Moyobamba

Moyobamba (founded as Santiago de los Ocho Valles de Moyobamba on July 25, 1540), is a Peruvian city, capital of the district and province of the same name, located in the Alto Mayo and at the same time it is the capital of the department of San Martín, which belongs to the Northern macro-region of Peru.

It is located at an altitude of 860 meters above sea level. on the eastern slope of the Andes mountain range, in the Alto Mayo valley, an area of yungas.

It was the first city founded by Spaniards in the Peruvian Amazon. Its urban population is around 52,465 inhabitants. in 2017

Since it was founded, Moyobamba was a metropolis from where missionaries, soldiers and merchants left to found towns in the Peruvian Amazon, being the main focus of the successful evangelization of current Eastern Peru.

The name of Santiago de los Ocho Valles de Moyobamba, is due to the eight valleys of the tributaries of the Mayo River: the Yuracyacu River, the Negro River, the Tónchima River, the Indoche River, the Rumiyacu River, the Gera River, the Huascayacu river and the Juningue river.

Its history stands out for the settlement of the department of Loreto and the other areas of the department of San Martín by original inhabitants of the city.

Moyobamba is known as the "City of Orchids", since in its surroundings there are more than 3,500 species of them, that is, 10% of the species described worldwide. This has become one of the most important sources of tourism in that area, which is why Moyobamba celebrates the "Orchid Festival" at the end of October each year.

History

Moyobamba is known to host a variety of native orchids on its outskirts, such as Phragmipedium peruvianum.

Moyobamba Arms Square.

Street in the "Cercado de Moyobamba", in the area of the discos.

Plaza Mayor de Moyobamba at night.

In the history of Moyobamba there is a traditional division in which four eras can be recognized:

Inca times

In the reign of Yáhuar Huácac (the one who cries blood), the Chanca and the Pocras revolted, led by Ancoallo and Astohuanca, in a number of 50 thousand and besieged Cuzco, shaking the government and defeating the Inca, who fled without organizing the defense, but his son Wiracocha (prince of dreams), organized the defense and defeated them by persecuting them tenaciously; the fugitives fled towards the northern jungle, passing through the suspension bridge of Apurímac, then cutting the cables to get rid of their pursuers. They reached the banks of the Mayo River and settled in the plain called "Muyupampa", and others in Lamas, in the place that they named Ancoallo, whose neighborhood exists to date. Later in the year 1447 the Inca Túpac Yupanqui, sent his son Huayna Cápac, to consummate the foundation of the kingdom of the Shikis in Ecuador, bringing many Indians called by the Cusco: Sachapuyos ("sacha" forest, "puyo" cloud) and Muyupampas, some did not want to submit to domination fleeing to the river region of Yaravi and Trapiche, forming the tribe of the Mayorunas.

Viceregal Period

In this the incursion of the Spaniards towards the towns of the jungle was carried out. Captain Alonso de Alvarado led an expedition from Trujillo to Chachapoyas, to found Moyobamba from there, accompanied by 13 soldiers including Juan Pérez de Guevara. But Alvarado failed to fulfill his objective and returned to Chachapoyas, leaving the foundation of Moyobamba in the hands of Juan Pérez de Guevara, whose eldest name was Santiago de los Ocho Valles. During the colony it was a point of convergence and forced passage towards Quito, then it was called the metropolis of Maynas and it became the base of the colonizing missions of the Peruvian jungle. Due to their disputes between the Jesuit and Franciscan missions, the Spanish government suggests the convenience of building the General Command of Maynas with the capital of Moyobamba. In 1746 the population of Moyobamba was relocated 4 km to the east from a place called Ocsapampa due to damage caused by an earthquake. At the end of the 18th century the population of the Moyobamba area was predominantly white, despite active resistance from the Mayoruna ethnic group, who carried out a great massacre of Spanish neighbors in Moyobamba in 1781.

Age of Emancipation

After three centuries of belonging to the Spanish Empire, a certain anti-colonial resistance began to take shape in the area, of external origins. In 1743 the caudillo Juan Santos Atahualpa rebelled, anticipating the uprising of the cacique Túpac Amaru 37 years. One of his sons, Don Pedro Pascasio Noriega, by direct order of the Liberator José de San Martín, started the uprising in Moyobamba, in favor of independence, marching through Cajamarca to Chachapoyas and Moyobamba. On the way, Don Pascasio commits the infidelity of telling the libertarian plans to a Spanish soldier (who pretended to sympathize with the patriots by suspecting his companion), to whom he tells the details and names of the rebels, upon arriving in Moyobamba, the Spanish He captures Pascasio who was shot, along with the patriots betrayed by him, on April 11, 1821 in the Moyobamba parade ground. Then his assets were confiscated, by order of José Bernardo de Tagle and consent of San Martín, as a retaliation.

Republican era

View of Moyobamba Cathedral.

This stage includes from the time when Moyobamba was named capital of the department of Loreto, on January 7, 1861. Later, Iquitos replaced Moyobamba as capital on November 9, 1897. Some time later, on September 4, 1906 the department of San Martín is created, designating the city of Moyobamba as its capital.

Starting in 1830, the consulates of Argentina, Brasilia, Colombia, France, Germany, England and the Netherlands were installed in this city, merits for which it is considered the "Cradle of Eastern Peruvian Culture". ^{[citation required]}

Moyobamba, throughout its historical trajectory, has had the following merits:

• Peruvian Amazon City founded by older Spaniards
• Capital of the Maynas General Command
• Capital of La Provincia Litoral de Loreto.
• Capital of the department of San Martín, to the present day

Contemporary history

After the Viceroyalty, Moyobamba was characterized as a city of tolerance, welcome and welcome to numerous minority groups throughout its history, between 1860 and 1870, it received several Ashkenazi Jewish families, and at the same time it received a number of settlers called “Shilicos”, as the Sephardic Jews who previously settled in the Andean region of Cajamarca were known and who were expelled by the local population and clergy.

Since 1853 remnants of numerous Austrian and German families decimated by failed immigration programs in the central jungle, arrived in Moyobamba.

Also between 1860 and 1880, the city and the surrounding area received numerous Chinese fugitives or freed from slavery from the Peruvian coast, who brought rice cultivation to the area and added it to the gastronomy.

In 1898, Emilio de Vizcarra declared himself “Supreme Chief of the Jungle Nation”, placing abusive authorities throughout Maynas and in the Military Maritime Department of Loreto. In 1900, the Creole, foreign, Spanish and aboriginal population of Moyobamba rose up in arms against the abuses of General Emilio de Vizcarra; On February 27, 1900, Vizcarra went to Moyobamba to appease the population, but he was assassinated by a woman from the contingent of Lamista Indians named Tapullima, ending Vizcarra's uprising against the Peruvian government of Augusto B. Leguia..

In 1920, citizens of Armenian and Greek origin arrived in the city fleeing a genocide in Turkey^{[citation needed]}, and Italian residents fleeing the effects of World War I^{[citation needed]}. At this same time, the first English evangelical missionaries and their families arrived, including Annie Soper, who would become a symbol of charity and humanitarian work when an epidemic of dysentery and smallpox afflicted Moyobamba between 1921 and 1922.

In 1922, the city became one of the urban battle centers, typical of guerrilla warfare during the Guillermo Cervantes Revolution, confronting soldiers, rebels, and civilians, causing innumerable casualties.

In the first decades of the XX century, Moyobamba, as well as numerous cities and towns in the Huallaga river basin, faced a massive depopulation due to the rubber fever in the relatively new city of Iquitos, thus passing the city through a period of cultural, economic and social decline, where the urban population of the city went from 44,000 inhabitants in 1897 to almost 8,000 in 1940.

At the end of 1940, refugees from World War II arrived in the city, among them Poles and Serbs^{[citation needed]}; Likewise, settlers of Japanese origin settled in Lima arrived, after attacks and a policy against them were unleashed due to the union of Peru with the Allies in World War II.

Between 1967 and 1968, Moyobamba was interconnected by land with the rest of the nation, through the current Fernando Belaúnde Terry highway.

In the 1970s, Moyobamba received a large number of refugees from former European and mestizo landowners from the Huallaga river basin as well as from the department of Amazonas who lost their territorial possessions due to the Agrarian Reform of then President Juan Velasco Alvarado; Subsequently, a fluid number of migrants from the coast and the Andes arrive in the city, especially from the north.

Since 1987, due to the serious spiral of violence that is experienced in other areas of the country, and to which Moyobamba remains almost immune, several contingents of displaced persons arrive in the city; Crowded with them and with few housing projects to accommodate them, urban density and overcrowding skyrocketed, generating supply problems that fortunately did not lead to social conflicts.

On May 29, 1990, a 6.9-magnitude earthquake surprised the city, unprepared for intense telluric events, leaving 17 dead, 180 injured and 12,000 homeless; Likewise, the destruction of numerous buildings of architectural value, including the Catholic Cathedral of Santiago Apóstol, the churches of Sagrado Corazón and that of Zaragoza, public administrative buildings, educational centers and damage to the electricity and drinking water systems; in some areas the phenomenon of liquefaction was evidenced.

On April 4, 1991, two new strong earthquakes left 11 dead, 156 injured and 20,000 homeless, the collapse of more emblematic buildings and irreparable damage to the city's architecture.

On January 10, 1993, the city was fiercely besieged for the first time in its history by approximately 1,000 terrorists from the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) armed group, using weapons of war, including machine guns and mortars, charges of dynamite, and car bombs, which blocked five accesses to the city, and clashed in different neighborhoods against the Peruvian Armed Forces and elements of the National Police; During the event, 9 policemen died, more than 6 terrorists (some sources mention up to 30), 2 soldiers from the Rioja Military Base, 4 soldiers from the Tarapoto detachment, and two soldiers from the Moyobamba Infantry, in addition to an undetermined number of civilians. including two men after the explosion of a bank branch of the Banco de Crédito del Perú, and a woman who took refuge behind a wall in the southern part of the city. Dozens of people were injured. Several banking agencies, as well as shopping centers and public institutions were dynamited.

In 1998, the last devastation of terrorism took place in the area, this time with attacks directed against high-voltage towers and electrical power substations that left the city without electrical service on multiple occasions.

Between 1999 and 2000, the city faced a policy of transferring administrative and governmental activities to Tarapoto, 80 km to the SE; situation that ended in a social conflict with riots that left a fatality, several injuries, economic losses, destruction of the Regional Government premises in Moyobamba, looting, road blockades, and given the risk of dismemberment of the region into independent entities one of the other; the situation would be resolved in 2006 with the return of the headquarters of state entities to the city.^{[citation required]}

Demographics

The Province of Moyobamba has a population of mixed characteristics, being most of its population mestizo (local and immigrant) and of Iberian origin (Spanish). Moyobamba has an important part of the population of indigenous origins (Aguaruna, Quechuas, Jeberos), as well as descendants and Portuguese, German, Croatian, Chinese, and Polish elements, who have integrated into society creating a unique and rich local culture, being one of the regional capitals with the greatest ethnic and ethnic-religious diversity in the country. As of August 2017, up to approximately 1,500 Venezuelan and Haitian refugees have settled in the city. The unique ethnic variety of the city has created a local culture rich in cuisine and culture. The Asians brought with them the massification of rice, the Brazilians the popular "farinha" In addition to the popular "donuts", the Italians the popularity of grapes, the Germans omelettes and Syrian-Lebanese the popularity of yogurt and cheese.

• Mestizos: Population resulting from the mixture of amerindio with Spanish.
• Spanish: Moyobamba, is the Peruvian city of La Selva with a strong Spanish presence in its population, in this group it is attached to the Creoles, direct descendants of Spanish colonizers
• Amerindians: Includes native populations living in the city, including 65% of Awajun origin and 25% of Quechua origin, some small groups of Chayahuitas, Huamisa, among others.
• Caucasians: Citizens of origin and descendants of Italians, Germans, Serbs, Poles, Austrians, English and French are also included small groups of Armenian, Greek, Croatian and Syrian-Lebanese-Palestinian descent. At least 03 mayors of Moyobamba had Syrian-Lebanese origins.
• Asian: They are the descendants and citizens of mainly Chinese origin of Shandong and Fujian, also a small group of Japanese origin, especially the Asian slaves who fled the Peruvian coast in 1944.
• Other: Also a small Afro-Peruvian community and Haitian refugees. Acá also includes a presence of Colombians, Venezuelans and Chileans who have increased considerably in recent years.

Religion

• Catholic Christianity 63%
• Protestant Christianity 19%
• Agnosticism / Atheism 12%
• Orthodox Christianity 4%
• Bahá'í, Animism, Islam, Other 2%

Moyobamba, is after Lima and Trujillo the city with the highest proportion of atheists and agnostics nationwide, it is also after Lima, Christianity is the majority religion, they coexist with some. There is evidence of a high proportion of atheists and people who practice shamanism. It should be noted that more than half of the contingent of evangelical Lutheran Protestant Christians are immigrants from the Andes, in addition there is a tiny Orthodox Christian community of the Armenian and Greek rites that celebrate Christmas on January 6 and 7 respectively.^{[citation required]}

Timeline

• In 1400-1490, the area of Moyobamba was the centre of clashes of local tribes against the expansion of Chachapuyas and later Inca.
• On 25 July 1540the city of Moyobamba is founded with the name “Santiago de los Ocho Valles”.
• 1802: A great fire destroys the Moyobamba Cathedral.
• On 19 August 1821, the Proclamation of Independence in Moyobamba is carried out, the city by the principle of the "Self-determination of the peoples" adheres to the Republic of Peru, against the desires of some politicians to join the one that was the "Gran Colombia".
• On 25 September 1822, civil conflict in Moyobamba for the arrival of armed remnants of the Crown of Spain, many killed, shot, fires and destruction of the Palace of Sanchez Rangel; the Arab-Ecuadorian Lieutenant Damián Najar with the support of the population finally take the political control of the city, finally eliminating the Spanish forces.
• On 20 May 1842the authorities of Moyobamba declare their desire to remain part of Peru, thus opposing Ecuador's pretensions on the Maynas territories.
• July 04, 1857, The Department of Amazonas, heir to the Maynas Command, is dismembered, dividing between Amazonas and the Litoral province of Loreto, Moyobamba is declared the capital of the latter.
• In the year of 1859 the wise Antonio Raimondi first visited Moyobamba, after ten years (1869) he returned to visit her.
• 7 January 1861, the coastal province of Loreto, is recognized as the Military Maritime Department, having as its capital Moyobamba.
• On 7 February 1866, President Mariano Ignacio Prado, creates the department of Loreto, having as provinces Moyobamba, Huallaga, Alto Amazonas and Bajo Amazonas.
• On 25 May 1880, the Moyobambino Marine Guard Emilio San Martín Peña, dies in heroic action, in the Battle of Callao, on board the Independence ship.
• 1896: Insurrection throughout Loreto, due to the abandonment of the Peruvian authorities; many dead and clashes.
• 9 November 1897As a result of Loreto's insurrection, Iquitos replaces Moyobamba as the capital of Loreto's department, in full rubber fever. Loreto becomes the Federal State of Loreto, for independent purposes.
• 1889: The first National College is founded in the Amazon: Colegio "San José", today Serafín Filomeno.
• On 22 May 1899, Colonels Eduardo Jessup and Emilio Vizcarra with military forces take over the Federal State of Loreto, and after a massive conflict they again achieve their subordination to Peru, yet once the forces of Vizcarra are tuned, they form a counterrevolution, creating a new sovereign state "The Forestry Nation", not recognized at that time by another State. The abuses and excesses against the civilians of the new country caused the population to rise against the new authorities.
• On 27 February 1900, Vizcarra is killed in Moyobamba after a civil revolt; dead Vizcarra, the region is again integrated into the Republic of Peru.
• September 4, 1906, the department of San Martín is created; being designated as capital to the city of Moyobamba.
• 29 May 1990 - 04 April 1991: The strongest earthquakes since its foundation. A total of 03 earthquakes in 11 months, and hundreds of replicas destroy much of the city's valuable historical infrastructure. Mansions with balconies, red tile roofs with internal patios and tiles disappear.
• January 1993: For the first time, Moyobamba is experiencing two serious terrorist attacks by MRTA, which are causing many victims (10 civilians, 14 police and 04 terrorists), are dynamined banking agencies, police headquarters and the Telecommunications office, as well as high-voltage power towers. Outside the East of the city (Pabloyacu-Marona) a confrontation between the military and the police against subversives leaves 21 dead.
• June 24, 2017, entered the Guinness Book of World Record, such as the largest Peruvian folk dance in the world (The Gang)

Toponymy

The origin of the name of the city of Moyobamba comes from the Quechua conjunctions “Muyu” which literally means “circular” and “Pampa” which means “plain”, being a name coined long before its Spanish foundation by the local Amazon tribes. With the flight of the Pocras and Chancas from the Inca domain, the settlement was achieved in these places and different settlements were created throughout the main cities of the San Martín Region. After its Spanish foundation on July 25, 1540, the city was baptized as "Santiago de los Ocho Valles de Moyobamba", and in itself, the conjugated term "Moyobamba" refers to the circular reddish clay plateau on which stands the city area.

Neighborhoods

The city of Moyobamba has four well-defined traditional neighborhoods: Zaragoza, Lluillucucha, Calvario and Recodo or Belén, each with its own sectors. Each neighborhood has its history:

• Barrio de Calvario: According to old accounts he bears the name of Calvary because in that place during the colony there was a lagoon at the end of the city with a stone in the center where they punished those sentenced to death. To move them to that place they had to go through this neighborhood and the people exclaimed: “They take him to his calvary.”

• Barrio de Zaragoza: the name of this neighborhood is given in honor of the Spanish city of Zaragoza (capital of Aragon), because the Spanish put names in remembrance to their great homeland: Spain. In the conquered villages the Spaniards left traces awarding names of cities of their country; the name of the Barrio de Zaragoza is one of those cases.

The popular comment is said to be^{[chuckles]Who?]} This neighborhood was the preferred place where the Spanish conquerors established and at a certain time a beautiful lady named “Sara” was having fun and a Spanish galan lover throws her a pyropo saying: “Sarita, you enjoy well” and there the name “Zaragoza”. In fact, the name derives from the Latin “Caesárea Augusta” as the current city of Zaragoza (Spain) was founded in honor of César Augusto, Roman emperor.

• Lluyllucucha district: It is a word that comes from two Quechuas voices: “Lluillu”, which means deer, and “Cucha”, which means cocha or lagoon; hence the name that means lagoon where the deer drinks.

It is known from historical accounts that this sector was an immense mountain with large trees and tupidated vegetation in which there was no presence of human groups, only wild animals, especially the veins that satiated their thirst in a lagoon.

• Neighborhood of Bethlehem or Recodo: its name comes from elbow or angle that formed the roads of horseshoe to the city of Rioja. In this neighborhood was formed a sector called Recodillo, due to a ravine that cut the street “25 May” (Locally: Jiron 25 May) and today the neighborhood is best known as Bethlehem, because the head of a statue of the Virgin Mary was found on Christmas day.

Geography

Moyobamba is located in the northeastern Amazon region of Peru, on a wide valley called Alto Mayo. On the east and west flanks of the Valley rise Amazonian mountain ranges that allow the city to have some of the most pleasant climates in the entire Peruvian jungle despite being close to the planet's equator. Its geographical location means that humidity is high and that cyclical rainfall is vital for the rest of the region because the massive deforestation process has altered microclimates and watersheds.

The city, like the entire Department of San Martín and in general throughout Peru, is located in an active seismic zone. Successive earthquakes have damaged Moyobamba, Rioja, Tarapoto, Lamas, Saposoa, Juanjuí and Tocache on several occasions, the most representative being those of 1746, 1879, 1906, 1928, 1945, 1954, 1968, 1972, 1990, 1991 and 2005. Compared to the other areas of the region, Moyobamba suffers low intensity floods, due to its geographical layout that varies from a clayey plateau where the old town is located to the elevated and rocky flat areas where the city expands.

	North: Yantalo District
West: District of Rioja		This: Marona
Southwest: Indañe	South: Jepelacio District

Climate

Moyobamba has a tropical climate of rainy, semi-warm and humid savannah, the temperature varies between 14 °C (minimum) and 30 °C (maximum), with an average temperature of 22 °C throughout the year. On some nights in Moyobamba it is colder.

Record temperatures in Moyobamba: 14 °C minimum and 30 °C maximum.

Average Moyobamba climate parameters
Month	Ene.	Feb.	Mar.	Open up.	May.	Jun.	Jul.	Ago.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Annual
Average temperature (°C)	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	29	29	29	29	29	28.4
Average temperature (°C)	22.2	22.7	22.9	22.9	23.2	22.6	22.5	21.4	22.6	23.1	23.3	24.4	22.8
Temp. medium (°C)	17	18	18	17	17	16	16	16	16	17	18	18	17
Total precipitation (mm)	139	135	169	152	77	72	57	66	107	127	131	112	1344
Source No. 1: The Weather Network
Source No. 2: climate-data.org

Environmental issues

The environmental management of the city has faced the accumulation of garbage in various parts of the city, and generating notable visual and soil contamination. The result is a serious blow to environmental ethics, this being the one that provides an ecological city profile. The problem generally occurs in informal human settlements and markets like the one in Ayaymaman. In downtown areas, some people throw garbage on the ground without apparent concern despite the fact that there is a law that prohibits it. In other minor cases, they seem to ignore the bins, which are within easy reach, and dump the trash on the ground anyway. In markets, the presence of illegal dumping is another problem.

The government and various environmental organizations in Moyobamba began disseminating environmental education among citizens and gradually obtained beneficial results with little impact. However, garbage (generally piled up in mounds) still appears in various parts of the city, due to the lack of environmental culture in most citizens.

Noise pollution caused by its noisy public transport also seriously affects the city, and has always been tolerated by ignoring the alarms despite increasing in intensity in recent years. The frenetic urban noise of up to 115 decibels exceeds the desirable level (50 dB) indicated by the World Health Organization and, therefore, makes Moyobamba the noisiest city in San Martín.

Heritage

One of the tips in the city of Moyobamba.

Entrance to the Punta de Tahuisco de Moyobamba.

• Las Puntas: the uneventh in which Moyobamba is located (96 meters above the level of the Río Mayo) allows the natural existence of several street endings in high places where you can appreciate idyllic landscapes, which bear the name of Puntas. Among the highlights are Punta de Tahuishco, Punta de San Juan, Punta de Doñe and Punta de Fachín.
• Gera Falls: located just 1 hour from the city of Moyobamba in the district of Jepelacio, humid, tropical, at a height of 1.025 m. n. m.; that cataract has three impressive waterfalls, from a height of 120 meters, crystal clear waters that flow from the river Gera, on a rocky bed in the middle of an abundant vegetation with wood species, plants of the area, orchids and bromelias. These cataracts play an important role in tourism and is considered one of Peru's most beautiful natural resources.
• Lahuarpía Falls: on the hills of the village center Lahuarpía 25 km from the city of Moyobamba at a height of 800 m. n. m. Its waters come from the ravine of Plantanoyacu. The cataracts are made up of four waterfalls, finding the first one about 15 meters on foot. The falls of the waters when precipitating generate a pleasant spectacle at sight. The fall of these waters will vary from 30 to 50 meters.

• Morro de Calzada: located 8 km from the city of Moyobamba, the Moyobamba Moro is an imposing and huge hill separated from the mountain range of the eastern mountain range, at an altitude of approximately 600 meters above the level of the valley. It is a natural panoramic viewpoint of 360 degrees, of pyramidal morphology of calcareous conformations, with a rainforest climate, with temperatures tempered by the day and cold in the nights, it has its own ecosystem, varied in flora, fauna and climate according to the altitude. To get to the top, you can access through an easy-to-access horseshoe road surrounded by a forested vegetation and an impressive and imposing landscape, you can also appreciate water slopes that emerge from the area of the Moor. The Moor of Calzada can be appreciated from the city of Moyobamba.

Port in the Río Mayo in Moyobamba.

• Thermal Baths of San Mateo: 5 km from the city of Moyobamba at an altitude of 945 msnm; thermal waters with a water temperature ranging from 32 to 42 °C, mineral crystal clear waters with therapeutic properties.

• Sulfurous Baths of Oromina: 8 km from the city of Moyobamba on the skirts of the hill of the same name. They are formed by two natural pools of sulfurous waters that emerge from the subsoil. They are known for their therapeutic and healing properties, especially for skin diseases and the digestive system. 200 meters from the pozas it is possible to enjoy the waters of the Asnacyacu waterfall.
• Paccha Falls: 19 km from Moyobamba, located in the village center Nuevo San Miguel-Distrito de Jepelacio, has a unique beauty and a picturesque landscape, these cataracts are made up of several waterfalls that form a lot of swimming pools ideal for bathing.
• Orquideario wakanki: It is a Private Reserve, located 3 km from Moyobamba in the San Martin Region, next to the Mishquiyaquillo ravine and contains a great biological variety and facilities for bird watching. It is located at a height of 980 meters and following the trout of Misquiyaquillo, it is possible to reach 1,200 m. n. m..

Patron Saint

The patron saint of Moyobamba is Santiago Apóstol.

Moyobambina customs

• Carnival Moyobambino of fits, ducks and colors.
• Holy Week: Moyobamba is characterized by being a very religious city, celebrating with great fervor the Holy Week that takes place in April with the practice of religious ceremonies such as Masses, Velaciones, Procesiones, etc.

• Corpus Christi: The festival is celebrated in the month of May in which the people by tradition gathers in the main square of the city, to participate in religious activities, tombolas and vintages of traditional foods and drinks offered by neighbors, groups or clubs, the same ones that put the whole case to offer the best.

• Tourist Week: Institutionalized celebration for many years and which is held from 23 to 30 June of all years, where cultural, social, seamstress activities take place as the choice of Queens of Beauty, social and coastal parties, arrangement of the city with ornaments, tours to tourist places, candles, contests festivals, corsos and other interesting activities that make tourists and locals enjoy the fullness of a jungle celebration with the details In most of these days it is useful to eat the typical Juanes in all their varieties and taste the diversity of regional drinks.

• Pattern Santiago and Anniversary of Moyobamba: popular and patronal party of the city of Moyobamba which is held on 25 July of all years. Like the Fiesta de San Juan, the Patrón de Santiago party is full of folklore and tradition, where the typical meals such as the Juanes are present, the drinks like the wheat flour chicha, the gangs and the court of humishas, as well as the burning of fireworks, candles and procession.

Bulevar 110 and the godfather, located by the tip of Tahuishco, Moyobambina fun center.

• Festival de la Orquídea: the first week of the month of November (1 and 4), where besides exhibiting the great variety of orchids, which counts this part of the Country, events of a scientific nature are carried out parallel as talks, seminars, which are carried out by authorities in this field.
• Book Festival: The festival is held in the month of November, where various Amazonian, national and international texts are presented. It has the participation of distinguished writers and exhibitors.

Typical dances and dances

• La Pandilla: coastal dance of the region and at the same time representative, danced mainly at the fiestas of San Juan and San Pedro.
• La Cuadrilla: traditional dance danced when starting a party in the antiquity.
• Dance of the Izana: represented the tribute offered by the inhabitants to the Cañabrava whose material is used for the construction of houses, fences, etc.

Gastronomy

• Rice Juane: made from rice, egg, meat (chancho/gallina), right of the region, the wrap is made from bijao, moored with banana rope called cacpa.
• Juane de chonta: based on peanuts and corn, chonta (yuca), egg, paiche (small of the area) and condiments with the same wrapping of the other juanes (there are two types, one sailing juane and the other is yuca juane, or the hard part of the chonta).
• Juane de yuca: based on yuca molida, fish or meat of rubber with culantro, shuca culantro, garlic and other condiments, its wrap is equal to that of the other juanes
• Avispa juane: rice-based, ground meat, eggs and chicken meat.
• Tacacho with cecina: roasted green plantain and machacado and chancho cecina.
• Poroto Shirumbe: duckitas de chancho, bejol, yuca, rice and its condiments to taste.
• Iron chip: drink made with fig and so on.

Economy

The former Supermarket Omegaplaza that was replaced with “Wintac”.

First Hypermarket in the San Martín Region.

Moyobamba has a stable economy, middle class, (affluent) class, from the old white, mestizo and Creole inhabitants until now, the immigrants are mostly Andean (region of the sierra) from them the middle class comes to Get off in Moyobamba. The minuscule Armenian, Jewish and Chinese presence in the city maintains the highest education rate and economic ranking of the place and the region in general.

Cinerama Plaza Moyobamba.

In addition, Moyobamba is a great economic option for the growth of small supermarkets because it is a large city, it is a city where gigantic amounts of people travel to the coast just to buy in large hypermarkets such as Ripley, Plaza Vea, Tottus, Saga Falabella, Piers, etc. Which was taken advantage of by the majority investors, thus building large supermarkets in the city, one of them is O-Mega Plaza Moyobamba and TOTTUS-Hiperbodega precio uno Moyobamba considered the largest in the entire San Martín Region, Moyobamba also has a Strip Center called Cinerama Plaza, the only cinema in Alto Mayo.

Transportation

In addition to the arteries of the city, Moyobamba communicates with all its districts and populated centers through various routes, mostly dependent on the “Marginal de la Selva” highway, also called Fernando Belaúnde Terry.

• Carretera Fernando Belaúnde Terry who communicates it directly with Rioja, the Andes, Ecuador and the coast to the west and with Tarapoto, Juanjuí and the regions of Loreto, Huánuco and Brazil.
• Carretera via Soritor-Rodríguez de Mendoza-Chachapoyas, in project and that will communicate it directly with the capital of the department of Amazonas.
• Road to Balsapuerto-Yurimaguas, in project, and that will communicate it directly with the low forest of Loreto not recommended by the deforestation that it would cause.
• Road to San José de Sisa, paved and finished. It helps to better articulate communication in the region.
• Direct road to Lamas, in early completion.
• Roads, roads and local horseshoes that communicate it with communities populated by Amazon tribes, with local communities and with new communities of migrant peasants.
• Altomayo National Airport (in construction), 1 Time of Lima City
• Port of Moyobamba communicates directly the cities of the left margin of the Alto Mayo with the city of Moyobamba, is commonly used for the export of products, the transport of people and ecotourism.

Citizen security

Currently, citizen security in Moyobamba is among the most important urban priorities due to tourism growth, and it maintains a medium to good security status. Homicide cases are very low, and the index clarifies that crimes against heritage are more present as pickpockets and motorcycle thieves.

The Municipal Police of Moyobamba administers the organizations' compliance, which depends on the Citizen Security Sub-Management of the Provincial Municipality of Moyobamba (MPM). Moyobamba has three police stations that serve the entire metropolitan area. The Citizen Security Sub-Management of the Moyobamba district has 120 people, including operational and administrative personnel. In addition, it has 254 police officers and 44 police vehicles, including 50 motorcycles. The Moyobamba serenazgo has 3 vehicle units to monitor the city and the Moyobamba surveillance center equipped with 23 GPS surveillance cameras.

Regarding police actions, the Spider Web Plan is a “motorized patrol system” designed by the Ministry of the Interior and the Peruvian National Police. On October 4, 2012, the Regional Committee for Citizen Security announced a strategic alliance with the National Police of Peru to increase citizen security on the streets by increasing patrols and motoring 24 hours a day.

Crime

According to statistics from the Provincial Municipality of Moyobamba in 2011, 39% of the Moyobamba population considers the city "somewhat unsafe", with 22% stating that security is "somewhat safe", while 6.5% consider it " very safe.” Until 2011, the homicide rate dropped to 10 cases. The police try to block the escape routes that criminals choose to move to other districts of San Martín.

Education

At the educational level, the planning of educational actions, execution, administration and control are the responsibility of the Moyobamba Local Educational Management Unit (UGEL-M), based in the city of Moyobamba.

The educational system has four levels: initial, primary, secondary and higher, in addition to the modalities of occupational and special education.

Initial education

• Colegio San Pablo
• 091 My world of fantasy
• 172 María Encarnación Loja Vásquez
• 00479 Juan Climaco Vela Reyes
• Christian School Annie Soper
• I.E.P. Lord of Forgiveness
• 174 Child Jesus of Prague

Primary education

• 00475 María Lizarda Vásquez López
• 00474 Germán Tejada Vela
• 00874 San Juan de Maynas
• 00479 Juan Climaco Vela Reyes
• 00491 Monsignor Martin F. Elorza Legaristi
• 00872 Oscar Rengifo Hidalgo
• Christian School Annie Soper
• I.E.P. Lord of Forgiveness
• 00594 María Encarnación del Águila Sanchéz

Secondary education

• Colegio de Alto Rendimiento de San Martín (COAR-SM)
• 00474 Germán Tejada Vela
• 00874 San Juan de Maynas
• Ignacia Velásquez
• Philomene Snake
• Christian School Annie Soper
• I.E.P. Lord of Forgiveness
• Ceba Serafín Filomeno
• Jesús Alberto Miranda Calle-Areas Técnicas
• 00594 María Encarnación del Águila Sanchéz
• AMAE

Higher education

• SENTATI-Moyobamba Professional Training Centre
• ISFERG
• Instituto de Educación Superior Tecnológico Público Alto Mayo in order to become the Technological University of Alto Mayo-UTAM
• Universidad Nacional de San Martín (Faculty of Ecology)
• Universidad César Vallejo
• Universidad Alas Peruanas
• Minor and Major Seminar - Moyobamba Prelature
• Instituto de Educación Superior Tecnológico Privado Moyobamba
• Second
• Instituto de Educación Superior Privado San Ignacio de Pedralbes
• Instituto de Educación Superior Privado TECSEL
• Escuela de Educación Superior Público Pedagógico Generalísimo José de San Martín

Special education

• Special Education Institution No. 00002

Sports

Football

Football Clubs
Equipment	Foundation	Stadium	League
AD Tahuishco	25 July 1982	IPD of Moyobamba	Copa Perú
Atletic Bethlehem	20 April 1960	IPD of Moyobamba	Copa Perú
Emilio San Martín	25 May 1927	IPD of Moyobamba	Copa Perú
Sergeant Lores	13 March 1964	IPD of Moyobamba	Copa Perú

Interior of Moyobamba IPD Stadium.

IPD Regional Stadium in San Martín, located in the neighborhood of Zaragoza.

Soccer is one of the most popular sports in the city of Moyobamba, the city also has a soccer team, Atlético Belén, which is based at the IPD Stadium in Moyobamba, participated in two seasons in the First Division.

Sports venues

• IPD Stadium of Moyobamba: Football, athleticism (10.000 spectators).
• Coliseum Closed Ayaymama of Moyobamba: Futsal, athletics, Voley, basketball. (6,000 viewers).
• Sports areas Serafín Filomeno: Football, athletics, Voley, basketball, swimming.

Communication companies

TV signals

Television in Moyobamba is the main means of communication. It reaches all homes, both urban and rural. By the end of 2011, 2 transmission stations had already been created for the regional viewer. In the different channels there are exponents of most of the genres and television formats.

The television channels in the town are: In Free VHF Signal:

• Channel 02: Interactive TV, movie channel, on request. It also leaves at Cable Moyobamba on Channel 92.
• Channel 4: Moyobamba Televisión, located in the old street of commerce of that town, also works Station C La Radio. Both media are owned by Mr. Porfirio Centurión Tapia.
• Channel 6: Ebenezer Television.
• Channel 8: ATV (repetition of the Lima signal).
• Channel 10: TV Peru (repeader of the Lima signal).
• Channel 12: Global Network (Lima Signal Repeater).

In Cable Cable World:

• Channel 14: Royal TV, a 24-hour advertising channel, also features a news space at night.
• Channel 15: Selva Television, channel with varied programming, emits original series proper of the channel, news, movies, series of other companies and Reality Shows, is issued by the diffusing company Cable Moyobamba.
• Channel 16: E fakeR TV, music channel and programming based on news and reporting.
• Channel 18: Atmosphere TV, a news channel, entertainment and musical in Moyobamba.
• Channel 17: Bethel TV, channel with a varied programming, has a news space, a dialogue space on the city's problems, film presentation, series of other chains. Its transmission is by the diffusing company Cable Moyobamba.
• Channel 18: Union TV, exclusive news channel, with information both local, regional, national and international, its transmission starts at 6 o'clock and ends at 0 o'clock.
• Channel 19: La Tele (Repetidora de la ciudad de Lima).
• Channel 20: TV Cinema, channel with news programming and premiere movies.
• Channel 21: Genius TV, channel with varied programming, has news spaces, and films, is owned by Genesis Tuesta Vela.
• Channel 22: Planeta TV, channel focused on revaluing the customs, typical characters, tourist places and events that happen every day in the city of Moyobamba, we have information blocks that spread in various schedules of the programming, series, drawings in a very well structured programming, with timetables of start and end of each sequence and of the advertising tandas, is the only channel in the common San Martín Region that has
• Channel 23: Antena Televisión, channel with varied programming, has news spaces, spaces of dialogue with both local and regional authorities, Talk Shows programs, and varied films, its transmission starts at 5 a.m. with the news and ends at 12 p.m. with “La Banca 13” (Talk Show).
• Channel 24: W TV (Wilson TV), channel with unique programming of movies and news space. It is only available in the diffusing company Cable Moyobamba.
• Channel 24: Activate Television, Channel with youth programming or lighthouse, only available in the diffusing company Cable Moyobamba.
• Channel 64: EWTN Eternal Word Television Network and Canal San Gabriel (repeated from the main signal of the United States), Sundays present the Holy Mass live from the Cathedral of Santiago Apostle (Moyobamba).
• Channel 84: Bethel Television, evangelical religious channel.

Radio Signs

Within this list, a large number of radio systems of local and national transmission are mentioned. Currently, the companies in the town are:

In AM:

• 1250 kHz: EWTN Radio.

On FM:

• 88.3 MHz: Radio La Karibeña (Emisora with national coverage - Repeater of the city of Lima).
• 88.9 MHz: Radio Panamericana (Emisora with national coverage - Repetition of the city of Lima).
• 90.1 MHz: Radio Latina.
• 92.3 MHz: Radio Atmosphere.
• 92.9 MHz: Interactive Radio.
• 93.7 MHz: Radio Selva.
• 94.5 MHz: Radio Bethel (Emisora with national coverage - Repeater of the city of Lima).
• 95.1 MHz: Radio Leader.
• 95.7 MHz: Radio Nacional del Perú (Emisora with national coverage - Repetidora de la ciudad de Lima).
• 96.3 MHz: Radio Programs of Peru (Emisora with national coverage - Repeater of the city of Lima).
• 96.9 MHz: Radio María (Emisora with national coverage - Repeater of the city of Lima).
• 97.5 MHz: Radio La Zona (Emisora with national coverage - Repeater of the city of Lima).
• 98.1 MHz: Radio Exitosa (Emisora with national coverage - Repeater of the city of Lima).
• 99.1 MHz: Select Radio.
• 100.7 MHz: Radio Candela.
• 101.7 MHz: Radio Stereo TV.
• 102.3 MHz: Tropical Radio.
• 103.5 MHz: Radio Ebenezer.
• 104.7 MHz: Radio Fuego.
• 106.3 MHz: Station C La Radio.
• 106.9 MHz: Radio La Ribereña (Emisora with national coverage - Local signal).
• 107.3 MHz: Radio Sensation.

Twinned cities

• Toledo, Spain.
• Bilbao, Spain.
• Iquitos, Peru.
• Arequipa, Peru.
• Loja, Ecuador.
• Manaus, Brazil.