Mburucuya National Park
The Mburucuyá National Park is a protected area of 17,682 ha between 43 and 77 ca located in the Mburucuyá department of the Corrientes province, in the northeast of Argentina. Due to its natural characteristics it is of a representative area of the environments of the northwest of Corrientes. Of great conservation interest are the yatay savannahs and the parque savannahs present in the national park and in decline in Argentina.
Its location in the region of the Iberá marshes means that one of its main characteristics is the numerous wetlands. Among the main functions of these, we can mention the provision of water, the regulation of floods and droughts, the removal of toxins and the stabilization of microclimates.
History
Already 5000 years ago hunter-gatherers lived in the place who took advantage of the resources offered by the environment. In more recent times, the Guarani inhabited the region, organizing themselves in villages where they cultivated and collected resources for their food and exchange with other peoples. Among the most popular crops, we can mention corn, squash, cotton, beans, yerba mate and cassava.
From the occupation of the territory by the Spanish colonizers, the harmonious relationship that the native peoples maintained with the natural environment was substantially modified. Livestock, extensive agriculture and the indiscriminate felling of native trees became commonplace.
The current constructions that can be seen in the national park correspond to the XX century and consist mainly of posts for laborers who They worked in the cattle establishments of the place, and helmets where owners and administrators lived.
After World War II, Danish botanist Dr. Troels Myndel Pedersen traveled to Argentina to take over the field his father Niel Peter Pedersen had bought in the 1920s. carry out a more rational grazing, contributed substantially to reversing the deterioration of the environment. His action concluded with the donation of land for the creation of the national park, with the aim of maintaining the environment and calling for reflection on the history of the place.
Creation and legislation
On November 27, 1991 Pedersen and his wife Nina Johanne Sinding signed the deed of donation to the National Parks Administration of 7 fields for the creation of the national park. The donation was accepted by the APN through resolution 002/1992 of January 15, 1992.
FIRST: The Society in Comandita for Actions PEDERSEN and Cía, through the present, grants in donation to the Administration of National Parks, Agency belonging to the National State, the fields of its property that are identified in the following section, located in MBURUCUYA, Province of Corrientes, for the express purpose of being incorporated into the conservation system regulated by Law 22,351 of National Parks and National Monuments.
SECOND: The property subject to this donation is as follows:
(1) A field fraction located in the 2nd Rural Section of the Department of MBURUCUYA, constant of 246 has, 62 a, and 4 cas., scored in the Journal under No. 15.869 of 20 November 1970, and registered in the Domain Protocol of Mburucuyá under Number 69, folio 88, volume 1, and in the Directorate of Catastro of ADREMA M1-118-3.
(2) A field located in the 3rd Rural Section of the MBURUCUYA Department, constant of 14,629 hectares, 1 a., 69 cas, inscribed in the Mburucuyá Protocol to folio 30, No. 29, on 13 March 1963, and in the Catastro Directorate at ADREMA M1-87-3.
(3) A field fraction located in the 2nd Rural Section of the Department of MBURUCUYA, constant of 18 has, 4 ace, 50 cas., inscribed in the Protocol of Mburucuyá to Tomo I, folio 31, No 70, on 13 March 1963 and in the Directorate of Catastro under ADREMA M1-1228-2.
(4) The hereditary rights in a field located in MANANTIALES, 2nd Rural Section of the Department of Mburucuyá, constant of 22 hectares, 1 a., 76 cas, inscribes to Volume I, Cession of Rights, in marginal note to folio 62, No. 21, 13 March 1963 and in the Directorate of Catastro in ADREMA M1-545-2.
(5) A property located in the Punta Grande Paraje of the 3rd Rural Section of the Department of MBURUCUYA, constant of 132,5864 has, provisionally registered in the Register of Property in the Journal under No. 16718, Folio 372, Mburucuyá Department, on 12 December 1980, making the final registration on 2 February 1981-364 and in the Directorate of Catastro under ADREMA1-364.
6) A field fraction of 21 hectares, 13 a.m., 4 cas., annotated in the Journal under No. 15.869, and inscribed in the Domain Protocol of the Department of Mburucuyá under No. 69, folio 88, volume 1o, and in the Catastro Directorate at ADREMA M1-230-3.
7) A 45-ha field fraction. Located in the 2nd Rural Section of the Department of MBURUCUYA, annotated in the Journal under No. 15,870 on 20 November 1970 and inscribed in the Domain Protocol of the Department of Mburucuyá under No. 68, Folio 87, Volume 1 and in the General Directorate of Catastro under ADREMA M1-291-3 on 15 January 1971.
In January 1994, the National Parks Administration assigned a park ranger, a biologist, and two brigade members to manage the fields destined to be the Mburucuyá National Park, although the fields continued as livestock establishments in accordance with the provisions of the contract for donation. In 1998 an agreement was signed to establish the terms and modalities for the retirement before June 2000 of the existing personnel and finances. In 1999 two park rangers joined.
On June 20, 1995, the Corrientes Legislature enacted Law No. 4930, ceding eminent domain and jurisdiction over an area of 15,060 hectares destined for a national park. The law was promulgated by decree 1483/1995 of June 28, 1995.
ARTICLE 1. For the purpose of its involvement in the regime of Law 22,351 of National Parks, Natural Monuments and National Reserves, the eminent domain and jurisdiction of the area located in the Department of Mburucuyá, which covers a total of 15,060 hectares and whose cadastral and dominial data are recorded in Annex I which in five fojas is an integral part of the present.
Given the provisions of Article 2 of the Constitution of Corrientes, a second law was necessary.
Article No. 2. (...) Any law that is enacted by amending the province ' s current jurisdiction over part of its territory, either by assignment, annexation or in any other way, such as the one that ratifies treaties on limits to be held, shall be punished twice by both Legislative Chambers. The first and second sanction will be required to be spaced for a legislative period, requiring two thirds of the total votes of the members of each House on both occasions. The first sanction will be widely publicized, with the knowledge that the matter will be considered for the second time in the subsequent legislative period.
The second law (No. 5194) was enacted on July 8, 1997:
ARTICLE 1. Ratifícase in all its parts and as a second sanction in the terms of Article 2 of the Constitution of the Province, the content of Provincial Law 4930 and its Annex I promulgated by Decree 1.483 of 28 June 1995 of the Provincial Executive.
In the deed registered on January 10, 2000, it was established that the 6 ceded fields had 17,660 ha 41 to 91 ca, plus the field in which the hereditary rights were ceded from 22 ha 1 to 86 ca, totaling 17,682 ha 43 to 77 ca. The surface occupied by the provincial route 86 is of 44 has 24 to 39 ca. The difference was more than 2620 ha more with respect to the area that was supposed.
On June 27, 2001, this national park was created with a surface area of 15,060 hectares, through the enactment of Law No. 25447, which was promulgated by Decree No. 129/2002 on January 17, 2002.
ARTICLE 1 — Acéptase la cession, carried by the province of Corrientes to the national state, through the law sanctioned on 21 June 1995 by the Honorable Legislature of that province that leads to 4930, doublely sanctioned through the Law 5194/97, of the jurisdiction and the eminent domain on an area of 15.060 hectares, located in the Department of the annexed Mburucutura, whose provincial nomenclatos.
Natural resources
In this area you can appreciate characteristics typical of three different natural regions: the chaco , the espinal and the paraná jungle .
The Eastern Chaco
It is made up of forests, palm groves, grasslands, grasslands and estuaries. Some characteristic species of this natural region are the red quebracho from Chaco, the white quebracho, the urunday and the viraró. In lower areas you can see specimens of carob trees and caranday palms.
The Paraná jungle
It appears in the form of small mountains or mogotes, made up of plant species such as the pindó palm, the timbó and the laurel.
The spinal cord
It is represented by palm groves of yatay, grass steppes and various xeric forests.
Another of the attractions of this Park are the nearly 150 species of birds that inhabit it, along with the varied fauna that allows you to find capybaras, alligators, foxes, mulitas, jaguarundi cats, and carayá monkeys. Among the main endangered species are the maned maned wolf, the river otter and the swamp deer.
The fish fauna is concentrated especially in the Estero de Santa Lucía, which is part of the protected area. The gold and the surubí are the main exponents of it, and true symbols of the rivers of the region.
Physical-geographical characteristics
Floor
The park's soils have a loamy-sandy texture, it does not lose its permeability because the layer of sand is on a layer of clay.
Climate
It has a warm climate, with the subtropical variety without a dry season, minimum annual thermal amplitude and abundant rainfall that decreases from northeast to southwest and is distributed regularly throughout the year. The average rainfall is 1300 mm in the province. In the park, winter is the driest season while autumn is the rainiest.
Zoography
There are 33 varieties of mammals including the Aguará-Guazú, a reddish fox with black legs, also the Carayá monkey or howler monkey, the Aguará Popé, the brown deer or guazuncho and the swamp deer, among them we also find to the capybaras, the nutria, and the river wolf.
73 species of fish in which the dorado lives, which is a species considered of national value for its commercial and sporting value.
28 species of amphibians: Pedersen's frog, the frog of the cardas, there are also the black alligators and the ñato or overo.
40 species of reptiles, among them the curiyú and the aquatic boa.
309 kinds of birds: Dominican Monjita, rhea, collared yetapá, tailed tachubí, chestnut capuchin, gray-crowned capuchin, white-breasted capuchin. There is also the large toucan, the tuyuyú or juan grande.
Infrastructure and tourism
Accesses
The national park is located about 11 kilometers from the town of Mburucuyá and 10 km from Palmar Grande. Both towns are connected to the national park by Provincial Route 86, which runs through it in an east-west direction. This route is the main access road to the national park.
The Mburucuyá National Park is located 163 km from the city of Corrientes, and can be accessed from there by National Route 12 and Provincial Routes 17 and 13.
Provincial Route 13 passes one km from the northern border of the national park, but without access to it.
Trails
The park has two self-guided trails:
- Yatay Trail. Part of the historic center of the Santa Teresa Estancia. After traveling 3 km you reach the Santa Lucia estuary where there is a dock from where different bird species can be observed and occasionally carpinchos and yacarés. Difficulty: low.
- Sendero Che Roga. Travel around a small area of palm trees and populated lagoons of aquatic birds. Difficulty: low.
- Yapé Porá. It consists of a short walk across the Public Use Area that tells the history of the park and its past life, before being donated to the National State when it was a cattle ranch.
Recreational Activities
There are recreational activities, a camp that includes grills, drinking water and toilets, as well as walks along different trails where palm groves can be observed, and aquatic communities related to the park's lagoons and extensive laurel mountains. There is no charge for access and the park is open 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
Administration
By resolution no. which is headed by a designated intendant, on which 4 departments depend (Administration; Works and Maintenance; National Park Rangers; Conservation and Public Use) and the Division of Dispatch and Desk of Entrances, Exits, and Notifications. The administration has its headquarters in the town of Mburucuyá.