Municipality of Cajeme
The municipality of Cajeme is one of the 72 municipalities that make up the Mexican state of Sonora, located in the south of the state, in the Yaqui Valley region. It has 932 active localities within its territory, its municipal seat and most inhabited locality is Ciudad Obregón, the second largest city in the state, while it has other important settlements such as Esperanza, Pueblo Yaqui, Cócorit, Marte R. Gómez, among others. The municipality was declared as such on November 29, 1927, and its name was chosen in honor of José María Leyva Cajeme, a Yaqui warrior who was a member of the state troops in defense of the Yaqui tribe, against the civilizing process.
According to the Population and Housing Census carried out in 2020 by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), the municipality has a total of 436,484 inhabitants, which makes it the second most populous in Sonora and occupies an area of 4,882.65 km². Its Gross Domestic Product per capita is USD 10,940, and its Human Development Index (IDH) is 0.8636.
Geography
The municipality is located in the south of the state of Sonora, and is located between the parallels 27° 06′ 57″ and 28° 22′ 47″ north latitude and the meridians 104° 35′ 54″ west longitude. The municipal seat is Ciudad Obregón, where most of the population and the greatest economic activity are located; in addition to having five police stations located in Esperanza, Cócorit, Providencia, Pueblo Yaqui and Marte R. Gómez.
The municipality of Cajeme represents 1.7% of the surface of the State and 0.17% of the national territory.
Boundaries
It borders to the north with the municipality of Suaqui Grande, to the northeast with Ónavas, to the east with Rosario and Quiriego, to the southeast with Navojoa, Etchojoa and Benito Juárez, to the west and southwest with Bácum, to the northwest with Guaymas and to the south with the Sea of Cortez (Gulf of California).
| Northwest: Wow. | North: Suaqui Grande | Northeast: Onavas |
| West: Bácum |  | This: Rosario, Quiriego |
| Southwest: Bácum | South: Gulf of California | Sureste: Navojoa, Etchojoa and Benito Juárez |
Topography
Most of the municipality is flat, in the center, south and west is the Yaqui Valley with 106,200 hectares of agricultural land, while to the north is the mountain area.
Hydrography
The municipality is located in the “B” basin of the Yaqui River in hydrological region number 9, the same river supplying the Álvaro Obregón Dam, whose waters are used for urban and agricultural activities.
The Álvaro Obregón Dam, also known as the “Oviachic” (which in the Yaqui language means 'difficult'), is the only one in the municipality, and has a storage capacity of 2,989 million cubic meters.
Climate
The municipality basically has two types of climates: dry and very dry, with an average annual rainfall of 410 millimeters, the first and the second with an average annual rainfall of 299 millimeters. In both types of climate, 73% of the precipitation occurs in the months of June to September.
The following is a table with the climatological normals of the type of climate that predominates in the northern part of the municipality (dry climate). The climatological data correspond to the period from 1981 to 2010 and were compiled from the page of the National Meteorological Service.
Flora
The flora of the municipality of Cajeme is called the piesmonte zone within the geographic subdivisions of the Sonoran Desert (a transition zone between the desert and the low deciduous forest).
A large part of the municipal territory is made up of low deciduous forest, mainly in the northern zone and foothills of the Sierra Madre Occidental. Another large portion is made up of sarco-crasicuale scrub such as cirio, idria, cardón, copalquín, candelilla and agave.
There are also abundant scattered throughout the municipal extension areas of vegetation among which we find the mesquital, palo verde, pitch, palo fierro and huisache.
Wildlife
Reptiles such as coral snakes, rattlesnakes, frogs, bull toads and chicotera snakes abound, as well as some mammals such as coyote, fox, field rat, white-tailed deer and mule deer, hares and rabbits
History
The origins of this municipality date back to the XIX century when agriculture began in the region, with the towns being more old those of Buenavista, Cumuripa and Cócorit.
The territory of the municipality of Cajeme includes part of the territories of the native Yaquis. The region began to be evangelized by Jesuit missionaries from 1617.
The town of Cajeme (today Ciudad Obregón) was a dependency of the municipality of Cócorit. Since November 29, 1927 Ciudad Obregón is the municipal seat of the municipality of Cajeme. The first town hall was installed on January 1, 1928.
It takes its name from José María Leyva Pérez, a warrior and defender of the Yaqui tribe, also known as “the Cajeme Indian or the one who doesn't drink. The Yaqui Warrior, was a member of the troops of the state of Sonora, defender of the Yaqui tribe against the civilizing process. He led the Yaqui tribe in enforcing their rights to these lands. He was born in 1837 and was shot on April 23, 1887.
Demographics
According to the results of the Population and Housing Census carried out in 2020 by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), the total population of the municipality is 436,484 inhabitants, which makes it the second most populous, only after from Hermosillo. Cajeme has a population density of 89.28 inhabitants/km². Of the total population, 214,601 are men and 221,883 are women. In 2020 there were 162,966 homes, but of these 135,744 homes were inhabited, of which 47,512 were headed by a woman. Of the total number of inhabitants, 3,259 people over the age of 3 (0.75% of the municipal total) speak an indigenous language; while 4,366 inhabitants (1%) consider themselves Afro-Mexican or Afro-descendant.
79.48% of the municipality belongs to the Catholic religion, 9.61% is Evangelical/Protestant Christian or of some variant and 0.06% is of another religion, while 10.68% does not profess any religion.
Education and health
According to the 2020 Population and Housing Census; 1,410 children between the ages of 6 and 11 (0.32% of the total), 1,339 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 14 (0.31%), 16,959 adolescents between the ages of 15 and 17 (3.89%), and 21,697 young people between the ages of 18 and 24 (4.97%) do not attend any educational institution. 5,586 inhabitants of 15 years or more (1.28%) are illiterate, 7,226 inhabitants of 15 years or more (1.66%) do not have any degree of schooling, 18,387 people of 15 years or more (4.21%) managed to study primary school but not the completed, 9554 people aged 15 or over (2.19%) started high school without finishing it, with the municipality having a schooling grade of 10.8.
The amount of population that is not affiliated with a health service is 67,319 people, that is, 15.42% of the municipal total, otherwise 84.49% do have either public or private health insurance. In the territory, 25,835 people (5.92%) have some disability or motor limit to carry out their daily activities, while 6,485 inhabitants (1.49%) have some problem or mental condition.
Places
Other locations are: Morelos Dos, Kilometer Nine, Sonora Progresista, Nueva Casa de Teras, Díaz Ordaz, Guadalupe Victoria, Puente de Picos, Campo Veintiocho, Cumuripa, El Henequén, Calle Muerta, La Carabina, Centauro del Norte, Solidaridad, Benito Juárez, El Porvenir, La Ladrillera Canal Alto. among other.
Ethnic groups
| Indigenous languages spoken in the municipality of Cajeme | |
| Language | Speakers |
|---|---|
| Yaqui | 999 |
| Not specified | 924 |
| May | 657 |
| Guarijío | 38 |
| Source: INEGI | |
0.8% of the population over five years of age in Cajeme speaks an indigenous language; this is equivalent in 2005 to a total of 2712 people, being 1537 men and 1175 women; Of this total, 2,593 are bilingual in Spanish, while 1 declared himself monolingual and 118 did not specify this condition.
There is a wide variety of indigenous languages spoken in Cajeme, including some that are not native to this region of Sonora; mainly due to the phenomenon of the migration of agricultural workers from many parts of the country, mainly from the center and southeast, to work on the plantations of the Yaqui Valley and who sometimes stay permanently to reside in the area, even so the representativeness of these languages is very small; The most widely spoken indigenous language is Yaqui with 999 speakers, followed by Mayo with 657 and very far away with Guarijío with 38, followed by very small groups of languages such as Tarahumara with 19 speakers, Nahuatl with 12, Purépecha with 11 and the Zapotec languages with 9 and still others with even fewer speakers, however, there are 924 speakers who do not specify which mother tongue they speak.
Politics
The municipality of Cajeme was created as such on November 29, 1927, being segregated from the territory of the then Municipality of Cócorit. The municipality of Cócorit was in turn suppressed and incorporated into that of Cajeme on December 26, 1930, together with that of Bácum, however, the latter was again segregated from Cajeme on May 13, 1931. In 1937, a decree of the Congress of Sonora definitively established the name of Cajeme for the municipality, pointing out that of Ciudad Obregón for the municipal seat.
The government of the municipality is exercised by the City Council, which is elected by universal, direct and secret vote for a period of three years, which could not be re-elected for the immediate period but not continuously, until the constitutional reform and electoral of 2014 where he can already be re-elected, for up to 3 consecutive periods. The city council is made up of the Municipal President, the trustee and the council made up of six councilors, four elected by majority and two by the principle of proportional representation; all enter to exercise their position on September 16 of the year in which their election took place.
Legislative representation
For the election of local deputies to the Sonora State Congress and federal deputies to the Mexican Chamber of Deputies, the municipality of Cajeme is integrated into the following electoral districts:
Location:
| Local district | Head | Current Member |
|---|---|---|
| XV | Cd Obregón Sur | Iriam Solis Garcia |
| XVI | Cd. Obregón Sureste | Héctor Raul Castelo |
| XVII | Cd. Obregón Centro | Ernestina Castro Valenzuela |
Federal:
| Local district | Head | Current Member |
|---|---|---|
| VI | Ciudad Obregón | Gabriela Martínez Espinoza |
Municipal presidents
| Period | Municipal President | Political party | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1927-1928 | Ignacio Ruiz | ||
| 1928-1929 | Ignacio Mondaca H. | ||
| 1929-1930 | Gustavo Dolores Cuevas | ||
| 1930-1931 | Flavio F. Bórquez | ||
| 1931-1932 | Viviano Martínez | ||
| 1932-1932 | Vicente Mexía L. | ||
| 1932-1933 | Manuel López Rivera | ||
| 1933-1935 | Manuel M. Escamilla | PNR  | |
| 1935-1935 | Antonio Salmón | PNR | |
| 1935-1937 | Matías Méndez Limón | PLM | |
| 1937-1937 | General Francisco Urbalejo | PNR | |
| 1937-1937 | Major Felipe Ruiz | PNR | |
| 16/09/1937-03/04/1938 | Wistano García | PNR | |
| 03/04/1938-15/04/1938 | Felix Verduzco | PRM  | |
| 15/04/1938-28/11/1938 | General Manuel Aguirre | PRM | |
| 29/11/1938-16/09/1939 | Rafael A. Guirado | PRM | |
| 1939-1940 | Ramón M. Real | PRM | |
| 1940-1940 | Ignacio E. García | PRM | |
| 1940-1941 | Faustino Félix Gastélum | PRM | |
| 1941-1943 | Abelardo B. Sobarzo | PRM | |
| 1943-1946 | Profr. Heriberto Salazar S. | PRM | |
| 1946-1949 | Vicente Padilla Hernández | PRI .svg){kind=logo} | |
| 1949-1952 | Gral. Miguel Guerrero Verduzco | PRI | |
| 1952-1955 | Rodolfo Elías Calles | PRI | |
| 1955-1958 | René Gándara Romo | PRI | |
| 1958-1958 | Antonio Valdez C. | PRI | Interino |
| 1958-1961 | J. Encarnación Chávez | PRI | |
| 1961-1964 | Faustino Felix Serna | PRI | |
| 1964-1967 | Ángel López Gutiérrez | PRI | |
| 1967-1970 | Javier Robinson-Bours Almada | PRI | |
| 1970-1970 | Rubén H. Meza | PRI | Interino |
| 1970-1970 | Luis Antillón Peñúñuri | PRI | Interino |
| 1970-1970 | José Romano Félix | PRI | Interino |
| 1970-1972 | Dr. Carlos López Arias | PRI | |
| 1972-1973 | Dr. Alonso Hernando Pola | PRI | |
| 1973-1976 | Rodolfo León Manzo | PRI | |
| 1976-1979 | Dr. Oscar Russo Vogel | PRI | |
| 1979-1982 | Adalberto Rosas López | PANEL .svg){kind=logo} | |
| 1982-1985 | Eduardo Estrella Acedo | PRI | |
| 1985-1988 | Sostenes Valenzuela Miller | PRI | |
| 1988-1991 | Armando Jesús Félix Holguín | PRI | |
| 1991-1993 | Faustino Félix Escalante | PRI | |
| 1993-1994 | Sergio Gastélum de la Vega | PRI | |
| 1994-1997 | Raúl Ayala Candelas | PRI | |
| 1997-2000 | Carlos Javier Lamarque Cano | PRD .svg){kind=logo} | |
| 2000-2003 | Ricardo Bours Castelo | PRI | |
| 2003-2006 | Armando Jesús Félix Holguín | PANEL | |
| 2006-2009 | Francisco Villanueva Salazar | PRI Panal .svg){kind=small} | Alliance PRI Sonora-Panal |
| 2009 | Roberto Zaragoza Félix | PRI Panal | Interino. Alliance PRI Sonora-Panal |
| 2009-2012 | Manuel Barro Borgaro | PANEL | |
| 2012-2015 | Rogelio Díaz-Brown Ramsburgh | PRI | |
| 2015-2018 | Faustino Félix Chávez | PRI | |
| 2018-2021 | Sergio Pablo Mariscal | Brunette  | |
| 2021-2024 | Carlos Javier Lamarque Cano | Brunette |