Mostoles

Móstoles is a Spanish municipality and town in the Community of Madrid. It is the twenty-seventh most populous municipality in the country and the second in the Community, only surpassed by the capital, Madrid. In 2021 it had 209,639 inhabitants.

The municipality is located 18 km southwest of the center of the city of Madrid, in the metropolitan area of Madrid. Geographically it is located in the center of the Iberian Peninsula and the Central Plateau, in the Guadarrama river valley belonging to the Tagus basin.

Its proximity to the capital Madrid has led to a marked demographic development in the course of the last decades. Móstoles, in forty years and thanks to intensive urbanism, went from being a rural nucleus of almost 4,000 inhabitants, in the mid-1960s, to a satellite city of the capital with more than 200,000 at the beginning of the century XXI, integrated within the metropolitan area of Madrid.

Although from the 1970s it had an eminent character as a commuter town, Móstoles is home to the technological campus and the headquarters of the Rey Juan Carlos University, as well as the UNED University Classroom and is one of the Examination Centers of the Provincial Traffic Headquarters. The first operational base of the BESCAM (Special Security Brigades of the Autonomous Community of Madrid) was also located in this town in 2004, following an agreement signed with the regional government.

Toponymy

The place name is of uncertain origin. It has been proposed as a possibility that it could have some relationship with the Latin term monastērium (which would have to start from the plural ablative monastēriīs) to reach the current place name) which would allude to a possible presence of one or more monasteries prior to the Muslim conquest.

Symbols

Shield

Flag of Guns

Shield of Móstoles on the facade of the town hall

The shield, finished in a peak, is divided vertically into two parts. The left is in turn divided horizontally; in the upper part, with a gold background, a Virgin Mary with the Child Jesus in her arms, supported by a silver crescent moon and surrounded by a capital letter "D" gules. At the bottom is the invocation in Latin: Tota pulchra est, followed by the anagram of Mary in gold letters on gules.

The right quarter is made up of four gules stripes (red background) and, respectively, the syllables ON, PHE, LIPE, and II are loaded in gold letters, although historically this fourth syllable is represented in the plant fillet. Together with the "D" on the left side, it forms the text Don Phelipe II in reference to the monarch who granted him the privilege of villazgo, segregating it from Toledo. Each girdle gules has below a fillet of plant, in gold on azure.

The specific coat of arms, which corresponds to the agreement for the rehabilitation of the heraldic shield on April 29, 2004, is the following:

Match field. 1.—Of gold, a Virgin Mary with the Child Jesus in her arms, of carnation, sustained by a growing silver and ordained by a letter "D" of gules; cut from gules. The Marian invocation: "Tota pulchra est María", in gold letters. 2.—From Gules, three sugar strips, gold steaked, the odd strips loaded respectively with the anagrams: "ON" "PHE" "LIPE" "II", in gold letters, is dyed with the Royal Crown of Spain.

Official Gazette of the Community of Madrid No. 102 of 30 April 2004

Finally, the Royal Crown of Spain is placed on top, and it has a band that surrounds it with the inscription «Most Excellent and Illustrious Town Hall of the Villa de Móstoles», titles granted respectively by King Alfonso XIII in 1908 and his father Alfonso XII in 1882.^{[citation required]}

Flag

Of a very recent design (April 1, 2004), the Móstoles flag includes the following colors: crimson red, which symbolizes belonging to the Community of Madrid and which in turn represents its belonging to Castile; Prussian blue and yellow-gold (gold). On the central strip, one third of the pole, is the town's municipal coat of arms.

The textual description of the flag is as follows:

Quinta al asta, red carmesi; the slope, blue prusia, divided into three horizontal stripes, the center of double width than the lateral ones, by two gualda yellow traits, with a width of 1/30 of the slope each. On the central strip, on the third to the top, the municipal shield of the villa is loaded.

Official Gazette of the Community of Madrid No. 102 of 30 April 2004

Geography

Municipalities of Móstoles in the Community of Madrid

The town is located 17 km southwest of Madrid and is part of the metropolitan area of the capital of Madrid. Specifically, the exit corresponding to Móstoles from the A-5 is at kilometer 16.3.

The independent project AUDES5, which defines a series of metropolitan sub-areas in Madrid, considers Móstoles to be the head of one of these sub-areas, which encompasses neighboring towns such as Alcorcón, Navalcarnero, Moraleja de Enmedio or Arroyomolinos and has an extension of 315.1 km² and a population of more than 430,000 inhabitants.

Its municipal area is bordered to the north and west by Villaviciosa de Odón, to the northeast by Alcorcón, to the east by Fuenlabrada, to the south by Arroyomolinos and Moraleja de Enmedio and to the southwest by Navalcarnero.

Hydrography

Madrid periphery

Móstoles is located in the valley of the Guadarrama River. This river constitutes the western limit of the locality. In addition to this channel, the Los Combos stream and the Soto stream stand out, which run from north to south and east to west, respectively, through the municipal area.

Climate

The town enjoys a continental Mediterranean climate very similar to that of Madrid due to its proximity; its average maximum temperatures are 32 °C in summer and 11 °C in winter, and its minimum temperatures are 16 °C in summer and 2 °C in winter. The average annual precipitation is approximately 447 mm, the rainiest seasons are spring, autumn and the beginning of winter, although there is great variability from one year to another.

Average weather parameters in Spain
Month	Ene.	Feb.	Mar.	Open up.	May.	Jun.	Jul.	Ago.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Annual
Average temperature (°C)	10.6	12.2	15.6	17.2	21.7	29.8	32.0	32.0	27.8	20.0	14.4	11.1	20.2
Temp. medium (°C)	2.0	3.0	6.0	7.0	11.0	16.0	18.0	18.0	15.0	10.0	6.0	3.0	7.6
Total precipitation (mm)	45.7	43.2	38.1	45.7	40.6	25.4	10.2	10.2	30.5	45.7	63.5	48.3	447.0
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History

Although the development of Móstoles as a large city is very recent (last third of the XX century), the area it has remained inhabited (although it is unknown if continuously) since ancient times.

Prehistory

The lower course of the Arroyo del Soto is rich in archaeological finds; In addition to fossil remains of primitive animals, evidence of the presence of prehistoric humans has been found, such as weapons and flint utensils from the Paleolithic era.^{[citation required]}

Old Age

The foundation of Móstoles as a stable settlement could date from the time of Roman domination, or even be earlier, judging by the appearance of Celtiberian bronze brooches in the aforementioned area.

During the imperial Roman era, there could have been an urban nucleus in the current center of the town, where a necropolis, a pottery kiln and other remains have been documented. The Archaeological Chart of the municipality includes other remains found in surveys in the meadows of the Soto and La Reguera streams. The first people from Mostola with a known name could have been Fortunata and Flavianus and they could have lived in the second half of the s. II d. The tombstone commissioned by the first in honor of her deceased husband appeared in 2002 in the area of Arroyo del Soto and, although it was found out of its original context, it is most likely that its first location was very close. archaeologist and professor of local history Jesús Rodríguez Morales considers that, in addition to being a settlement since Roman times, Móstoles must have been a crossroads for important land routes.^{[citation required]}

Middle Ages

During the Visigothic and Islamic rule, Móstoles or its surroundings remained populated. The evidence corresponds above all to ceramic remains from those periods, found in various places, and especially in the urban center, where up to seven underground waterways have also been found, probably dating from the Islamic period.

The first secure documentary reference to Móstoles dates from the Middle Ages. A document from the year 1144, which states that King Alfonso VII donated the village of Freguecedos (later Fregacedos, located on the site of the current Loranca urbanization in Fuenlabrada) to the bishop of Segovia, mentions Turrem de Monsteles as a nearby population.

Hermitage of Na Sra. de los Santos

Bando de los mayors de 1808

Modern Age

For the XVI century, Móstoles was a communications hub whose importance lay in being the crossroads of several important routes. The current radial arrangement of the main streets of the town is a vestige of these routes. In 1565 Móstoles became independent from Toledo, buying its own jurisdiction from the monarch Felipe II.

This century also saw the appearance of a carving of the Virgin, for which the hermitage of Los Santos was built. The presence of travelers and merchants made the hospitality activity important, with various inns, inns and sales. The taverns also had the appeal of the "Móstoles organs", a picturesque system devised by the locals to keep the wine cool and which gives its name to a zarzuela from the XIX written by Juan de Alba. At that time, the Mostoleño council had to supply straw, bread and barley to the Court and also exported a large quantity of wine and oil. Móstoles was the head of the archpriesthood of Canales, which included 57 towns and villages.

In the 18th century, the war of the Spanish succession negatively affected the town. The Bourbons' road policies provided that all the routes that crossed Móstoles were abandoned to pass through the capital, leaving only the Camino Real de Extremadura (which left Madrid) as an important route that passed through the town.

Contemporary Age

On May 2, 1808, the so-called Bando de los mayores de Móstoles was drawn up, which is popularly considered a declaration of war against the French that started the War of Independence. In reality, this was written by the aristocrat Juan Pérez Villaamil (the mayors Andrés Torrejón and Simón Hernández only signed it), and it was intended to notify the towns of the Extremadura highway and its surroundings so that they could come to the aid of the town of Madrid, and called for a general uprising against the French, usurpers of the Spanish throne.

In 1891 the Madrid-Villa del Prado railway was inaugurated, which passed through Móstoles and finally reached Almorox (Toledo) in 1901. Part of this old metric gauge railway line (1000 mm), closed in 1970, would give rise to the current RENFE Cercanías C-5 line.

In 2008, the City Council received the 2008 Gold Bioenergy Award and in 2010 received the Golden Broom for burying containers for collecting packaging and organic fraction, thus improving the environmental quality of the municipality. In 2016 there was an alteration of the municipal term, after segregating an area of &&&&&&&&&0272055.&&&&&0272,055 m² divided into three zones to incorporate it into the municipality of Fuenlabrada and, in turn, add to Móstoles an area of & &&&&&&&&0189010.&&&&&0189,010 m² divided into 7 areas and until then belonging to Fuenlabrada.

Demographics

Graphic of Demographic Evolution of Móstoles between 1842 and 2021

Population of law according to population censuses of the INE.

The city of Móstoles grew rapidly and disorderly to accommodate emigrants who came to Madrid from rural areas of Extremadura, León, Castilla and Galicia, among other regions. Its population stabilizes in the 1990s, but, from the end of that decade, it grows again with the arrival of new immigration (from Africa and Eastern Europe, especially). Currently the immigration rate (citizens of non-Spanish nationality) exceeds 13% of the population.

The municipality, which has an area of 45.36 km², has 206,589 inhabitants and a density of 4,554.43 inhabitants/km², according to the municipal register for 2017 of the INE. Most of the population is grouped around the urban area of Móstoles; there are other less populated nuclei such as Parque Coimbra and Colonia Guadarrama. Regarding immigration, in 2013 34,250 people were born outside of Spain (INE 2013), which represented 16.59% of the population and 28,436 had foreign nationality (13.77% of the municipal population).. As can be seen in the attached graph, population growth was vertiginous in the 1970s and 1980s, as a consequence of emigration from rural areas to large cities.

The most used demonym is «mostoleño, -a», although «mostolense» and «mostolero, -a» are also correct, although this is in disuse.

Population by nuclei

Breakdown of the population according to the Continuous Register by INE Population Unit.

Administration and politics

Municipal government

For eight years, between 1995 and 2003, José María Arteta, of the Spanish Socialist Workers Party, governed in coalition with Izquierda Unida, although the PP had the largest number of councilors since 1995.^{[ citation required]} He would be succeeded by Esteban Parro, from the PP, who was mayor between 2003 and 2012. Daniel Ortiz Espejo (PP) served as mayor after Parro's resignation to dedicate himself exclusively to his work in the Senate.

In 2015, David Lucas Parrón, of the Madrid PSOE, became mayor, who governed with the support of Ganar Móstoles and IUCM-LV. In January 2018, he resigned from the position, which passed into the hands, on an interim basis, of the first deputy mayor, Jessica Antolín Manzano, also from the socialist party, until the election of Noelia Posse as mayor on February 7, 2018.

The headquarters of the Town Hall of Móstoles, in Plaza de España

The winning party in these elections was the Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE) with 10 seats, in second position was the Popular Party (PP) with 6 seats, in third position Ciudadanos-Partido de la Ciudadanía (Cs) with 5 councilors, in fourth position Más Madrid-Ganar Móstoles (MMGM) with 2 councilors, then Vox (Vox) with 2 councilors and lastly Podemos (Podemos) with 2 other councilors.

On June 15, 2019, the new municipal corporation was established, with Noelia Posse (PSOE) being re-elected as mayor of the municipality after having obtained the favorable vote of the councilors of her own party, 2 from MMGM and 2 from Podemos.

Territorial organization

Since 2000, Móstoles has been organized into districts, which have their own neighborhood participation bodies called District Boards. These were initially four, but in 2004 the municipal corporation decided to split the Parque Coimbra and Colonia Guadarrama urbanizations from the Western District.

Traditional architecture in the center of the city

• Centre

It covers the Town Hall, the Plaza del Pradillo and its border areas. It has a population of about 52 000.

• North-University

In the northern part of the municipality. It includes neighborhoods like Los Rosales, Estoril II, Iviasa II, Las Nieves, Corona Verde, La Princesa, La Carcavilla, La Luna, Parque Vosa and El Recreo. The population is 60 000.

• South-East

It includes neighborhoods such as Villafontana, Estoril I, Cerro Prieto, Pinar de Móstoles, La Loma, etc. with a population of about 54 000 inhabitants.

• West

The main neighborhoods are El Soto, San Fernando, Villaeuropa, Hospital and Pinares Llanos. It has approximately 40 000 inhabitants.

• Coimbra-Guadarrama

It covers the area of Coímbra Park and Colonia del Guadarrama. It's the least populated district, with 10,000 inhabitants, but it's the biggest growth.

• District

District Enterprise is a body created in order to channel the demands and proposals made by local entrepreneurs, where the bases of coordination and collaboration will be established to carry out measures of solution and reactivation of the industrial fabric.

Evolution of outstanding debt

The concept of outstanding debt includes only the debts of the Móstoles City Council with savings banks and banks related to financial credits, fixed-income securities and loans or credits transferred to third parties, excluding, therefore, commercial debt.

Graphic of evolution of the city council's living debt between 2008 and 2019

Living city council debt in thousands of Euros according to data from the Ministry of Finance and Ad. Public.

The outstanding municipal debt per inhabitant in 2014 amounted to €588.37, being €528.67 in 2017.

Economy

Although Móstoles has been Madrid's commuter town for the last three decades, it currently has several important industrial estates, a technology park and the Puerta del Atlántico Logistics Platform (still under construction). The most prominent industrial estates are Arroyomolinos, La Fuensanta, Regordoño, Los Rosales, Las Nieves and Expansión. There are also scattered industrial zones: Las Pajarillas, Las Monjas and Móstoles Industrial. In the first decade of the XXI century, construction began on the La Fuensanta II industrial estate.^{[quote required]} In almost all cases, the industrial fabric is made up of small and medium-sized companies and the predominant economic activity is electro-steel-metallurgical, but the textile and paper industries are also relevant. ^{[citation required]}

Móstoles has a municipal delegation for economic promotion and employment, called Móstoles Desarrollo since 2015, whose objective is to facilitate the establishment of industries in the municipality. In this sense, the start-up of the Rey Juan Carlos University and the establishment of the Repsol Technological Research and Development Center are considered positive for the municipality. This is integrated into an industrial park called Móstoles Tecnológico.

The most representative association of businessmen in the municipality is Móstoles Empresa. A global association that integrates the self-employed, young people, entrepreneurs, large companies, SMEs, shops, etc. It is a renewed project of AJE Móstoles (Association of Young Entrepreneurs of Móstoles). Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are predominant within local commerce: neighborhood stores and supermarkets. There is a large area: Carrefour, but, paradoxically, the town is surrounded by large shopping centers located in neighboring municipalities. In the municipality of Arroyomolinos, but just 250 meters from the Parque Coimbra de Móstoles urbanization, is the Madrid Xanadú shopping center (which includes the largest artificial snow park in Europe).^{[citation required]} In Alcorcón are the areas of Parque Oeste and Tres Aguas.

Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

The open shopping center Las Avenidas is a set of shopping streets located in the center of the town. It is articulated around the avenue of Dos de Mayo and the avenue of the Constitution. The creation of this "open shopping center" is part of the effort of local businesses and municipal authorities to maintain retail activity, in the face of the proliferation of large shopping areas in the surrounding area. In addition to Carrefour, there is the La Fuensanta Shopping Center, with an area of 24,000 m², where we find the Mercadona supermarket and the Virgin Active gym. Other department stores are the Ecomóstoles and Dos de Mayo shopping centers.

Móstoles also has a Repsol Technological Research and Development Center, the Móstoles Tecnológico business park and the IMDEA Energy Institute.

Services

Health

In 1983, the Móstoles University Hospital was inaugurated, under public management and belonging to the Madrid Health Service. This hospital originally served Móstoles and Alcorcón, as well as nearby municipalities, had a reference population of 400,000 people and had 400 beds. In 1998, the Alcorcón Foundation Hospital was opened, one of the first with a foundation model (there are other hospitals with this model in Verín and Mallorca) in a public health company. The opening of this health center in Alcorcón meant the closure of the Hospital Hermanos Laguna that was located in Alcorcón, a 60-bed hospital that had the specialties of Internal Medicine, ICU/Coronary and Cardiology. The professionals who until then had worked at the Hermanos Laguna center were integrated into the Móstoles University Hospital.

Hospital Universitario de Móstoles

After the inauguration of the Alcorcón Hospital Foundation in 1998, Health Area 8 was divided into two with a reference population of approximately 200,000 inhabitants each. With the opening in 2012 of the Rey Juan Carlos Hospital, the number of patients to attend is 155,000 people. This has allowed it to reduce the number of beds and thus ensure that its rooms are individual in many of its services. For example, in Obstetrics, all the rooms have a bed (for the mother) and a sofa-bed for the companion.

In 2012, the Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital was inaugurated, managed by the private company IDC-Capio, under a thirty-year concession, although the building belongs to the Madrid Health Service. The fundamental difference between this model and the public one is the different financing that it receives from the administration (Ministry of Health). This center receives an economic amount for each assigned patient; and that amount is discounted if the patient chooses a different center. However, in practice, its budget has increased in its second year of existence; while that of the public hospital has been reduced by 5 million euros. Another fundamental difference between the systems is that some of the professionals employed by the private center have lower salaries than in the public hospital; in some cases up to 15% less, with fewer days off.

There is also the HM Universitario Puerta del Sur Hospital —opened in November 2014, a private center belonging to the HM Hospitales group— and the Base Center for the disabled, managed by the Community of Madrid.

Juzgados de Móstoles

Education

Primary and Secondary Education

In Móstoles there are 24 day care centers (10 public, four of them from the Community of Madrid and two privately managed, and 14 private^{[cita requerida]}), 36 public schools for infant and primary education, 18 secondary education institutes and 6 private schools (with and without a concert). In 2013, due to cuts due to the crisis and the rate hike imposed by the municipal government, public nursery schools lost part of their students and about a third of their staff. Other Móstoles endowments for education are an Official School of Languages and a public special education school.

Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

Rectorate of the Universidad Rey Juan Carlos in Móstoles

The headquarters of the Rey Juan Carlos University are located on the Móstoles Campus. The Higher School of Experimental Sciences and Technology (ESCET) and the Higher Technical School of Computer Engineering (ETSII) belong to this campus. The facilities include a building for the Office of the Rector (rector, vice-rectors, PAS, assembly hall, extension of the Rectorate), a Management building, three classrooms and three laboratories, two departmental, the CAT (Centro de Apoyo Tecnológico) and a Central Library. It is accessed by road via the A-5 E-90 (exit 14 Móstoles DGT-Universidad), line 12 of the Madrid Metro (Universidad Rey Juan Carlos), on the C-5 Cercanías Line (Móstoles El Soto) or by bus (522, 525, 526 and 529H).

National University of Distance Education (UNED)

Móstoles has a classroom of the National Distance Education University (UNED), integrated into the Madrid Sur Associated Center. The presence of the UNED in Móstoles dates back to the 1979-80 academic year. Its facilities are located in the IES Velázquez, which has fifteen classrooms, a library, a secretary's office and a computer room. At the Madrid Sur Center there are more than 8,000 students, some 2,000 enrolled in the Aula de Móstoles. The UNED gives tutorials in Móstoles: Access Course for people over 25 and 45 years of age, Tourism (Fuenlabrada and Móstoles), Social Education (Móstoles, Parla), Information Technology Engineering (Móstoles), Computer Engineering (Móstoles), Geography and History (Móstoles), Pedagogy (Móstoles, Parla and Valdemoro), Social and Cultural Anthropology (Móstoles) and Psychology (Móstoles and Parla).

Justice

• Municipal courts

Citizen security

• First headquarters of the BESCAM, local police integrated into the special security brigades of the Community of Madrid
• Local police station
• Civil Traffic Guard Subsector
• Local fire department
• One of the three headquarters of the Provincial Traffic Headquarters of Madrid, including the examination center for the entire region
• Volunteers Group Civil Protection of Guns

Cemeteries

• Móstoles has the Old Cemetery, in the center of the urban center, and the New Cemetery, outside it. There is also a tantrum.

Transportation

The vertiginous growth of Móstoles has made it necessary to reinforce the transport infrastructure in recent years to avoid a circulatory collapse. The construction of the M-50 ring road and the Madrid Metro line number 12 (Metrosur) are two of the main actions carried out in this regard over the past decade. Both roads connect peripheral nuclei of the metropolitan area with each other and, in turn, serve to facilitate access to Madrid indirectly.

The main communication routes of the town are listed below:

Roads

Pradillo Metro Station

Nearness to his Pass through Móstoles

• Autovía de Extremadura A-5 / E-90 (Madrid-Badajoz-Lisbon)
• Autopist M-50
• R-5 toll motorist
• M-506 Road (Pinto-Fuenlabrada-Móstoles-Villaviciosa de Odón)
• Road M-413 (Fuenlabrada - Moraleja de Enmedio - Humanes de Madrid - Autovía de Extremadura A-5)
• M-856 Highway - Villaviciosa de Odón

Metro

There are five stations on line 12 (or Metrosur) of the Madrid Metro:

• Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
• Central Móstoles (connection with the Near Network)
• Pradillo
• Hospital de Móstoles
• Manuela Malasaña

Railroad

The Madrid Cercanías train line C-5 (Móstoles-Atocha-Fuenlabrada/Humanes) has two stations: Móstoles (Central Móstoles for the metrosur) and Móstoles-El Soto.

Buses

Móstoles has 22 bus lines that connect it with neighboring towns and the capital. Among them there are nine routes to Madrid (521, 522, 523, 524, 528, 534 and 539 and the night N501 and N503), six to Navalcarnero, two to Fuenlabrada, two to Villaviciosa de Odón and one to Alcorcón.

These lines are mostly operated by Arriva-DBlas, located in Alcorcón and privately owned. This same company holds the concession for the six local lines of Móstoles, numbered from 1 to 6 and with a red urban badge. The vehicles are affectionately nicknamed Las Blasas in reference to the De Blas family, who founded the company that provides this service.

In addition, Móstoles is the center of numerous intercity routes to the southwest of Madrid and north of Toledo.

Auto-taxi

In the town there are 12 auto-taxi ranks, with a total capacity for 63 vehicles.

Airport

It is located about 35 km from Madrid-Barajas airport. Cuatro Vientos Airport is about 9 km away.

Monuments and places of interest

Church of Na Sra. de la Asunción

One of the buildings with architectural value is the church of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, the oldest building in Móstoles. A semicircular apse in the Mudejar style and a tower of the same style have been preserved. It is located at number 1, Plaza Ernesto Peces.

The hermitage of Nuestra Señora de los Santos has a single nave and an altarpiece from the 18th century (restored in 2005), to whose sides are the modern images of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and Mary. It also contains mirrors from the 17th century century, cornucopias, paintings with carved frames and a large decoration. The Virgen de los Santos (patron saint of Móstoles) is located in a dressing room. There is also a clay figure that represents Saint John and the Child Jesus, by the sculptor Luisa Roldán "la Roldana".

Monument to Freedom

Monolith The Thirteen Roses

In the Plaza del Pradillo and surroundings are the main sculptures and fountains. Among them is the Fish Fountain —with two bronze fish, from whose mouth water flows—, inaugurated in the spring of 1852. The monument to Andrés Torrejón is also located nearby, inaugurated in 1908 by King Alfonso XIII, on the occasion of the first centenary of the uprising of May 2, 1808 in Madrid and the faction of the mayors of Móstoles. The monument has a granite base on which rests a piece of rock mountain from Segovia that represents the Pyrenees. Above the rock, there is an imperial eagle representing France that, with one of its claws, intends to tear the royal crown from the coat of arms of Spain. At the foot of a canyon appears the statue of the mayor of Móstoles. At his side, a horseman at full gallop: the postilion who hastened the famous faction, whose text appears on a bronze plaque. Other landmarks are the monument to La Barbacana, a sculpture made by the sculptor Virtudes Jiménez Torrubia that is located right in the place where there used to be a barbican (a low wall that separated the garden square from the road and that was a meeting point for the youth of the 60s and 70s), and the Homage to the Most Important Writers, in the upper part of the portico of Plaza del Pradillo, with various portraits of writers.

The Bicentennial Monument of the events of May 2, 1808 is located in the Plaza del Sol in the new neighborhood of Móstoles, Manuela Malasaña metro. The Monument homage to the teacher consists of a sculptural group made by the sculptor Virtudes Jiménez Torrubia. It is located in what was the courtyard of the old municipal schools, currently the Ernesto Peces square. The Monument to the Peñero represents the figure of a peñero launching a rocket in homage to the large number of peñeros in the municipality. During the carnivals of 2016, a monolith was attached in memory of Rafael González Cruceta, who died in December 2015 and one of the most charismatic peñeros in the city.

In 2019 a park in Móstoles pays homage to the Thirteen Roses with a monolith. In 2021 this monolith was moved in front of the Las Trece Rosas youth service center.

There is also a fountain and sculpture of the puppeteer located in the Plaza de la Cultura; the roundabout on May 2, which pays homage to working women; the Puerta de Madrid in the Los Rosales neighborhood; the Heroes de la Libertad roundabout, a tribute to all the victims of terrorism; and the Garden of the Planets, with various sculptures that represent the planets of the Solar System.

Parks and gardens

Parque Finca Liana

Móstoles would be one of the cities in Spain with the most trees per inhabitant: approximately nine trees for every twenty inhabitants. Its parks and green areas include:

• Natural Park of El Soto: the largest of Móstoles. It is also known because it was held for several years, until 2004, the Madrid Festival of Alternative Music, better known as Festimad.
• Parque Finca Liana: the second largest, and along with the previous one, considered one of the lungs of the city.
• Parque Cuartel Huerta: in the heart of the city, on the grounds of an old army barracks, demolished in 1985. In its surroundings are the Municipal Library, the Conservatory of Professional Music and the Courts. Along with the nearby Plaza del Pradillo they form a large space not built in the city center.
• Greenway of the Guadarrama River: it is the platform of an old railway line that connected the capital with Almorox; currently the roads are not preserved, but yes an iron bridge that crosses the river Guadarrama. The road has recently been conditioned as a green path with signaling, resting and meringtera, etc.

There is also the Prado Ovejero park, Galicia park, La Mancha park, Canarias park, Andalucía park and the Arroyo del Soto linear park.

Streets and squares

Among the squares, the Pradillo square stands out, the main and best-known square in Móstoles, it is located in the urban center. It also has the Plaza de España, which houses the Town Hall, and the Plaza de la Cultura, with the Villa de Móstoles Cultural Center and the statue of the puppeteer.

One of the main arteries of the city is Avenida de Portugal, a long thoroughfare with landscaped areas and a bike path. It was part of the old N-V highway (Madrid-Portuguese border) until in 1980 the ring road that surrounds the city (current A-5) was opened to traffic. Avenida de la Constitución connects Avenida de Portugal with Plaza de Pradillo: it is a commercial area and is the headquarters of CA2M. Avenida del Dos de Mayo is a continuation of the previous one towards the Hospital neighborhood, both were part of the primitive Extremadura highway that crossed the town, until in 1953 it was diverted to the current Avenida de Portugal; it also has a marked commercial character.

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  Plaza del Pradillo

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  Plaza del Sol

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  Plaza de la Cultura

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  Avenida del Dos de Mayo

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  Plaza de España

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  Calle Villaamil

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  Building Solar hemiciclo

Culture

Museums

Centro de Arte Dos de Mayo

In Móstoles is the CA2M, Centro de Arte Dos de Mayo. The building, with a surface area of more than 5,800 m², is located in the center of Móstoles and stands on the façade of La Casona, a traditional building from the XIX which has been restored. Its collection, of more than 1,300 works, consists mainly of works of photography, painting and sculpture by Spanish artists born from the 1940s. Since May 2014, it also houses the Fundación ARCO Collection, made up of 300 works out of 224 contemporary artists. In addition to the exhibition of its collections, the CA2M carries out other non-exhibition activities such as conferences, projections, debates, workshops, seminars, courses and musical performances. It also has rooms dedicated to study and artistic creation.

The Museum of the City is a new cultural resource designed to provide a better knowledge of Móstoles, learning and the participation of its visitors. The Museum is located in the old Casa de Postas, a Neo-Mudejar style building. Casa-Museo de Andrés Torrejón is the house where the famous mayor of Móstoles lived and died. A small period house, decorated with 19th century elements in rustic style.

Libraries

Municipal Library

The Móstoles Municipal Library has six service points (central library and five neighborhood branches). To obtain information about the location, funds, services offered and activities.

Theatres

Theater of the Forest

The Teatro del Bosque, inaugurated in 2003, is one of the most representative buildings in the town. It is raised overlooking the Finca Liana park. Its perimeter garden, characterized by very vertical flower beds, was designed by Javier Mariscal. This theater houses theater, dance and music shows promoted by the City Council. It has a capacity for 646 spectators and a stage with a surface area of 342 square meters; likewise, the orchestra pit has capacity for about 50 musicians. The facilities are completed with a cafeteria, six dressing rooms, simultaneous translation booths, which total an area of 3,000 square meters distributed over three floors.

Cultural entities

Centro Cultural Villa de Móstoles y Teatro Villa de Móstoles

There is a large amateur theater community in the town, in fact, the ESCENAMATEUR State Amateur Theater Confederation began its first steps in this town. Its main foci are the El Soto Sociocultural Center, the Kaleidoscope Sociocultural Center, municipal institutes and the Rey Juan Carlos University. One of the most relevant theater companies in the city is Melpómene Teatro, directed by Alejandro Cavadas from Mostola, who has been doing theater work since 2004 from and for his neighbors, accumulating more than thirty national awards.

There are also youth centers and cultural centers (Villa de Móstoles, El Soto, Caleidoscopio, Joan Miró and Norte-Universidad).

Cultural events

Since 2005, the town has hosted a film festival promoted by the city council, in collaboration with the Rey Juan Carlos University and the government of the Community of Madrid. The event, called the Madrid Móstoles International Film Festival, is held at the Teatro del Bosque and integrates cycles, an official section with the films that enter the competition and parallel activities at a reduced price (2.40 euros in the 2005 edition).

Eight editions of Festimad, a rock music festival, from 1996 to 2004, took place in Parque del Soto. After the decision of the Móstoles city council not to celebrate more musical events in the Soto park, after the arrival of the Popular Party at the City Hall and due to the fear that the crowd that gathered there every year to enjoy the concerts and camp could damage the natural environment, the festival moved in 2005. Since then it has been held in other towns in the south of Madrid, despite the fact that the intention of the Mostolan consistory was to keep the event in the town but in another space. In 2017 it was held again in Mostóles.

Sports

Sports entities

As far as professional teams are concerned, after the disappearance of FS Móstoles, Móstoles Women's Futsal, the athletics team (Club Asociación Atlética de Móstoles), the swimming team (Agrupación Deportiva Natación Móstoles) and everything related to martial arts.

In 1955 the C.D. Móstoles, disappeared in 2012 due to financial problems. He dressed entirely in blue and played his games in the Soto field. On two occasions it managed to ascend to Second Division B, so the Third Division is its usual category.

The most representative soccer club is CD Móstoles URJC, originally founded in 1996 as C.D. Juventud Móstoles-El Soto, which, with 57 teams and more than 900 players, is the second largest club in the Community of Madrid and by extension, one of the largest in Spain. His first team currently competes in group VII of the Third National Division, after having achieved promotion by proclaiming himself group champion and absolute of the Madrid Preferente. The subsidiary of CD Móstoles URJC competes in the Preferred Regional, second group. The CD Móstoles URJC represents football from Mostola in the highest categories of regional football, militating its Juvenil 'A', in Division of Honor, Cadet 'A' in the First Autonomous Division, the Infantil 'A' in Division of Honor (champion of the same in 2015/2016), etc. The concession of the Municipal Stadium El Soto, property of the city council, has recently been renewed for ten more years.

Other teams also compete in Preferential, such as Móstoles CF, founded in 2013 representing the old board of directors with whom CD Móstoles went bankrupt, which plays in the Andrés Torrejón field. Other soccer teams are Internacional de Móstoles, UD Móstoles Balompié Entiergal, C.F. Torremar... who play their matches in the Iker Casillas fields.

In Futsal, the Móstoles Women's Futsal team stands out, founded in 1988 and which since 1995 has played in the 1st National Division, where it is the club with the most seasons played, its record includes 2 League Championships (2000-01 and 2005 06), 4 Spanish Cups (2000, 2010, 2011 and 2012) and 2 Super Cups (2006 and 2010); He plays his matches in the Pavilion of the Villafontana Sports Center.

In the section related to basketball is the Ciudad de Móstoles Basketball Club, which stands out for its quarry policy and presence in the National League.

Related to handball is the Móstoles Handball Club, the oldest in the West of Madrid, founded in 1989, whose women's team on several occasions has played in the national Silver Honor Division, the last time in 2018, recently restructured towards a policy based mainly on the quarry; He disputes his matches at the Villafontana Sports Center Pavilion.

Artistic roller skating is represented in the City by the Móstoles Figure Skating Club (CPA Móstoles). Founded in 1992, it has a history full of sporting successes, among which the participation of its skaters in regional and national championships stands out, the most recent being their participation in the XXV Senior / Junior Spanish Championship 2017, in the senior category. female. It currently has 166 athletes among federated skaters, quarry, municipal school and colleges. In 2017 it will celebrate its 25th anniversary.

Sports facilities

There are the Iker Casillas soccer fields, the El Soto municipal stadium, the Andrés Torrejón, Los Rosales and Villafontana sports centers, the summer pools of El Soto and Villafontana and the indoor pools of Las Cumbres, Villafontana and El Soto. In addition to some sports areas in different neighborhoods.

The Andrés Torrejón Sports Center has a capacity for 6,700 spectators. Its construction is paralyzed^[when?] while waiting for municipal finances to improve. The El Soto Municipal Stadium is home to the city's soccer team, CD Móstoles URJC, and has a capacity for 14,000 people. There are also various sports centers: Villafontana, Los Rosales, La Loma, Parque Coimbra and Río Guadiana.

Rodolfo Halffter Conservatory

Conservatory Rodolfo Halffter

The Rodolfo Halffter Conservatory was created in 1986 as an Elementary Conservatory. In 1995, the Community of Madrid granted authorization to the center to also teach the teachings corresponding to the Intermediate Level, limited to students enrolled in the conservatory. Around this time, the conservatory also inaugurated its own building in the area called Cuartel Huerta, in the center of the town, which has a specialized library, a chamber room and an auditorium with capacity for 170 spectators.

Since 1998, a new authorization allows access to any music student, after passing the corresponding selection tests and in June 2002, it was definitively established as a Middle Grade Conservatory, thanks to an Agreement signed with the Community of Madrid. He has participated in important events such as a charity gala for the benefit of the Ségou Women's Promotion Center, in Mali, or the medal-giving ceremony of the Community of Madrid, held on May 2, 2007.

Festivities

Fiestas del Dos de Mayo

• The big holidays are held from 11 September, the day on which the pregon is celebrated, in honor of the patron of the town Ntra. Ms. of All Saints, held the 12th of the same month.
• The Feasts of May Two are celebrated as a commemoration of May 2, 1808 (the beginning of the War of Independence, after the band signed by the mayors of Móstoles). It is assumed and celebrated by the entire Community of Madrid since 1985.
• The May 15 party and the water party. It has its origin in which it was held on 28 June on the occasion of the water brought to Móstoles by the Canal de Isabel II in 1980. He then moved to May 15, coinciding with the San Isidro party in Madrid.
• Easter holidays are also well known for the affection of the locals. Such is the participation of the people that the procession of Resurrection Sunday, popularly known as Procession of the Meeting (in which the sizes of Ntra. Sra. de la Soledad and the Risen Christ are found in the Plaza del Pradillo), which were declared Festivals of Regional Tourist Interest.
• There are also parties for neighborhoods or districts.

Traditions

The commemorative representation of the events of May 1808 is traditional. Every May 2, the events that occurred in Madrid and Móstoles around that day are represented. In charge of some 300 residents, members of associations and clubs, dressed in period costumes and directed by Miguel Nieto (currently directed by Claudio Pascual together with Juan Polanco). Before 2004 it was held in the Plaza del Pradillo, in the center of the town.

During the Christmas holidays, it is customary to put on a representation of a Living Nativity Scene in the Ernesto Peces square. After the well-remembered program of Tuesday and Thirteen on New Year's Eve in 1986, the idea has become popular that in Móstoles, empanadillas are a traditional New Year's Eve dish, this being a mistaken idea.

Alternative Culture

Grafiti en Móstoles

One of the most important centers within the so-called squatter movement on a state scale is located in this population, it is La Casika, a building that has been occupied since 1997 by various groups of the extreme left. Móstoles has been one of the reference places for graffiti in the Community of Madrid, over the last few years. However, the policy of the present municipal corporation opposes this activity, which is why experiences that were carried out until 2004 have been abandoned, such as the municipal graffiti contest, which was held annually, or the commission to decorate the palisades. from schools and institutes to graffiti artists.

Nightlife

The areas where there is more nightlife are located in the Los Rosales area, the Princesa/Salones President area, better known as the “upstairs” area, the Hospital area and somewhere else in the center for rations and reeds although there are also a couple of discos. To a lesser extent, the area called "Estoril" also has bars.

In the arts and popular culture

• In the play, Get down to the morose by José Luis Alonso de Santos, one of the protagonists ambitions to buy a flat in Móstoles.

• The Dream of Móstoles (1995) of Isaac Montero

• The name of Móstoles is popularly linked to the famous gag of The emanadilla de Móstoles, performed by the humorous duo Tuesday and Thirteen during a New Year's Eve special on TVE.

• The famous TVE program Grand Prix of Summer, it was recorded in the bullring of Móstoles and in the lake of the Soto natural park.

• In the movie The Heart of the Warrior, the concert scene supposedly shot in the amusement park was shot in the Bullring of Móstoles.

• The scene of the shootings Torrente, the dumb arm of the law, is rolled in what is currently the Prado Ovejero park, although it pretends to be the Casa de Campo de Madrid (You can easily check because you see the first buildings of Estoril II at the bottom).

• The movie Born to win director Vicente Villanueva is filmed in Móstoles and his whole argument revolves around the city.

Media

Press

The following publications have a local edition for Móstoles: El Cuaderno de Móstoles (born in June 2012 to date), Sur Madrid (the oldest dated 5, 2010, 15 years old in Móstoles), Voces de Pradillo (founded in May 2012), Mercado Móstoles (closed as a newspaper in 2008), Up-to-date information (closes in 2008), Step by Step (closes in 2008), El Universo de Móstoles (closes in 2008), Domingol (currently open 5 of 2010), El Iceberg (abandoned its headquarters in Móstoles in 2008),...

Radio

SER Madrid Oeste 102.3 FM (formerly called SER Móstoles and SER Suroeste). Until 2002, there was a municipal station with the name Onda Móstoles 96.2 FM. Currently, Móstoles FM, a local radio station, is broadcasting through this dial and is managed by the Móstoles City Council. An information and entertainment radio. The studies are located in the Arroyomolinos industrial estate, in the facilities of the Economic Promotion Company (EMPESA).

Television

After the election of the socialist José María Arteta as mayor, in 1995, the creation of a municipal Institute of Communication was approved, with its own publicly owned radio and television stations. The station Móstoles Televisión began broadcasting in 1996, with innovative digital equipment. The project, once again, was not profitable and did not continue beyond the turn of the century. The public channel coexisted with a new private initiative, Channel 30 Móstoles, an ambitious station that achieved notable recognition. However, over time Localia, the local television brand promoted by Grupo PRISA, took control of the channel until 2009, the year in which, with a very limited production of its own, the channel disappeared with the dissolution of the company. In May 2010, there were three DTT (Digital Terrestrial Television) channels LD Sur-Madrid, Popular TV and 8madrid, of which only LD Sur-Madrid provides local information, with an undoubted commitment to this type of information and headquarters in the coverage populations.

Internet

Sur Madrid, one of the oldest printed newspapers, launched a local information website in 1996. The official website of the City Council offers corporate and citizen information.

Twin cities

Notable people