Michigan
Michigan (in English, Michigan, pronunciation: /ˈmɪʃɪgən/) is one of the fifty states that, along with Washington D.C., make up the United States United of America. Its capital is Lansing and its most populous city, Detroit.
Located in the Midwest region of the country, Central Northeast division, it consists of two peninsulas separated from each other and surrounded mainly by four of the five Great Lakes and containing a variety of nearby islands. Both areas have very different characteristics: the Upper Peninsula —which is bordered to the north and east by Lake Superior and the St. Marys River, which separate it from Canada, to the southeast by Lake Huron, to the south by the Straits of Mackinac (which separate it from the Lower Peninsula) and Lake Michigan, and to the southwest by Wisconsin—and the Lower Peninsula, which is shaped like a left mitten, bounded on the north by the Straits of Mackinac, on the east by the St. Clair and Detroit rivers, and Lakes Huron, Sainte-Claire and Erie, which separate it from Canada, Ohio and Indiana to the south, and Lake Michigan to the west, which separates it from Illinois and Wisconsin. With 9,883,640 inhabitants in 2010, it is the eighth most populous state, behind California, Texas, New York, Florida, Illinois, Pennsylvania and Ohio. It was admitted to the Union on January 26, 1837, as the 26th state.
Michigan is one of the nation's leading manufacturing industries. The national capital of the automobile industry is located in the largest city in the state, Detroit. The state is the largest producer of cars and trucks in the United States, and is also the second largest producer of iron in the country.
One of Michigan's best-known nicknames is The Great Lakes State. In fact, Michigan borders four of the five North American Great Lakes. Its coastline is 5,292 km long, and is one of the longest in the entire country. No part of the state is located more than 137 km from the coastline of the Great Lakes. Michigan is divided into two distinct areas, the Upper Peninsula and the Lower Peninsula, connected to each other by a single five-mile-long bridge. Another nickname for Michigan is The Wolverine State because during the early days of European settlement of the region, hunters and fur traders hunted and traded with Native Americans in the region. quantities of wolverine skins.
Its name comes from Lake Michigan, whose name is a French adaptation of the Ojibwe term mishigani, meaning 'great lake' or 'great water'. Michigan was initially settled by the French. French colonization of the region however was limited. France ceded Michigan to the United Kingdom in 1764. In 1783, after the end of the American Revolutionary War, Michigan became part of the Northwest Territory in 1787, an independent territory in 1805, and elevated to statehood. on January 26, 1837, as the 26th US state to enter the Union.
History
Until 1837
Various Native American tribes and peoples lived in the region where the state of Michigan is located today thousands of years before the arrival of the first Europeans. These tribes and peoples included the Chippewa, Menomini, Miami, Ottawa, and Potawatomi, Indian tribes that are part of the Native American Algonquin family; in addition to the ferrets, who lived where the city of Detroit is currently located. It is estimated that the indigenous population at the time of the arrival of the first Europeans was 15 thousand inhabitants.
The first European explorer of Michigan was the Frenchman Étienne Brûlé, who explored the Upper Michigan Peninsula in 1620, setting out from Quebec under Samuel de Champlain. Eventually, Michigan became part of the French colonial province of Louisiana, one of the colonial provinces of New France. The first permanent European settlement in Michigan, Sault Ste. Marie, was founded by Jacques Marquette, a French missionary, in 1660.
The French founded several trading settlements, forts, and villages in Michigan in the late 17th century century. Among them, the foundation of Fort Pontchartrain, present-day Detroit, founded by Antoine de Lamothe-Cadillac, stands out. However, French activities in the region were limited to hunting, trading and catechizing of local indigenous people, and very limited agriculture. In 1760, Michigan had only a few hundred inhabitants.
Territorial disputes between French and British colonists sparked the Franco-Indigenous War, which occurred between 1754 and 1763, which ended in defeat for the French. As part of the Treaty of Paris, the French ceded all French colonies in North America located east of the Mississippi River to the British. Thus, Michigan came to be controlled by the United Kingdom. In 1774, Michigan became part of Quebec. However, it remained sparsely populated, and population growth in the region continued to be very low, with the British primarily interested in the fur trade and not in settling and colonizing the region.
During the American Revolutionary War, much of Michigan, inhabited primarily by pro-independence settlers, rebelled against the British. These, with the help of local Indian tribes, constantly attacked rebel settlements in the region, and conquered Detroit. The Spanish, allies of the rebels, conquered St. Joseph from the British in 1781, ceding control of the settlement to the rebels the next day. The war for independence ended in 1783, and Michigan came under the control of the newly formed United States of America. In 1787, the region became part of the Northwest Territory. The British, however, conquered Detroit in 1790, only ceding the fort definitively in 1796 to the United States.
In 1800, Michigan became part of Indiana Territory. In 1805, the Michigan Territory was created, although this territory included only the Lower Peninsula of present-day Michigan, with Detroit as the seat of government and William Hull being appointed governor. In 1812, during the Anglo-American War, the British captured Detroit and Fort Mackinac. American troops recaptured Detroit in 1813, and Fort Mackinac was returned to the Americans at the end of the war, in 1815.
Throughout the 1810s and 1820s, the Ojibwe, Ottawa, and Potawatomi Indian tribes began to fight the growing white settler population of the region. However, the Indians were defeated, and in 1821, forced to cede all their land to the US government. Most of these Indians were forced to relocate to Indian reservations in the far western United States.
During the 1820s, Michigan's population began to grow rapidly, largely because of the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825, which connected the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean, becoming a shipping route between the states of the eastern United States and the sparsely inhabited territories of the west.
Michigan's growing population began to demand the elevation of the Michigan Territory to statehood. In 1835, the US Congress passed the constitutional amendment that would elevate Michigan to statehood. Territorial disputes with Ohio, over a narrow piece of land where the city of Toledo is located, delayed Michigan's elevation to statehood. This narrow strip became part of Ohio, by resolution of Congress, but in compensation Michigan received the Upper Peninsula. On January 26, 1837, Michigan became the twenty-sixth state in the Union, already with its present borders.
1837-present day
During the early 1840s, large deposits of copper and iron were found in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, drawing thousands of people from eastern states. The Soo Locks (Soo Locks or Sault Locks in English) were inaugurated in 1855, connecting Lake Superior with the rest of the Great Lakes, to allow fast and efficient transfer of minerals extracted in the Upper Peninsula from ports in the north of the state to the Great Lakes, and thus facilitate the transport of these minerals to the main steel centers of the country, most of them located on the edge of the Great Lakes Lakes or large rivers that flow into them.
.jpg)
Michigan was active throughout the American Civil War, siding with the Union—the United States of America proper—and against the rebellious Confederate States of America. After the war, Michigan's economy began to diversify, and the state prospered economically. During the 1870s, the lumber industry boomed in Michigan. The state became the largest national producer of timber. Its vast forests and its location close to the American Midwest helped lead to the occupation of the North Central region of the United States. Between the 1870s and 1890s, agriculture and ranching also developed rapidly in the state. Michigan's population doubled between 1870 and 1890. By the turn of the century, the state of Michigan devoted more funds to public education than any other US state.
During the turn of the 20th century, the manufacturing industry became Michigan's primary source of income—in largely because of the automobile industry. In 1897 the manufacture of the oldsmobile began in Lansing. In 1904 Ford was founded in Detroit, and with the mass production of the Model T, this city became the world capital of the automobile industry. General Motors is located in Detroit, and Ford is in a neighboring city. Both companies built large industrial complexes in the Detroit metropolitan region, making Michigan, since the 1910s, a national industry leader. This industry developed a lot during World War I, thanks to the demand for military vehicles.
The Great Depression caused a major economic recession in Michigan. Thousands of workers in the auto industry were laid off, as well as workers in other sectors of the state's economy. The Michigan state government took several steps to try to minimize the negative effects of the Great Depression. The state created more than 100 Civilian Conservation Corps, an administrative body that began employing thousands of unemployed youth in maintenance and cleaning jobs. The Works Progress Administration was another state body that employed more than 500,000 unemployed people in the construction of large public works such as roads, buildings and dams.
The economic downturn in Michigan was compounded by the fact that the state's copper reserves lie at great depths. With the discovery of other copper reserves in other US states, which are located in shallower layers, copper mining fell sharply in the state, resulting in increased unemployment for hundreds of miners. During the Great Depression, the United Automobile Workers union was founded to represent workers in the automobile industry. This union pressured auto companies in Michigan to hire only workers who were union members, and to agree to bargaining between companies and workers. Ford and General Motors were the main targets of the union. General strikes forced both companies to accept the union's demands. Currently, the United Automobile Workers is one of the largest unions in the United States, being the representative of every worker employed in any large automobile company in the United States, since 1941.
The entry of the United States into World War II in 1941 ended Michigan's economic recession. The state was throughout the war one of the largest producers of weapons and military vehicles in the United States. With the end of the war, the automobile and copper mining industries recovered. After the end of World War II, and until the 1980s, large numbers of African Americans settled in Michigan, especially Detroit. Racial conflicts developed during this period, culminating in the Detroit rebellion in 1967, which lasted 8 days and caused nearly $25 million in damage and 43 deaths.
The 1973 Oil Crisis caused an economic recession in the United States, severely affecting the Michigan economy. In addition, automobile companies in the United States began to encounter increased competition from other multinational companies, especially automobile companies from Japan. As a consequence, automobile companies in the United States began cutting costs to remain competitive in the domestic market. Unemployment rates rose dramatically in the state.
Throughout the 1970s, Michigan had the highest unemployment rate of any US state. Large budget cuts to education and public health were also made, in an attempt to reduce the growing state budget deficit. The strengthening of the automobile industry in the 1980s and an increase in the state income tax stabilized Michigan's budget. However, increasing competition from Japanese and South Korean car companies constantly threatens the state's economy, which is still heavily dependent on the car industry. From the late 1980s onwards, the Michigan government has worked to attract new industries to the region, thereby reducing the state's economic dependence on the automobile industry, whose relative importance in the local economy has since 1979 has been reduced from 20% to less than 10%, directly.
Physical geography
Michigan is bordered by Lake Superior to the north, Lake Huron to the east, Indiana and Ohio to the south, and Lake Michigan to the west. The Canadian province of Ontario is located to the north, east, and extreme southeast of Michigan, the states of Wisconsin and Illinois are located to the west, and Minnesota is located in northwestern Michigan. Detroit, located north of the Canadian city of Windsor, is the only major US city located north of a major Canadian city.
It has a surface area of 250,493 km², which, for comparison purposes, corresponds to half that of Spain.
Michigan has a coastline of 5,292 km on the Great Lakes (including nearly 1,000 km of coastline formed by islands located in these Great Lakes and by bays and estuaries along the Michigan shoreline). Only Alaska, Louisiana, and Florida have longer coastlines. The state is located on the edge of all the Great Lakes with the exception of Lake Ontario. No part of the state is more than 137 km from the Great Lakes. Michigan also has more than 11,000 lakes. No point in the state is located more than 10 km from a lake. The state's rivers are small, short, and shallow, and few are navigable. The main ones include the Au Sable, the Thunder Bay, the Cheboygan and the Saginaw, which flow into Lake Huron; the Ontonagon and the Tahquamenon, which flow into Lake Superior; and the St. Joseph, Kalamazoo, Grand, Muskegon, Manistee, and Escanaba, which empty into Lake Michigan. Forests cover about half of the state.
Michigan is divided into two large peninsulas, separated by the Straits of Mackinac: The Upper Peninsula is the smaller of the two peninsulas, located in the northwest of the state. Compared to the rest of the state, it is sparsely inhabited, with only 325,000 inhabitants: and the Lower Peninsula, densely populated, where about 97% of the state's population lives. These peninsulas are only connected to each other by the Strait of Mackinac bridge.
Michigan can be divided into two distinct geographic regions:
- The Higher Altiplano covers the northwest end of the state, or the west of the upper peninsula. This region has a very rough terrain. The highest point in the state, Mount Coorwood, it is located in this region, with its 603 meters of altitude. This region is extremely rich in copper and iron.
- The Plains of the Great Lakes They occupy most of Michigan. This region is characterized by its low altitude, up to 174 meters on the edge of Lake Erie. This region is rich in swamps, rivers and lakes, and its soil is very fertile.
Climate
Michigan has a humid temperate climate (Köppen climate classifications Dfa and Dfb), with four well-defined seasons. The state's summers are mild due to the presence of large bodies of water in the region, while winters are cold. The temperature drops as you travel north.
During winter, the average temperature in southern Michigan is -6°C, -9°C in central Michigan, and -12°C in the Upper Peninsula. The average of the minimums in the state is -10 °C, and the average of the maximums is -1 °C. The minimums vary between -40 °C and 8 °C, and the maximums between -35 °C and 15 °C. The lowest temperature recorded in the state is -46 °C, in Vanderbilt, on February 9, 1934.
In summer, the average temperature is 22 °C in the extreme south, 20 °C in the central region and 18 °C in the Upper Peninsula. The average of the minimums is 14 °C, and the average of the maximums is 26 °C. The maximums can reach up to 40 °C in the southern region, and 34 °C in the Upper Peninsula. The highest temperature recorded in the state was 44 °C, in Mio, on July 13, 1932.
Michigan's mean annual precipitation rate of rainfall is 80 mm, varying from 95 mm per year in the Upper Peninsula and in the extreme southwest of the state, to 68 cm in the northeast of the state. Average annual snowfall rates vary from 100 centimeters in the south to more than 400 centimeters in the north of the state.
Administration and politics
The current Michigan Constitution was adopted in 1963. Older constitutions were passed in 1835, 1850, and 1908. Amendments to the Constitution are proposed by the Michigan Legislature, and need to receive at least 51 votes to pass. % of favorable votes of the state Senate and House of Representatives, and then at least two-thirds of the votes of Michigan's voting population, in a referendum. The population of the State can also propose amendments to the Constitution through the collection of an adequate number of signatories. When this petition of the signatories is accepted by the government, to be approved it needs to receive the approval of at least a quarter of the members of both houses of the Michigan Legislature, and then at least 51% of the votes of the electoral population.. Amendments can also be proposed and introduced by constitutional conventions, which need to receive at least 51% of the votes of both houses of the Legislative Branch and two-thirds of the votes of the electoral population, in a referendum.
The chief executive officer in Michigan is the governor. He is elected by the state's voters for terms of up to four years. A person can hold the office of governor only twice. Other executive officers who are chosen by the governor—Treasurer, Secretary of State, Teniente Gobernador (lieutenant governor), also serve in terms of at most four years. Like the governor, they can serve a term only twice.
Michigan's legislature consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate has a total of 38 members, while the House of Representatives has a total of 110 members. Michigan is divided into 38 Senate districts and 110 Representative districts. Voters from each district elect a Senator/Representative, who will represent each district in the Senate/House of Representatives. The mandate of the senators is four years and that of the representatives is two years.
The highest court in the Michigan judiciary is the Michigan Supreme Court. The eight justices of the Michigan Supreme Court are elected by the state's population to terms of up to eight years. Michigan's second largest court is the Court of Appeals, made up of seven judges, four district courts, and 57 regional courts.
Michigan is divided into 83 counties. These counties, in turn, are divided into municipalities (townships). More than half of Michigan's budget is generated by state taxes. The rest comes from budgets received from the national government. In 2002, the state government spent $49 billion, having generated $44 billion. Michigan's public debt is $22 billion. The debt per capita is $2,185, the value of state taxes per capita is $2,177, and the value of government spending per capita is $4,897.
The Republican Party dominated Michigan until the Great Depression. In the 1912 election, Michigan was one of six states that supported Progressive Republican and third-party candidate Theodore Roosevelt for president after he lost the Republican nomination to William Howard Taft. In recent years, the state has leaned toward the Democratic Party in national elections. Michigan has supported the Democrats in the last four presidential elections. In 2004, John Kerry defeated George W. Bush in the state, winning Michigan's 17 electoral votes with 51.2% of the vote. Democrats have won the last three, and nine of the last 10 US Senate races in Michigan. Michigan Governor Jennifer Granholm, a Democrat, recently won the election for a second term, defeating Republican candidate Dick DeVos. Republican strength is greatest in the western, northern, and rural parts of the state, especially in the Grand Rapids area. The Democrats are strongest in the East, especially in Detroit, Ann Arbor, Flint and Saginaw.
Michigan was home to Gerald Ford, the 38th President of the United States. He was born in Nebraska and moved to Michigan as a child, where he grew up.
Demographics
|
|
According to the United States Census Bureau's 2000 census, Michigan's population in that year was 9,938,444, a 6.5% growth over the state's 1990 population, of 9,328,784 inhabitants. The 2010 United States Census put the state's population at 9,983,640, 0.6% less than the population in the year 2000. Michigan was the only US state to decrease its population between census years. 2000 and 2010. The population of the state according to the 2020 census was 10,077,331 inhabitants.
The natural growth of Michigan's population between 2000 and 2005 was 182,380 (691,897 births and 456,137 deaths) population growth caused by immigration was 122,901 while interstate migration resulted in a decrease of 165,084 inhabitants. Between 2000 and 2005, the population of Michigan grew by 182,380 inhabitants, and between 2004 and 2005, by 16,654 inhabitants.
About 82% of Michigan's population lives in 9 distinct metropolitan regions: Ann Arbor, Benton Harbor, Detroit, Flint, Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, Jackson, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, and Saginaw- Bay City-Midland.
Most of the population lives in the Lower Peninsula of the state. The average population density of the state is 40.21 inhabitants/km² inhabitants per square kilometer. However, in the Lower Peninsula, this average is 230. In the Upper Peninsula the average density is only 8 inhabitants/km². In total, the Upper Peninsula has about 300 thousand inhabitants.
| Graphic of Demographic Evolution of Michigan between 1800 and |
 |
Main cities
About 75% of Michigan's population lives in urban areas. The main cities of the state are:
- Detroit (also known as "Motor City" or "Motown").
- Grand Rapids (also known as The Furniture City).
- Warren.
- Flint (city where General Motors was founded, also known as "Vehicle City")
- Sterling Heights
- Lansing (state capital).
- Ann Arbor (from the University of Michigan)
- Livonia
- Dearborn (Ford Motor Company site; Henry Ford birthplace)
Other major cities are:
- Battle Creek ("Cereal City U.S.A."Kellogg Company headquarters)
- Pontiac (major automotive manufacturing center, headquarters of the Pontiac Silverdome)
- Marquette (major city of the Superior Peninsula, with its 19,661 inhabitants).
- Traverse City
- Midland
- Frankenmuth
- Holland
- East Lansing
- Saginaw
Counties
| Michigan County |
|---|
  MR LN HD BN SJ CS BE WY WA JK CA KA VB MB OK. LS IN ET BR AG SC LP GE.GE SH CN IN KN OW SN TS GS GT MT MK HR BA MD IB ME NW OE AR GL CL OS LK MS IS OG RS MY WX MA AC OD CR KK GT BZ AP MM OT AN LL PI CB EM CV ↑ MC CH L SO AL DL MO MQ DK IR BG MAN ON GO KW ↓ ↑ |
Races and Ethnicities
The ethnic composition of Michigan is as follows:
- 78.9 % White
- 14.0 % African American
- 3.3% Hispanic
- 1.8 % Asian
- 0.6 % Indigenous natives
- 1.4 % Two or more races
The five largest Michigan ancestry groups are: German (comprising 20.4% of the state's population), African American (14.2%), Irish (10.7%), English (9.9%), %) and Poles (8.6%). Other minority ethnic groups are French, Dutch and Italian.
Americans of German descent are present in all regions of Michigan. Scandinavians (especially Finns), British and French have a notable presence in the Upper Peninsula. The west of the state is nationally known for the Dutch heritage of many of its inhabitants. Michigan has the largest concentration of Dutch of any US state. The Detroit metropolitan region has many residents of Polish, Irish, Italian, and Arab descent. African Americans are the majority in the city of Detroit.
Religion
Percentage of Michigan's population by religious affiliation 2018:
Religion 2019
- Christianity - 71% - 7,059,367
- Protestantism – 53% - 5,269,668
- Catolicism – 18% - 1,789,698
- Other religions - 5% - 497,138
- No religion - 24% - 2,386,265
Education
The first schools in Michigan were founded by French Catholic missionaries, during the 17th century, with the intention of converting indigenous people of the region to Catholicism and assimilating Native Americans to Western culture. The first public schools created primarily to offer a basic level of education were founded in 1798. In 1827, the state passed a law making it mandatory to create a public school system in every municipality in the state. Initially, these school systems were funded exclusively by the municipalities. Beginning in 1837, the state began regularly contributing budgets to these public school systems.
Currently, all educational institutions in Michigan are required to follow rules and standards set forth by the Michigan State Board of Education. This council directly controls the state's public school system, which is divided into different school districts. In cities, the responsibility for running schools rests with the municipal school district, while in less densely inhabited regions, this responsibility falls with school districts operating across the county in general. These school districts manage the schools located within the district, and are budgeted primarily through city or county taxes, and state government budgets. Each city, municipality or county administers its own school districts. Michigan allows the operation of charter schools—independent public schools that are not run by school districts, but that depend on public budgets for their operation. School attendance is compulsory for all children and adolescents over six years of age, until the conclusion of secondary education or up to sixteen years of age.
In 1999, the state's public schools served about 1.73 million students, employing approximately 96.6 thousand teachers. Private schools served about 179.6 thousand students, employing approximately 11.8 thousand teachers. The state public school system invested about $12.785 billion, and public school spending was approximately $8.1 thousand per student. Nearly 87.6% of the inhabitants of the state with more than 25 years of age have a high school diploma.
Michigan's first public library was founded in 1828, in Detroit. Currently, the state has 381 public library systems, which annually move an average of 5.2 books per inhabitant. Michigan's first institution of higher learning—the Catholepistemiad, which would later become the current Michigan System of Universities—was founded in 1817 in Detroit. Michigan currently has 109 higher education institutions, of which 44 are public and 65 are private. The three major public higher education centers in the state are the University of Michigan, Michigan State University, and Wayne State University.
Economy
Michigan's gross domestic product was $365 billion. The state's per capita income, for its part, was $31,178, the twentieth in the country. Michigan's unemployment rate is 7.1%, third among US states, behind only Alaska and Oregon.
The primary sector contributes 1% of Michigan's GDP. The state has 52,000 farms, which occupy about 35% of the state. Agriculture and livestock together account for 0.92% of the state's GDP, and employ approximately 128,000 people. Michigan is a national leader in the agricultural industry. The main agricultural products produced in the state are wheat, soybeans, apples, corn, and bovine cattle —meat and milk. The fishing and timber industry together account for 0.08% of the state's GDP and employ approximately four thousand people.
The secondary sector accounts for 30% of Michigan's GDP. The total value of the products manufactured in the state is 96 billion dollars. The main industrialized products manufactured in the state are automobiles, trucks, buses, machinery, and chemical products. Detroit is one of the largest centers of the world's automobile industry, earning it the nickname The Capital of the Automobile. The state produces more cars, trucks, and buses than any other US state. In this state are the headquarters of the so-called "Big Three of the American automotive industry", which are spread over the cities of Auburn Hills (FCA US, ex-Chrysler Corporation), Dearborn (Ford Motor Company) and Detroit (General Motors). The manufacturing industry accounts for 26% of the state's GDP, employing approximately one million people. The construction industry accounts for 5% of the state's GDP and employs approximately 300,000 people. Mining accounts for 1% of Michigan's GDP, employing about 14,000 people. The main mining natural resources extracted in the state are iron, natural gas, oil and copper.
The tertiary sector contributes 69% of Michigan's GDP. About 20% of the state's GDP comes from community and personal services. This sector employs more than a million people. Wholesale and retail trade accounts for 17% of the state's GDP, and employs approximately 1.3 million people. Michigan's commerce is aided by tourism, which became a major source of income for the state beginning in the 1960s. Financial and real estate services account for more than 14% of the state's GDP, employing approximately 375 a thousand people. Government services account for 10% of Michigan's GDP, employing approximately 680,000 people. Transportation, telecommunications, and public utilities employ 210,000 people and account for 7% of Michigan's GDP.
70% of the electricity generated in the state is produced in coal-fired thermoelectric plants, and most of the rest is produced in natural gas-fired or hydroelectric plants.
Infrastructures
Transportation
The Mackinac Bridge is the only means of direct access between the Upper Peninsula and the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. This bridge is the third longest suspension bridge in the world, with its eight kilometers in length. The Ambassador Bridge connects Detroit with the Canadian city of Windsor and is one of the main cross-border communication routes in North America.
Detroit is the state's major rail, highway, airport, and port hub. In 2002, Michigan had 5,985 kilometers of railways. In 2003, the state had 196,697 kilometers of public highways, of which 2,000 kilometers were interstate highways, part of the United States federal highway system.
The busiest port in the state is Detroit. Another important port center is Sault Ste. Marie. These ports are important for the transportation of minerals mined in Michigan's interior and Upper Peninsula, as well as cars, trucks, and vehicles produced in the Detroit metropolitan region, to other regions. The Soo Locks connect Lake Superior to the rest of the Great Lakes. Six railway companies provide cargo transportation services, and two offer passenger transportation services between the main cities of the state. Michigan's busiest airport is Detroit International Airport.
Media
The first newspaper published in Michigan was the Detroit Gazette, first published in Detroit in 1817. Today, about 660 newspapers are published in the state, of which approximately 80 are daily newspapers. About 250 newspapers are printed.
Michigan's first radio station was founded in 1920, and the state's first television station was founded in 1947, both in Detroit. Currently, Michigan has about 280 radio stations and approximately 85 television stations.
Culture
In the state of Michigan is the Detroit Institute of Arts and the Detroit Public Library. Culturally relevant characters such as Francis Ford Coppola, Stevie Wonder, Diana Ross, Iggy Pop, Michael Moore, Madonna, Eminem, Tyler Oakley, etc. have emerged from the state of Michigan.
Sports
Michigan is represented in all four major professional leagues by a team from Detroit: the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball, the Detroit Lions of the National Football League, the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League, and the Detroit Pistons of the National Basketball Association.
The state's two major college sports teams are the Michigan Wolverines and Michigan State Spartans, who have won national titles in football and basketball and are bitter rivals in the Big Ten Conference.
Detroit's street circuit has hosted dates of the Formula 1, CART, IndyCar Series, American Le Mans Series, Rolex Sports Car Series and United SportsCar Championship. For its part, the Michigan International Speedway is a super oval where the CART and the NASCAR Cup have run.
Oakland Hills has hosted numerous editions of the US Open and the PGA Championship.
Status symbols
- Flower: Apple BlossomCoronary Pyrus), since 1897.
- Bird: Migratory ZorzalTurdus migratoriusSince 1931.
- Rock: Hexagonaria pericarnata (petrified coral located north of the Inferior Peninsula), since 1965.
- Fish: Since 1965 it is the trout, and the legislature of Michigan specified in 1988 that it was specifically Salvelinus fontinalis.
- Reptile: Painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) (since 1995).
- Fosil: American mastodon (Mammut americanum), since 2002.
- Tree: Pinus strobussince 1955.
- Gema: Chlorastrolita (since 1972).
- Wild flora: Iris lacustre (Iris lacustre)Iris lacustris) since 1998.
- Mammal: White tail deer (Odocoileus virginianus), since 1997, and traditionally the glutton (Gulo gulo)
(Source: Symbols of Michigan State)
Sister States
Shiga Prefecture, Japan
Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Contenido relacionado
Bolivar state
Orion
California (disambiguation)
Westchester
San Isidro (Buenos Aires)