Municipality of Cunduacan
Cunduacán is a municipality in the Mexican state of Tabasco, located in the Grijalva River region and in the Chontalpa subregion.
Its municipal seat is the town of Cunduacán and it has a division also made up of 10 towns, 31 rancherías, 59 ejidos and 13 colonies.
Its area is 598.7 km², which corresponds to 2.4% of the state's total; This places the municipality in twelfth place in territorial extension. It borders to the north with the municipalities of Comalcalco and Jalpa de Méndez, to the east with the municipalities of Nacajuca and Centro, to the south with the municipality of Centro and the state of Chiapas, and to the west with the municipality of Cárdenas.
Toponymy
The name Cunduacán comes from the Mayan Kun-ua-kan, where Kun= pot, ua= bread and kan= snake, which means: place of pots, bread and snakes.
History
The first settlers in memory who settled in what is now the municipality of Cunduacán were the ahualulcos or ayahualulcos, who lived on the coast of the municipality of Cárdenas and who, due to the scourge of the pirates, emigrated towards the territory of Cunducacán, founding and establishing towns such as Huimango, Cúlico, Anta, Cucultiupa and Cimatán.
Dedicated to the cultivation and exploitation of cocoa, they established commercial exchange with peoples of the Yucatan Peninsula and the Central Altiplano. Upon the arrival of the Spanish in 1518, there were numerous settlements on the banks of the Chacalapa River, which at that time was a branch of the Mezcalapa River, with Cimatán (Cunduacán) being the main commercial center of the region.
When the conquest and pacification of Tabasco began, a fierce fight also began with the indigenous people of Cimatán who put up tenacious resistance to the Spanish conquerors.
In 1522, Hernán Cortés sent Captain Luis Marín, who left the town of Espíritu Santo (Coatzacoalcos) on his way to Chiapas, and passing through the Cunduacán region he tried to pacify it without success, as this text from the True History of the Conquest of New Spain, written by Bernal Díaz del Castillo who participated in said expedition:
..."As those of Zimatán did not want to come to the village or obey commandments that sent them, agreed Captain Luis Marin that we were a group of 4 so that we would call them well so that they would not be angry (...) and going to their province we sent messengers and the answer they gave was that they came out to us three squadrons of flecheros and lanceros that to the first flower of arrows killed me True History of the Conquest of New Spain
The Spaniard Rodrigo Rangél carried out a military campaign in 1523, also entering the town of Espíritu Santo (Coatzacoalcos) in the company of Bernal Díaz del Castillo. However, he failed in his attempt to pacify the region. As demonstrated by the following text from the "True History of the Conquest of New Spain"
..."Hernando Cortés sent Captain Rangel to conquer the provinces that were at war, and pointedly those of Zimatán, Copilco and Talatupán and apprehended all the neighbors of the village that we were with the (...) we went with Rangel over 100 soldiers (...) and going on our way to Zimatán that was well populated and found other forces and threw us so much arrow that they killed him Bernal Díaz del Castillo
In 1529 Francisco de Montejo arrived in Tabasco, who began to pacify the province, however, he was unable to pacify the indigenous people of Cimatán.".
In 1545, the town of Santiago Cimatán was founded, which would be the first Spanish town in the region, however, shortly after, this town would be destroyed by the Indians.
It was not until 1560 when the Spanish conquerors finally managed to subdue the brave Cimatecos, who were the last Tabasco residents to surrender to the Spanish.
On September 8, 1625, the current municipal seat of Cunduacán was founded between the towns of Cucultiupa and Cimatán with the name "villa de la Natividad de Cunduacán".
On November 1, 1863, during the French intervention in Tabasco, Colonel Gregorio Méndez Magaña fought the Battle of El Jahuactal in the fields of Cunduacán, achieving a glorious victory over the French interventionist forces, thereby achieving the French troops retreated towards the capital San Juan Bautista, from where months later, they would be expelled.
Illustrious people
- José Eduardo de Cárdenas y Romero:(1765-1821)- Doctor in Theology. As a deputy in the Courts of Cadiz (Spain) he presented a document entitled "Memorias" in which he denounced the abandonment of the Province of Tabasco. Back to Tabasco when Miguel Hidalgo’s independence movement had already exploded, he remained faithful to King Fernando VII. He returned to his native Cunduacán as a vicar in capite of the parish of the Virgin of the Nativity, where he died.
- Agustín Ruíz de la Peña and Urrútia:(1790-1868).- First Constitutional Governor of the State by the Constitution of 1824.
- Manuel Sánchez Mármol:(1829-1912).- Lawyer, writer, journalist and politician. He directed the fight against foreign invasion in favor of the liberal cause, raising the mood of the people with his newspapers: "The Disident" and "The Aztec Eagle". He was secretary general of the government of Colonel Gregorio Méndez; local deputy in the states of Veracruz and Tabasco; Senator and Judge of the High Court of Justice. In 1879 he founded the Juarez de Tabasco Institute (now Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco) as his first director His most outstanding literary works were the novels: "Pocahontas", "Juanita Souza"and..."Antón Pérez".
- Arcadio Zentella Priego:(1844-1920).- Journalist, writer, politician and teacher. He was born on January 12. He fought the empire of Maximilian in the newspapers "El Radical", "La Idea", "La Civilización", "El Democrat" and "Unión Liberal". He is considered a precursor to rural schools in Tabasco, for his work at the head of the State Department of Education. His literary work is vast, highlighting the novel "Perico". He was a professor of physics and chemistry at the Juárez Institute of Tabasco. He died in Mexico City on July 12..
Population
It has a population of 126,416 inhabitants, according to the 2010 INEGI Population and Housing Census, of which 62,368 are men and 64,048 are women.
Physical environment
Municipal limits
It has administrative limits with the following municipalities and/or geographical features, depending on its location:
| Northwest: Comalcalco | North: Comalcalco y Jalpa de Méndez | Northeast: Jalpa de Méndez |
| West: Cárdenas |  | This: Nacajuca and Centro |
| Southwest: Cardenas | South: Centre and Reform (Chiapas) | Sureste: Centre |
Orography
Its soil is formed by the coastal plain of the gulf, it is completely flat, with the highest elevation being 40 m a.s.l. The height of the municipal seat is 10 m a.s.l.
Hydrography
Its hydrography is made up of the rivers: Mezcalapa (which serves as the southern limit with the municipality of Centro), Samaria, Guayabal, Cucuyulapa, Barí, Cunduacán and Tular; and the Cucuyulapa and Ballona lagoons.
The Mezcalapa River forks before reaching the city of Cunduacan and, on the one hand, gives rise to the Carrizal River, which is the one that runs south of Cucuyulapa and enters towards the center, bordering the city of Villahermosa by the west and north side, where it joins the Grijalva River.
With the other part of the Mezcalapa River, the Samaria River is formed, which is the one that crosses federal highway 180, at km 133+200 and enters the vicinity of the municipality of Cunduacán, passing through Cucuyulapa and Cumuapa and then pass through the municipalities of Jalpa de Méndez and Nacajuca.
Climate
The climate is characteristic of the Tabasco plain, warm-humid with abundant rains in summer, normal heat regime; There is an average annual temperature of 26.2 °C, with the maximum monthly average in May being 30.5 °C, and the minimum monthly average in December and January being 22.5 °C, reaching temperatures of 37° in May.
Flora and fauna
Due mainly to extensive livestock farming and agriculture, in the municipality there are no longer areas with original vegetation, with the exception of a small portion of medium evergreen forest adjacent to the municipality of Cárdenas. Currently, the main ecosystems are made up of tulares, popales and riparian zones.
The Chibirital lagoon, populated by abundant hydrophytic flora, is considered an ecological reserve.
Fauna
| List of existing species of Fauna in the municipality | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
The fauna that is still in the municipality is as follows: Common Name Scientific Name Current Status Mammals Tlacuache Didelphimorphia Threatened mapche Nasua Amenazada Birds Zanate Quiscalus mexicanus No Threatened Pijije Dendrocygna autumnalis Amenazada White Garza Casmerodiis albus Not Threatened Pea Cyanocorax Threatened Threatened dove Chachalaca Ortalis vetula Amenazada JOITO in danger of extinction endangered cotorra martin fisherman endangered Bolonchaco almost extinct spring almost extinct Threatened Cocopato Threatened seven threatened prey almost extinct chocolate Owl Threatened jurjul almost extinct pijul Crotophaga sulcirostris Threatened pistoqué Threatened macuco almost extinct axe beak almost extinct agachon Threatened Your Threatened almost extinct close to extinct Tutupana Threatened Yellow fish Pitangus sulphuratus Reptiles Toloques Basiliscus plumifrons Threatened Nauyaca Bothrops Threatened Garrobo Threatened Iguana Amena Threatened lizard Sauyan boa constrictor Threatened Threatened Pochitoque Threatened Turtle | ||||
Flora
The municipality has lake areas, tulares and lands suitable for agriculture and livestock, as well as representative areas of forest resources feasible for use, among which the following stand out:
| List of existing Flora species in the municipality | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Common Name Scientific Name Current Status Macuilli Red Cedrela Cedrela odorota Threatened, Caoba Swietenia macrophilla Threatened, Jobo Spondian mummbin Threatened, Ceiba Ceiba Pentandra Threatened, Blood Croton draco Threatened, Amate Ficus tecolutensis Threatened, Bojon Cordia alliodra Threatened, | ||||
Economy
Primary sector
Agriculture
The municipality of Cunduacán is one of the main cocoa producers in the State, ranking 2nd. state place in terms of cultivated area and production volume; Bananas and sugar cane are also grown; pepper, coconut, corn, beans, orange, and to a lesser extent watermelon and melon.
Livestock
Livestock farming is another important sector in the local economy, with this activity being practiced extensively.
Fishing
This activity is small scale, there are only 2 small lagoons: Ballona and Cucuyulapa; in addition to some bodies of water accumulated in small natural ponds, which allow for self-consumption fishing production.
Secondary sector
It is mainly represented by the oil industry. PEMEX facilities in the municipality cover more than half of the territory and materially surround the municipal seat. The main pipelines are Ciudad Pemex-Coatzacoalcos, and Cactus-Dos Bocas, which cross many communities in the municipality. There are 25 registered corridors with a length of 210+041 km, among which Ciudad Pemex-México, Battery Samaria II- Cárdenas stand out; Dos Bocas-Castaño, Oxiacaque-Iride, Bellota-Jolote-Paredón, which transport natural gas, refined hydrocarbons and oil.
In addition, the following oil facilities are located: Iride II Separation Battery, Samaria II, Samaria Tertiario, Bellote, Cunduacán; and the compression stations: Samaria II, Bellote, and Cunduacán; the Samaria II dehydration plant; trap areas: km 77+100 Río Carrizal D.D.V. C.; Storage, pumping and drainage Cunduacán; and the Samaria water injection plant.
The strategic location of the municipality, in the heart of the oil zone and near the Dos Bocas oil port, has led the State Government to promote the settlement of companies in the municipality, proof of this is the installation of the Industrial Park "Tabasco Business Center", which offers extensive facilities and services for companies that wish to establish themselves.
Tertiary sector
Trade
Organized commerce is integrated into the city with grocery stores, clothing, furniture, footwear, hardware, construction materials, books, etc.
Tourism
Hacienda La Chonita
The hacienda "La Chonita" It dates back to the year 1800 and is a cultural relic due to its antiquity, since it was inhabited by one of the Governors of the state; Don Santiago Cruces Zentella. It has an area of 30 hectares and is considered a must-see within the "Cocoa Route".
Currently offers excursion services for children and young people with information on environmental and life education, we have a chocolate workshop, free golf, learning about the flora and fauna of the cocoa plantations, sale of chocolate and crafts, rental of bikes and kayaks, fishing, accommodation in a rural hostel, camping area and hammocks, tourist information on the Mayan route, guide service in the Archaeological Zone of Comalcalco, Temazcal service, relaxing and reductive massage, food, massage at home, treatment exfoliating facial and body, field activities, family atmosphere. Visit the website: https://web.archive.org/web/20170915191220/http://haciendalachonita.com.mx/
Las Mirandillas Church
The Padre Jesús de Nazaret Temple, popularly known as the Mirandillas Church, is located in the La Piedra ranchería, first section of this municipality, exactly 5 kilometers from the municipal seat, precisely along the road that leads to the Río Seco region, entering through the community of Huacapa and Amestoy. This majestic religious center is characterized by having a large atrium of 80 square meters, from the edge of the road to the main door. It is also unique in this region due to the antiquity and history it preserves. On the façade there is a baroque-type relief, showing the insignia of the Imperial Crown and the date of construction. The main façade is a single body where the lintel access is located, flanked by attached columns with a smooth shaft and Doric capital, topped with pinnacles; Continuing upwards is the choir window with two niches that hold a pedestal and a vent.
The top is a pyramidal back with mixtilinear edges, where there are four pinnacles and, at the top, a pedestal with a wooden cross. The back has three openings, two are on the first level, and another in the upper central part. At the junction formed by the arches of the lower openings, an inscription stands out that says “Year 1724”.
About the history of Las Mirandillas, various historians have agreed that Don Roberto Cárdenas y Breña inherited the farm from his parents back in the year 1748, when it was already built in the region by the The missionaries had many workers distributed throughout the 400 caballerías that made up this property, which is why on Sundays they met to celebrate mass before the patron saint: San Antonio.
Since approximately 1979, the State Government and the municipality have sought to rescue this colonial architecture, unique in this region due to its antiquity and history.
Currently this important historical monument is officially considered by the authorities of the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH), as cultural heritage of the nation.
Church of the Virgin of the Nativity
The Church of the Nativity of Mary was built in 1725, and is located in the center of the city of Cunduacán.
In the municipal seat, there are several monuments, gardens, parks; In the city, the Mural commemorating the Battle of El Jahuactal is located, located on Pedro Méndez street on the corner of 1º deNovember. As well as another mural called "History of Tabasco" located in the Municipal Palace. Both made by the Painter Marcelino Colorado Hernández
Popular Festivals
From May 1 to 5, the municipal fair is held, it is a celebration that lasts approximately 5 to 8 days, gastronomic, livestock and agricultural exhibitions are held. The fair park is filled with rides and various attractions, as well as various stalls selling drinks, food and local crafts. Cultural exhibitions are held such as dances, traditional music groups and also popular music.
On September 8, the Anniversary of the Foundation of Cunduacán is celebrated. On this day, various activities are carried out in the city center, mostly of a cultural nature.
On September 15, Mexican Independence Day is celebrated, people flock to the streets of the city center, which are filled with stalls selling snacks, drinks, mechanical attractions and places to dance. Starting at 6 in the afternoon there is a presentation of dance performances, local artists and guest singers. At midnight, fireworks are set off while the city mayor rings the bells at the municipal palace. The next day, September 16, the civic-military parade takes place where the various schools in the city participate, as well as the police forces, sports associations, and martial arts and charrería associations.
Main locations
- Cunduacán.- Municipal head. It is located the main public buildings of the municipality and state and federal representations. The main economic activities are trade and service. The population is 17,423 and is located 26 km from the state capital.
- Carlos Rovirosa (Tulip).- The main activities are agriculture (cao, orange and sugar cane) and cattle ranching. The population is 9,000 inhabitants and the approximate distance to the municipal header is 10 km.
- 11 February.- The main activity is agriculture (sugar, cocoa, corn and orange). The population is 6,015 inhabitants and The distance to the municipal header is 21 km.
- Huimango Second Section.- The main activity is agriculture. The population is 3,397 inhabitants and the approximate distance to the municipal capital is 8 km.
- Cucuyulapa.- The main activities are agriculture (cacao, banana, papaya) and livestock. The population is 3,111 inhabitants and the approximate distance to the municipal capital is 20 km.
- Freedom.- The main activities are agriculture (cacao, sugar cane, corn and orange) and livestock. The approximate population is 3,183 inhabitants and the approximate distance to the municipal capital is 18 km.
- Gregorio Méndez.- The main activities are agriculture, livestock and the oil industry. The population is 1,923 inhabitants and the distance to the municipal header is 21.5 km.
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