Mustelidae

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The mustelids (Mustelidae, from the Latin mustela, weasel) are a family of mammals of the order Carnivora both terrestrial and aquatic, inhabiting all continents except Oceania. Most are carnivorous or are scavengers.

Classification

According to Mammal Species of the World the family is made up of two subfamilies with its twenty-two genera and 57 living species:

  • Subfamily Lutrinae
    • Gender Aonyx
    • Gender Enhydra
    • Gender Hydrictis
    • Gender Lontra
    • Gender Lutra
    • Gender Lutrogale
    • Gender Pteronura
  • Subfamily Mustelinae
    • Gender Arctonyx
    • Gender Eira
    • Gender Galictis
    • Gender Gulo
    • Gender Ictonyx
    • Gender Lyncodon
    • Gender Tuesday
    • Gender Meles
    • Gender Mellivora
    • Gender Melogale
    • Gender Mustela
    • Gender Neovison
    • Gender Poecilogale
    • Gender Taxidea
    • Gender Vote it
Sthenictis sp. (American Museum of Natural History).

In addition, the following fossil genera are known:

  • Acheronictis†
  • Adroverictis †
  • Aelurocyon †
  • Algarolutra †
  • Amphicticeps †
  • Anatolictis †
  • Arikarictis
  • Arctomeles †
  • Baranogale †
  • Bathygale †
  • Beckia †
  • Brachypsalis † (Uligobuninae subfamily)
  • Canimartes †
  • Cernicitis †
  • Chamitataxus†
  • Circamustela †
  • Craterogale † (subfamily Leptarctinae)
  • Cyrnaonyx †
  • Cyrnolutra†
  • Dehmictis †
  • Dinogale †
  • Ekorus †
  • Inhydrictis †
  • Enhydriodon†
  • Enhydritherium †
  • Eomellivora †
  • Ferinestrix†
  • Floridictis† (Uligobuninae subfamily)
  • Franconictis †
  • Hadrictis †
  • Hoplictis †
  • Iberictis †
  • Ischyrictis †
  • Lartetictis †
  • Leptarctus † (subfamily Leptarctinae)
  • Limnonyx †
  • Luogale †
  • Lutravus †
  • Kenyalutra †
  • Kinometaxia†
  • Megalenhydris †
  • Megalictis † (Uligobuninae subfamily)
  • Mellalictis †
  • Melodon †
  • Miomustela †
  • Myonictis †
  • Oligobunis† (Uligobuninae subfamily)
  • Oriensictis†
  • Oxyvormela †
  • Palaeomeles †
  • Paludolutra †
  • Pannonictis †
  • Parabrachypsalis† (Uligobuninae subfamily)
  • Stop him †
  • Paralutra †
  • Paramartes †
  • Parataxidea †
  • Paroligobunis †
  • Perunium †
  • Plesictis †
  • Plesiogale †
  • Plesiogulo †
  • Plionictis †
  • Pliotaxidea †
  • Polgardia †
  • Potamotherium † (currently Semantoridae)
  • Promartes † (Uligobuninae subfamily)
  • Promise †
  • Promellivora †
  • Proputorius †
  • Sabadellictis †
  • Sardolutra †
  • Satherium †
  • Siamogale †
  • Sivalictis †
  • Sivaonyx †
  • Semantor †
  • Sinictis †
  • Sminthosinus †
  • Sthenictis †
  • Stipanicicia †
  • Stromeriella †
  • Taxodon †
  • Tisisthenes †
  • Torolutra †
  • Trigonictis †
  • Trocharion† (subfamily Leptarctinae)
  • Trochictis †
  • Trochotherium †
  • Tyrrhenolutra †
  • Vishnuonyx †
  • Zodiolestes † (Uligobuninae subfamily)

Previously the family Mephitidae was considered a subfamily (Mephitinae) of the mustelids, until a DNA study elevated them to the rank of a family.

Phylogeny

Cladogram of the mustelid subfamilies according to Koepfli et al., 2008:

Mustelidae

Lutrinae

Mustelinae

Galictinae

Helictidinae

Martinae

Melinae

Mellivorinae

Taxideinae

Thus, the new classification according to Koepfli et al. (2008) and Law et al. (2018):

  • Subfamily Taxidiinae
    • Gender Taxidea
  • Subfamily Mellivorinae
    • Gender Mellivora
  • Subfamily Melinae
    • Gender Arctonyx
    • Gender Meles
  • Subfamily Helictidinae
    • Gender Melogale
  • Subfamily Guloninae
    • Gender Eira
    • Gender Gulo
    • Gender Tuesday
    • Gender Pekania
  • Subfamily Ictonychinae
    • Gender Galictis
    • Gender Ictonyx
    • Gender Lyncodon
    • Gender Poecilogale
    • Gender Vote it
  • Subfamily Lutrinae
    • Gender Aonyx
    • Gender Enhydra
    • Gender Lontra
    • Gender Lutra
    • Gender Hydrictis
    • Gender Lutrogale
    • Gender Pteronura
  • Subfamily Mustelinae
    • Gender Mustela
    • Gender Neovison
  • Árbol filogenético de Mustelidae. Contiene 53 de las 56 especies reconocidas de mustélidos.[15]​

    Mustelidae's phylogenetic tree. It contains 53 of the 56 recognized species of mustelides.

  • Árbol filogenético de Mustelidae con calibración temporal mostrando los tiempos de divergencia entre linajes. Distancias temporales: 28.8 millones de años (Ma) para mustélidos vs. prociónidos; 17.8 Ma para Taxidiinae; 15.5 Ma para Mellivorinae; 14.8 Ma para Melinae; 14.0 Ma para Guloninae + Helictidinae; 11.5 Ma para Guloninae vs. Helictidinae; 12.0 Ma para Ictonychinae; 11.6 Ma para Lutrinae vs. Mustelinae.[15]​

    Mustelidae's phylogenetic tree with temporary calibration showing the divergent times between lineages. Temporary distances: 28.8 million years (Ma) for mustelides vs. prociónidos; 17.8 Ma for Taxidiinae; 15.5 Ma for Mellivorinae; 14.8 Ma for Melinae; 14.0 Ma for Guloninae + Helictidinae; 11.5 Ma for Guloninae vs. Helictidinae; 12.0 Ma for Ictonychinae; 11.6 Ma for Lutrinae vs. Mustelinae.

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