May 23

May 23 is the 143rd (one hundred forty-third) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar and the 144th in leap years. There are 222 days left to end the year.

Events

• 1430: Joan of Arc is captured by the Bourgons.
• 1482: the abencerrages enter the Albaicín (Spain) and proclaim Boabdil king of Granada, after a bitter battle with the followers of Muley Hacén.
• 1493: In Spain, the Catholic Kings ordered the shipment to the new continent of 25 horses from the former Nasrid Kingdom of Granada.
• 1533: In England, the marriage between Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon is annulled.
• 1555: In Rome, the religious Gian Pietro Caraffa is elected Pope with the name of Paul IV.
• 1575: the village of San Salvador (now the capital of El Salvador), which had few hundred inhabitants, suffers the first of its many macros, which completely destroys it. There's no record of deadly victims. Six years later another earthquake will destroy it again, and in 1594 for the third time.
• 1618: The third defensive of Prague, triggered by the Thirty Years War, occurs.
• 1807: in Montevideo (Uruguay) appears The Star of the SouthFirst newspaper published in the city.
• 1822: In England, the works of the first railroad begin between the cities of Stockton and Darlington.
• 1823: In Madrid, Spain, the Cien Mil Hijos de San Luis, a French expedition in charge of restoring the absolutism of Fernando VII, are without resistance.
• 1844: In Persia (now Iran), the Persian prophet Siyyid Ali Muhammad (The Bab) announces his mission. He is currently considered the precursor of Bahaulá (founder of Bahaism).
• 1845: The Spanish Courts vote a new Constitution.
• 1873: Royal Canadian Mounted Police is established.
• 1915: Italy declares war on the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the framework of the First World War.
• 1924: In the Soviet Union the 13th Congress of the CPUS is held, where the thesis of Trotski and the leftist opposition are condemned.
• 1927: in Gansu Province, China, an earthquake of magnitude 8.0 in the Richter scale leaves a balance of 41,419 victims.
• 1929: in Mexico City, student protest at the National School of Jurisprudence demanding self-governance, freedom of professorship and freedom of thought, which led to the autonomy of the then-called National University of Mexico, which became the National Autonomous University of Mexico (Día del Estudiante en México).
• 1934: In the United States, the police kill Bonnie and Clyde.
• 1936: In Buenos Aires, the Obelisk, a true porteño icon, is inaugurated.
• 1945: At the end of World War II, Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS, committed suicide while being guarded by the Allies.
• 1949: Bonn promulgates the Basic Law of Bonn which is founded by the Federal Republic of Germany.
• 1951: in Venezuela the orchid national flower is decreed.
• 1958: in Venezuela the turpial is named national bird.
• 1962: Near the archeological zone of Xochicalco, 126 km south of Mexico City – where he was hiding from the attacks of President Adolfo López Mateos – the Mexican revolutionary and guerrilla of peasant origin Rubén Jaramillo (62), along with his pregnant wife and three of his sons, as well as his nephews and several fellow students and veteran peasants. Only his mother-in-law and daughter Rachel survived the massacre.
• 1963: Fidel Castro receives the title “hero of the Soviet Union”.
• 1963: Central Park in New York, is declared National Historic Site of the United States.
• 1979: Greece signs its accession to the European Economic Community.
• 1979: In Nicaragua, President General Anastasio Somoza Debayle created by decree the Volcano Masaya National Park in full insurrection against his government.
• 1981: in Spain the atraco occurs to the Central Bank branch in Barcelona.
• 1982: It is premiered in the UK The Wall (The Film) musical by Pink Floyd.
• 1986: in Spain, Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa receives the Prince of Asturias Award of Letters.
• 1992: In Italy, the anti-mafia judge Giovanni Falcone is assassinated.
• 1993: elections are held in Cambodia after thirteen years of civil war.
• 1995: in the field of computer science, Sun company officially develops programming language Java.
• 2000: one km east of the island of Riou—about 20 km southeast of Marseille (France)—a diver named Luc Vanrell finds the remains of a P-38 Lightning plane near where the bracelet of the writer and aviator Antoine de Saint-Exuperý was found. The remains of the plane will be recovered in October 2003, and on 7 April 2004, researchers from the Underwater Archaeology Department will confirm that the remains are those of the Saint-Exupéry plane.
• 2000: The Cuban-American singer-songwriter Gloria Estefan launches her ninth studio album and third album in Spanish entitled Caribbean Soul.
• 2004: at Charles de Gaulle Airport, part of Terminal 2E collapses, killing four people.
• 2008: In Brasilia, the Constituent Treaty of the Unasur (Union of South American Nations) is signed, a political and economic community composed of the twelve South American countries.
• 2009: Hilda Díaz, founded El Día Internacional del Primer Beso, in Catia la Mar, Estado Vargas, Venezuela.
• 2010: in Rosario, the Rosario Central football club descends to the First National B after 26 years.
• 2010: the last chapter of the series issued Lost (Lost), one of the most successful series worldwide, simultaneously worldwide.
• 2010: The Japanese company Nintendo launches the Super Mario Galaxy 2 market for the Wii console in the United States.
• 2011: in Chile, the remains of former President Salvador Allende are exhumed to completely clarify the cause of his death, which occurred during the 1973 coup d'état in Chile.
• 2012: the first round of the presidential elections in Egypt is celebrated, the first pluralists in their history.
• 2012: The Gendarmerie of the Vatican City arrests the butler of Pope Benedict XVI, Paolo Gabriele (46) for allegedly revealing secret documents (which appeared in the book His Holiness: the secret papers of Benedict XVI). The Vatileaks case begins.
• 2015: 60th edition of the Eurovision Song Festival held in Vienna, Austria.
• 2015: beatification of the Archbishop of San Salvador Óscar Romero, bishop and Salvadoran martyr; in a Mass celebrated in San Salvador, the capital of El Salvador, by Cardinal Angelo Amato, sent by Pope Francis.
• 2017: in Seoul (South Korea) debuts the male group of k-pop A.C.E.
• 2018: The music video of Fall In Line by Christina Aguilera was released with Demi Lovato.
• 2021: The Billboard Music Awards were held at the Microsoft Theatre. The presenter was Nick Jonas.

Births

• 1052: Philip I, French king (f. 1108).
• 1450: Giovanni Caboto, navigator and Italian explorer (f. 1499).
• 1606: Juan Caramuel, philosopher, mathematician, logic and Spanish linguist (f. 1682).
• 1676: Johann Bernhard Bach, organist, carver and German composer (f. 1749).
• 1707: Carlos Linneo, naturalist and Swedish doctor (f. 1778).
• 1718: William Hunter, anatomist and Scottish-British physician (f. 1783).
• 1729: Giuseppe Parini, Italian poet (f. 1799).
• 1730: Augusto Fernando de Prussia, general and aristocrat (“prince”) Prussian (f. 1813).
• 1734: Franz Anton Mesmer, German physician, discoverer of hypnotism (f. 1815).
• 1741: Andrea Luchesi, Italian composer (f. 1801).
• 1768: Auguste Marie Taunay, French sculptor (f. 1824).
• 1779: Rita Pérez de Moreno, Mexican independent activist (f. 1861), wife of Pedro Moreno.
• 1790: Jules Dumont D'Urville, French explorer (f. 1842).
• 1790: James Pradier, French sculptor (f. 1852).
• 1794: Ignaz Moscheles, Czech composer and pianist (f. 1870).
• 1795: Charles Barry, British architect (f. 1860).
• 1799: Manuel María de Llano, doctor, politician and Mexican journalist (f. 1863).
• 1804: Rómulo Díaz de la Vega, Mexican military and political (n. 1877).
• 1810: Margaret Fuller, American journalist and activist (f. 1850).
• 1811: José de Salamanca and Mayol, a Spanish entrepreneur and politician (f. 1883).
• 1819: August von Kreling, German sculptor (f. 1876).
• 1834: Carl Bloch, Danish painter (f. 1890).
• 1843: Joaquín Vayreda, a Spanish painter (f. 1894).
• 1844: `Abdu'l-Bahá, Persian religious leader (f. 1921), the eldest son of Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of Bahaism.
• 1848: Otto Lilienthal, inventor and German aeronautical engineer (f. 1896).
• 1851: Luis Ricardo Falero, painter, inventor and Spanish engineer (f. 1896).
• 1852: Roberto Wernicke, doctor, bacteriologist, educator and Argentine researcher (f. 1922).
• 1855: Enrique de las Morenas and Fossi, a Spanish military officer (f. 1898), and one of the last of the Philippines.
• 1859: Emilio Barilari, Argentinian Marine (f. 1924).
• 1872: Eduardo Hernández-Pacheco and Estevan, a Spanish archaeologist (f. 1965).
• 1874: Manuel del Busto, Spanish architect (f. 1948)
• 1875: Alfred P. Sloan, American businessman (f. 1966), President of General Motors.
• 1882: Lauro Aguirre Espinosa, Mexican educator and promoter of normal teaching (f. 1928).
• 1883: Douglas Fairbanks, American actor (f. 1939).
• 1884: Corrado Gini, Italian sociologist (f. 1965).
• 1890: Herbert Marshall, British actor (f. 1966).
• 1890: Rafael Buelna, Mexican military (f. 1924).
• 1891: Pär Fabien Lagerkvist, Swedish writer, nobel literature award in 1951 (f. 1974).
• 1892: Pichichi (Rafael Moreno Aranzadi), Spanish footballer (f. 1922).
• 1896: Felix Steiner, German military and political (f. 1966).
• 1897: Alberto Hidalgo, Peruvian writer (f. 1967).
• 1900: Hans Frank, German Nazi leader (f. 1946)
• 1900: Franz Neumann, German politician (f. 1954)
• 1903: Charles William Morris, American philosopher (f. 1979).
• 1905: René Cóspito, musician and Argentine actor (f. 2000).
• 1905: Ramiro Ledesma Ramos, a Spanish politician and writer (f. 1936).
• 1906: Lucha Reyes, Mexican singer (f. 1944).
• 1908: John Bardeen, U.S. physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 and 1972 (f. 1991).
• 1908: Annemarie Schwarzenbach, Swiss journalist (f. 1942).
• 1910: Franz Kline, American painter (f. 1962).
• 1910: Artie Shaw, director of American jazz orchestra and clarinetist (f. 2004).
• 1912: Jean Françaix, French composer (f. 1997).
• 1917: Jorge Gottau, Argentine priest (f. 1994).
• 1917: Edward Lorenz, American mathematician and meteorologist (f. 2008).
• 1919: Ruth Fernández, Puerto Rican singer (f. 2012).
• 1919: Luis Papic Ramos, Chilean politician (f. 1990).
• 1921: Grigori Chujrái, director of Soviet cinema (f. 2001)
• 1923: Eduardo Lourenço, philosopher and Portuguese writer (f. 2020).
• 1923: Alicia de Larrocha, a Spanish pianist (f. 2009).
• 1924: Karlheinz Deschner, German historian, critic and essayist (f. 2014).
• 1924: Seymour Jonathan Singer, American cell biologist (f. 2017).
• 1925: Joshua Lederberg, American geneticist, Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1958 (f. 2008).
• 1926: Joe Slovo, a South African Jewish Communist politician of Lithuanian origin (f. 1995).
• 1927: Dieter Hildebrandt, German cabaret artist (f. 2013).
• 1928: Rosemary Clooney, American singer and actress (f. 2002).
• 1928: Nigel Davenport, British film and television actor (f. 2013).
• 1930: Friedrich Achleitner, Austrian writer (f. 2019).
• 1930: Jordi Solé Tura, Spanish politician (f. 2009).
• 1931: José Luis Coll, humorist and Spanish writer (f. 2007).
• 1933: Joan Collins, British actress.
• 1934: Robert Moog, American inventor (f. 2005).
• 1936: Philip Kaufman, American filmmaker.
• 1940: Gérard Larrousse, pilot and director of French motor racing team.
• 1940: Cora Sadosky, Argentine mathematics (f. 2010).
• 1942: José Pastoriza, footballer and technical director of Argentina (f. 2004).
• 1944: John Newcombe, Australian tennis player.
• 1944: Lena Nyman, Swedish actress (f. 2011).
• 1946: Rodolfo Aicardi, Colombian singer of popular music (f. 2007).
• 1947: Ann Hui, filmmaker and screenwriter hongkonesa.
• 1949: Alan García, Peruvian lawyer and politician, president of Peru between 1985-1990 and 2006-2011 (f. 2019).
• 1949: Isabel Celaá, politics and Spanish professor.
• 1951: Anatoli Kárpov, Russian chess player.
• 1952: Anne-Marie David, French singer.
• 1952: Federico Trillo, Spanish politician.
• 1953: Enzo Trossero, footballer and Argentine coach.
• 1956: Ursula Plassnik, Austrian politics.
• 1957: Jimmy McShane, British singer (f. 1995).
• 1958: Drew Carey, American actor.
• 1958: Thomas Reiter, German astronaut.
• 1958: Américo Villarreal Anaya, Mexican politician.
• 1961: Lucía Galán, singer and Argentine actress.
• 1963: Alberto Canapino, Argentine competition car repairer (f. 2021).
• 1965: Manuel Sanchís, Spanish footballer.
• 1965: Tom Tykwer, German filmmaker.
• 1965: Melissa McBride, American actress.
• 1967: Zague (Luis Roberto Alves), Mexican footballer.
• 1967: Phil Selway, British musician, Radiohead.
• 1969: Laurent Aïello, a French motorist pilot.
• 1971: George Osborne, British politician.
• 1972: Rubens Barrichello, Brazilian motor racing driver.
• 1972: Sebastián Cordero, Ecuadorian filmmaker.
• 1972: Kira Iris San, Mexican policy
• 1973: Santiago Eximeno, Spanish writer.
• 1973: Juan José Padilla, Spanish bullfighter.
• 1974: Jewel, American singer and actress.
• 1974: Mónica Naranjo, Spanish singer.
• 1974: Sebastián Wainraich, actor, humorist and Argentine television driver.
• 1974: María Soledad Rosas, activist anarchist italo-argentina.
• 1976: Antonio Naelson Sinha Matias, Mexican-Brazilian footballer.
• 1976: Kelly Monaco, American actress.
• 1976: Emiliano Spataro, pilot of Argentine motor racing.
• 1977: Sergio Mur, Spanish actor.
• 1977: Sergio Fernández González, Spanish footballer.
• 1978: Scott Raynor, American drummer, Blink-182.
• 1978: Mauricio Martínez, actor, singer and Mexican dancer.
• 1978: 2-D, lead vocalist of Gorillaz
• 1980: Look Ibarguren, Spanish actress.
• 1980: Josh Cooley, American filmmaker.
• 1981: Gwenno Pipette, British singer (The Pipettes).
• 1982: Malene Mortensen, Danish singer.
• 1983: Heidi Range, British singer (Sugababes).
• 1983: Alex Shelley, American professional fighter.
• 1983: Silvio Proto, Belgian footballer.
• 1983: Ante Tomić, Croatian footballer.
• 1984: Adam Wylie, American actor.
• 1984: Hugo Almeida, Portuguese footballer.
• 1987: Ezequiel Cwirkaluk «El Polaco», Argentine singer.
• 1987: Luis Angel Lento «El Cuervo», Argentine actor.
• 1988: Angelo Ogbonna, Italian footballer.
• 1989: Santiago Mangoni, pilot of Argentine motor racing.
• 1991: Lena Meyer-Landrut, German singer.
• 1993: Guillermo Fernández Hierro, Spanish footballer.
• 1996: Çağlar Söyüncü, Turkish footballer.
• 1997: Joe Gomez, British footballer.
• 1999: James Charles, American youtuber.
• 2009: Alia and Gabriella De Vercelli twins, Australian actresses.

Deaths

• 230: Urban I, Italian potato (n. c. 180).
• 922: Li Sizhao, general and Chinese governor (n. c. 860).
• 1125: Henry V, German emperor (n. 1086).
• 1304: Jehan de Lescurel, troubadour, composer and French poet (n. h. 1270), executed by hanging along with three other clerics of Notre Dame Cathedral, for corruption and crimes against women.
• 1423: Benedict XIII of Avignon (Pedro de Luna), «antipa» from 1394 to 1423 (n. 1328).
• 1498: Girolamo Savonarola, Italian Dominican friar (n. 1452).
• 1523: Ashikaga Yoshitane, 10.o shogun ashikaga Japanese (n. 1466).
• 1627: Luis de Góngora, poet and Spanish playwright (n. 1561).
• 1691: Adrien Auzout, French astronomer (n. 1622).
• 1701: William Kidd, Scottish-British pirate (n. 1655).
• 1786: Móric Benyovszky, Slovak explorer (n. 1746).
• 1839: Henri Louis Villaume Ducoudray Holstein, German military (n. 1776).
• 1841: Franz Xaver von Baader, German philosopher and theologian (n. 1765).
• 1842: José de Espronceda, Spanish poet (n. 1808).
• 1848: Thomas Escalante governor of the State of Sonora (n. 1746).
• 1857: Augustin Louis Cauchy, French mathematician (n. 1789).
• 1868: Kit Carson, US border resident (n. 1809).
• 1872: Georges François Reuter, a French naturalist (n. 1805).
• 1882: José María Marchessi and Oleaga, a Spanish military officer (n. 1801).
• 1886: Leopold von Ranke, German historian (n. 1795).
• 1906: Henrik Ibsen, Norwegian playwright (n. 1828).
• 1908: François Coppée, French poet and novelist (n. 1842).
• 1918: Maxime Maufra, a French painter (n. 1861).
• 1921: Walter de Navazio, Argentine painter (n. 1887).
• 1933: José María Vargas Vila, a Colombian writer (n. 1860).
• 1934: Bonnie and Clyde (23 and 25 respectively), American outlaws (n. 1910 and 1909 respectively).
• 1937: John D. Rockefeller, American businessman (n. 1839).
• 1940: Paul Nizan, French writer (n. 1905).
• 1940: Gaston-Henri Billotte, French military (n. 1875).
• 1943: William Aberhart, a Canadian politician (n. 1878).
• 1945: Heinrich Himmler (44), German military and political (n. 1900).
• 1961: Piet Kramer, Dutch architect (n. 1881).
• 1962: Rubén Jaramillo, Mexican politician (n. 1900).
• 1965: David Smith, American sculptor (n. 1906).
• 1981: George Jessel, American actor (n. 1898).
• 1985: Pedro Coronel, Mexican painter (n. 1923).
• 1986: Sterling Hayden, American actor and writer (n. 1916).
• 1988: Aya Kitō, Japanese author (n. 1962).
• 1991: Wilhelm Kempff, pianist and German composer (n. 1895).
• 1992: Giovanni Falcone, Italian judge killed by the mafia (n. 1939).
• 1992: Atahualpa Yupanqui (Héctor Chavero), Argentine folk singer (n. 1908).
• 1993: Luis Beltrán Prieto Figueroa, intellectual, educator and politician Venezuela (n. 1902).
• 1994: Joe Pass, American guitarist (n. 1929).
• 1996: Dorothy Hyson, American actress (n. 1914).
• 1999: Owen Hart, Canadian professional fighter (n. 1965).
• 2000: Chacho Muller, Argentine folk singer (n. 1929).
• 2001: Alessandro Natta, leader of the Italian Communist Party (n. 1918).
• 2003: Jean Yanne, French actor and director (n. 1933).
• 2004: Ramón Margalef, Spanish ecologist (n. 1919).
• 2005: Sígfrid Gracia, Spanish footballer (n. 1932).
• 2007: Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, French physicist, nobel prize of physics in 1991 (n. 1932).
• 2008: Iñaki Ochoa de Olza, Spanish mountaineer (n. 1967).
• 2009: Roh Moo-Hyun, South Korean President (n. 1946).
• 2009: José-Miguel Ullán, Spanish poet and journalist (n. 1944).
• 2011: Elisabeth Eidenbenz, nurse and Swiss philanthropist (n. 1911).
• 2011: Roberto Sosa, a Honduran poet (n. 1930).
• 2011: Xavier Tondo, Spanish cyclist (n. 1978).
• 2012: Santiago Antunez de Mayolo Rynning, politician, lawyer and Peruvian historian (n. 1913).
• 2013: Georges Moustaki, singer and French nationalized musician (n. 1934).
• 2014: Mona Freeman, American actress (n. 1926).
• 2015: John Forbes Nash, American mathematician, nobel economic award in 1994 (n. 1928).
• 2015: Anne Meara, American actress (n. 1929).
• 2015: Liudmila Kravets, Soviet military physician and Heroin of the Soviet Union (n. 1923).
• 2017: Roger Moore, British actor (n. 1927).
• 2018: Luis Posada Carriles, Cuban-Venezuelan spy and international agent (n. 1928).
• 2020: Eddie Sutton, American basketball player and coach (n. 1936).
• 2020: Hana Kimura, Japanese professional fighter (n. 1997).
• 2021: Ron Hill, marathonist and British textile entrepreneur (n. 1938).
• 2021: Eric Carle, writer and illustrator of American children's books (n. 1929).

Celebrations

• "Revelation of the Báb", sacred day in the Baha ' i calendar.
• Mexico: Student Day.
• International Day for the Eradication of the Obstetric Fistula
• World Turtle Day.

Catholic saints list

• San Desiderio de Langres
• San Efebo de Naples
• San Eutiquio de Nursia
• San Guiberto
• San Honorato de Subiaco
• St. John the Baptist of Rossi
• San Miguel de Sinada
• San Siagrio de Nice
• St. Spes of Nursia