reporter from New York State University with a specialty in communications, was the first professional journalist to join the show in January 2002. In other news media, in November 2004, U.S. journalist and news driver Sharon Reed, from the WOIO-TV chain, a subsidiary of CBS, caused some controversy when she undressed before the cameras in her report on the performance of the photographer and conceptual artist Spencer Tunick in Cleveland (Ohio).
- In 2007, the HBO television network produced the most explicit series of its history: Tell me you love me, in which couples of characters played scenes of extremely credible sex, to the point where it was rumored that the actors had real sex on screen. The television show released actress Michelle Borth, from class B telefilms and advertising shorts, who was chosen “the nakedest person in the history of television”.
- Richard Avedon's famous black and white photograph that portrays the American model Stephanie Seymour teaching the pubis was auctioned at the end of 2010 at the Sotheby Gallery in Paris for 46 875 US$; a naked Madonna explicit photographed in 1979 was auctioned a year earlier (on 12 February 2009, exactly 30 years after the session at Martin Schreiber's studio in 37 York), selling in a year earlier. However, the most expensive naked photograph of history is a partial female nude, of unknown model, photographed by Edward Weston in 1925, which was sold in 2008 for 1.6 million dollars.
- The first music video to include nude scenes was for the song interstellar overdrive (1967) Pink Floyd, which included a scene of a woman making topless. Since then, many videos have appeared, with a greater or lesser degree of controversy and censorship, naked actors and models. The first singer to participate in a nude scene (after) in a music video was David Bowie for the song Girl (1983). Since then, artists such as Alanis Morrisette, Natalie Imbruglia, and Lady Gaga have made suggestive scenes that involve nakedness but strategically edited, without showing private parts of her body. The first singer to perform a frontal nude for a musical video was Mylène Farmer for the song Libertine (1986). In 1992 the singer Madonna made the video of the song "Erotica" in which, after several scenes more or less daring, she concludes with Madonna totally naked doing auto-stop and of which a version was made censored for dissemination in mass media. More than two decades later, the singer indie and keyboard player Leanne Macomber, is the first to perform a frontal nude for the cover of your album, Ejecta (2013) also starring the theme video Eleanor Lyne (2014) along which it appears entirely naked. As for Spanish music, the only musical video with frontal nude could be "Absolutely" by Fangoria and Sara Montiel, where two bodybuilders make poses pretending they wear a black thong that is actually painted on the skin.
In the male case, the exhibition of the penis becomes controversial when the role demands a more explicit sexual attitude, which sometimes shows the erection, with which the sense of the scene approaches the diffuse border with the pornographic. Some filmmakers, such as the French director Catherine Breillat, solve this with the prosthesis of an artificial limb, as is the case of the film Sex is Comedy (2002), although this director did not take such precautions in her film Romance (1999), filming the porn actor Rocco Siffredi. The prosthesis resource was used by Mark Wahlberg in the movie Boogie Nights , where he plays an actor in pornographic films who achieves stardom thanks to the size of his member.
A curiosity of frontal nudity as a film resource in front of conservative audiences as it happens in the United States is the use of the merkin, a name given to a genital protector in the shape of artificial pubic hair and whose invention was dates back to 1617. Its use determines a condition of "false nudity" for which a film can aspire to a less restrictive rating. British actress Kate Winslet wore one in the film The Reader due to a characterization requirement. Another unconventional method to subtly veil the nudity of an actress was used by David Lynch in the film Mullholland Dr. (2001), altering through digital retouching (blur: ' blurred') the private parts of the body in the frames where Laura Harring appears naked in front of the camera. This resource is usually also used in television broadcasts of movies in accordance with the censorship policies of each station and also to take advantage of the rules of protection hours for content restricted to minors.
In recent years, digital retouching has meant a veritable transformation of nudity, in that the actress no longer necessarily has to undress and the effect is done entirely by computer animation. A case of this is seen in the film Hollow Man (2000), in which the bare breasts of actress Kim Dickens were made entirely in post-production using computer effects. However, there are still actresses who freely agree to participate in nude scenes, although not all of them are aware of the global exposure that this implies. Actress Natalie Portman was upset when she put her name on Google and the result led her to a pornographic website, which contained frames of her nude in the short film Hotel Chevalier, which is why she declared that she would never go back to Never perform a nude on stage. Another case was that of the Brazilian television actress Nathalia Dill, who in 2012 sued the local edition of Playboy magazine for distributing without her consent photographs of her film Artificial Paradises, in which she participates in several sex scenes and nudes.
Close up
Although the term comes from the lexicon of cinematographic montage, in this particular subject of the nude it refers specifically to the camera approaches to private parts of the body. It is also called informally as genitalia shot ('genital photo') when the approach is to the genitals, frequent in pornographic films and printed publications of the same type, although it is also a resource for Currently accepted use for films that are considered transgressive or provocative. An advantage offered by the close-up is the possibility of alternating takes with other actors, called body doubles, when the star of the film has objected to stripping on stage.
In November 2011, American lawyer and sex therapist Carlin Ross caused controversy by displaying a close-up of her vulva to explain the mechanics of female masturbation on the Norwegian public television sex education program Trekant ('triangle'). Her performance became a milestone as it was the first explicit display of the female genital organs in close-up in the history of public television worldwide.
Bottomless
A fetish variant of partial nudity in which the celebrity displays private parts such as the buttocks or pubis, but continues to wear their clothing on top. Within this particular type of partial nudity, it is also worth mentioning the anglicisms flashing ('show fleetingly') and upskirt ('lift the skirt') to refer to the exposure, casual or deliberate of an intimate part of the body in the first case, or when a woman shows what she is wearing under her skirt in the second. Sharon Stone's famous sequence of crossing her legs without underwear in the film Basic Instinct (1992) exemplifies these cases. Some lingerie items serve the canons of this category, such as the garter belt, which fixes the garter belt to the waist or a corset, but independently of the panties or thong, allowing the woman to wear pantyhose without wearing a lower garment.
Gyno shot
Vulgar metaphor that emerged from the English-speaking lexicon of pornography, although it is not limited exclusively to its medium and there are cases of renowned actresses who have incurred in this unusual form of nudity. The expression alludes to the fact that the pose adopted is more typical of a gynecological examination than of art, since the model or actress separates her legs to display her genitals towards the camera (which makes the difference with the close-up, since it involves a specific posture). It is also called spread eagle and showing pink when zoomed in to see the vulva in detail. In the 1960s and 1970s, when Playboy and Penthouse vied for supremacy in the men's nude publication market, the limit of what was tolerable was frontal nudity with the model's pubic display; however, the appearance of Hustler magazine pushed the struggle to the limits of uncovering, introducing explicit genitality in nude photography. This unique conflict is known, not without some irony, as The Pubic Wars ('the pubic war'). Openly pornographic publications resort to poses of this type, although the gradual liberalization and the growing demand of readers for more daring poses have modified the standards, so that online publication portals such as Playboy have to compete with European softcore sites a lot. more uninhibited, seeing the need to show more daring poses and models each time.
The Italian film and television actress, Elisabetta Cavallotti had to take on the challenge of literally becoming a pornographic star to star in the biographical film based on the life of the pornstar Moana Pozzi, and in the film titled Guardami (1999) directed by Davide Ferrario, performs a scene where he assumes this pose. In the United States, actress Bryce Dallas Howard gave a similar performance for a fleeting scene in the film Manderlay directed by Lars Von Trier. In Latin America, where the culture tends to be more conservative on these issues, such scenes are even rarer; however, in February 2011, the contestant on the reality show Gran Hermano (Argentina), Rocío Magallán Gancedo, gained notoriety for being the first celebrity to be photographed for the local edition of Playboy showing a close-up of her her vulva, in a photographic session that crossed the borders of her country.
Famous Strippers
The liberation of barriers to modesty that has brought with it the trivialization of the nude in mass culture, with a strong influence of the audiovisual media, has had repercussions in the emergence of a category of celebrities who achieve fame only for their propensity for naked, often to the detriment of a less fortunate career as actresses, models, athletes or singers, and who ultimately end up being icons of uncovered sexuality. Usually, the stripper is called the artist who sheds her clothes while performing some type of stage performance, that is, a striptease, although nowadays some amateur or amateur models who take advantage of technologies are emerging celebrities. capture digital images to post intimate photos of themselves on the internet, capitalizing on a fleeting popularity that, eventually, may also mean launching them to worldwide fame as erotic models. Some famous strippers are:
- Bettie Page
- Dita Von Teese
- Julie Strain
- Victoria Zdrok
- Pamela Anderson
- Shannon Tweed
- Aimee Sweet
- Isobel Wren
- Carli Banks