Marshal of France

The canes of the four mariscales of the Second World War (Jean de Latre de Tassigny, Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, Alphonse Juin, Marie-Pierre Koenig), exhibited at the Musée de l'Armée.

Marshal of France (French: maréchal de France) is a former French military rank that has been converted, since World War I, into a state distinction. It has been awarded to generals for exceptional achievement or the whole of an outstanding career.

During the Old Regime and the Bourbon Restoration, the marshals were some of the great officers of the Crown and during the First French Empire one of the great dignitaries of the Empire, but during this period they were called marshals of the Empire.

In monarchical times, the symbolic attribute of the Marshal of France was a cane strewn (such is the heraldic expression) with fleurs-de-lis, the main element of the Bourbon coat of arms. Napoleon replaced those Bourbon flowers with his own eagles and later the republics recreated a cane strewn with stars. The canes have a Latin inscription: «TERROR BELLI, DECUS PACIS», which means «Terror in war, ornament in peace».

Modernly, the marshals of France have worn a uniform very similar to that of the generals but with seven stars on the cuffs, on the shoulders or on the kepis, depending on the uniform.

At various times in French history, six Marshals of France received the short-lived rank of Marshal General of France: Biron, Lesdiguières, Turenne, Villars, Maurice of Saxony, and Soult.

History

The title derived from the office of marescallus Franciae created by Philippe Augustus for Albéric Clément (circa 1190).

It later became a distinction that took precedence over the constable of France, which was originally a higher-ranking officer than the marshal. Until 1791, there were 256 Marshals of France.

The title was abolished by the National Convention in 1793. It was recreated during the First French Empire by Napoleon Bonaparte as "Marshal of the Empire." Under the Bourbon Restoration, the title reverted to Marshal of France and Napoleon III retained this name.

After the fall of Napoleon III and the Second French Empire, the title was not used by the Third Republic until World War I, when it was recreated as a military distinction rather than a rank.

Philippe Pétain, awarded the distinction of Marshal of France for his tenure as a general in World War I, retained his title even after his trial and imprisonment and after being stripped of other posts and titles.

The last living Marshal of France was Alphonse Pierre Juin, promoted in 1952, who died in 1967. The most recent Marshal of France has been Marie Pierre Koenig, who was appointed a Marshal in 1984 after her death in 1970.

Marshals of France

Direct Capetian Dynasty

• Queen of Philip II of France (1180-1223):
  • Albéric Clément (c.1165-1191), Marshal of France 1185.
  • Guillaume de Bournel (death in 1195), Marshal of France in 1192.
  • Levelon d'Arras (death in 1204), Marshal of France in 1202.
  • Henry I Clément, called the "Pequeño Mariscal", Lord of Le Mez and Argentan (1170-1214), Marshal of France in 1204.
  • Jean III Clément, Lord of Le Mez and Argentan (death in 1262), Marshal of France in 1214.
  • Guillaume de la Tournelle (unknown dates), Marshal of France in 1220.

• Queen of Louis IX of France (1226-1270):
  • Ferry Pasté, Lord of Challeranges (death in 1247), Marshal of France in 1240.
  • Jean Guillaume de Beaumont (dead in 1257), Marshal of France in 1250.
  • Henri de Cousances (death in 1268), Marshal of France in 1255.
  • Gauthier III, Lord of Nemours (death in 1270), Marshal of France in 1257.
  • Henri II Clément, Lord of Le Mez and Argentan (death in 1265), Marshal of France in 1262.
  • Heric de Beaujeu (death in 1270), Marshal of France in 1265.
  • Renaud de Précigny (death in 1270), Marshal of France in 1265.
  • Raoul II Sores (death in 1282), Marshal of France in 1270.
  • Lancelot de Saint-Maard (death in 1278), Marshal of France in 1270.

• Queen of Philip III of France (1270-1285):
  • Ferry de Verneuil (death in 1283), Marshal of France in 1272.
  • Guillaume V du Bec Crespin (death in 1283), Marshal of France in 1283.
  • Jean II d'Harcourt, Viscount of Châtellerault, Lord of Harcourt (death in 1302), Marshal of France in 1283.
  • Raoul V Le Flamenc (death in 1287), Marshal of France in 1285.

• Queen of Philip IV of France (1285-1314):
  • Jean de Varennes (death in 1292), Marshal of France in 1288.
  • Simon de Melun, Lord of La Loupe and Marcheville (death in 1302), Marshal of France in 1290.
  • Guy Ier de Clermont de Nesle (death in 1302), Marshal de France in 1292.
  • Foulques du Merle (death in 1314), Marshal of France in 1302.
  • Thousands of Noyers (death in 1350), Marshal of France in 1302.
  • Jean de Corbeil, Lord of Grez (death in 1318), Marshal of France in 1308.

• Queen of Louis X of France (1314-1316):
  • Juan IV de Beaumont (dead in 1318), Marshal of France in 1315.

• Reinado de Felipe V de Francia (1316-1322):
  • Mathieu de Trie (death in 1344), Marshal of France in 1318.
  • Jean des Barres (known dates), Marshal of France in 1318.
  • Bernard VI de Moreuil, Mr. Moreuil (death in 1350), Marshal of France in 1322.

• Queen of Charles IV of France (1322-1328):
  • Robert-Jean Bertran de Briquebec, Baron of Briquebec, Viscount of Roncheville (1285-1348), Marshal of France in 1325.

Valois Dynasty

• Queen of Philip VI of France (1328-1350):
  • Anseau de Joinville (1265-1343), Marshal of France in 1339.
  • Charles I de Montmorency, lord of Montmorency (1325-1381), Marshal of France in 1344.
  • Robert de Wavrin, Lord of Saint-Venant (death in 1360), Marshal of France in 1344.
  • Guy II de Nesle, Lord of Offémont and Mello (death in 1352), Marshal of France in 1345.
  • Édouard de Beaujeu, lord of Châteauneuf (1316-1351), marshal of France in 1347.

• Queen of John II of France (1350-1364):
  • Arnoul d'Audrehem, Lord of Audrehem (death in 1370), Marshal of France in 1351.
  • Rogues de Hangest, Mr of Avesnecourt (death in 1352), Marshal of France in 1352.
  • Jean de Clermont, Lord of Chantilly and Beaumont (death in 1356), Marshal of France in 1352.
  • Jean I Le Maingre (1310-1367), Marshal of France in 1356.

• Queen of Charles V of France (1364-1380):
  • Jean IV de Mauquenchy, Mr. de Blainville (death in 1391), Marshal of France in 1368.
  • Louis II de Champagne, Count of Sancerre (1342-1402), Marshal of France in 1369.

• Queen of Charles VI of France (1380-1422):
  • Juan Le Maingre (1364-1421), Marshal of France in 1391.
  • Jean II de Rieux, Lord of Rochefort and Rieux (1342-1417), Marshal of France in 1397.
  • Pierre de Rieux, Lord of Rochefort and Rieux (1389-1439), Marshal of France in 1417.
  • Claude de Beauvoir, Lord of Chastellux and Viscount of Avallon (1385-1453), Marshal of France in 1418.
  • Jean de Villiers de L'Isle-Adam (1384-1437), Marshal of France in 1418.
  • Jacques de Montberon, Lord of Engoumois (death in 1422), Marshal of France in 1418.
  • Gilbert Motier de La Fayette (1396-1464), Marshal of France in 1421.
  • Antoine de Vergy (death in 1439), Marshal of France in 1422.
  • Jean de La Baume, Count of Montrevel-en-Bresse (death in 1435), Marshal of France in 1422.

• Queen of Charles VII of France (1422-1461):
  • Amaury de Séverac, lord of Beaucaire and of Chaude-Aigues (death in 1427), marshal of France in 1424.
  • Jean de Brosse, Baron of Boussac and Sainte-Sévère (1375-1433), Marshal of France in 1426.
  • Gilles de Rais, lord of Ingrande and of Champtocé (1404-1440), marshal of France in 1429.
  • André de Laval-Montmorency, Lord of Lohéac and Retz (1408-1486), Marshal of France in 1439.
  • Philippe de Culant, Lord of Jaloignes, La Croisette, Saint-Armand and Chalais (death in 1454), Marshal of France in 1441.
  • Jean Poton de Xaintrailles, senescal de Limousin (1390-1461), Marshal de France in 1454.

• Queen of Louis XI of France (1461-1483):
  • Joachim Rouhault de Gamaches, Lord of Boismenard (death in 1478), Marshal of France in 1461.
  • Jean de Lescun, Count of Cominges (death in 1473), Marshal of France in 1461.
  • Wolfart VI Van Borselleen, lord of Vère in the Netherlands and count of Buchan in Scotland (death in 1487), marshal of France in 1464.
  • Pierre de Rohan de Gié, Lord of Rohan (1450-1514), Marshal of France in 1476.

• Queen of Charles VIII of France (1483-1498):
  • Philippe de Crèvecœur d'Esquerdes (1418-1494), Marshal of France in 1486.
  • Jean de Baudricourt, Lord of Choiseul and dance of Chaumont (death in 1499), Marshal of France in 1486.

Valois-Orleans dynasty

• Queen of Louis XII of France (1498-1515):
  • Jacques de Trivulce, Marquis de Vigevano (1448-1518), Marshal of France in 1499.
  • Carlos de Amboise, Lord of Chaumont, Meillan and Charenton (1473-1511), Marshal of France in 1506.
  • Odet de Foix, Viscount of Lautrec (1485-1528), Marshal of France in 1511.
  • Roberto Estuardo, Lord of Aubigny and Count of Lennox (1470-1544), Marshal of France in 1514.

Valois-Angouleme Dynasty

• Queen of Francis I of France (1515-1547):
  • Jacques II de Chabannes, Lord of La Palice (death in 1525), Marshal of France in 1515.
  • Gaspard I de Coligny, Lord of Chatillon-sur-Loing (death in 1522), Marshal of France in 1516.
  • Thomas de Foix-Lescun (death in 1525), Marshal of France in 1518.
  • Anne de Montmorency, Duke of Montmorency and Damville, Count of Beaumont-sur-Oise and of Dammartin, Viscount of Melun, first baron of France and great master, accountant of France, etc. (1492-1567), Marshal of France in 1522.
  • Théodor Trivulce (1458-1531), Marshal of France in 1526.
  • Roberto III de La Marck, Duke of Bouillon, Lord of Sedan (1491-1537), Marshal of France in 1526.
  • Claude d'Ailly, Lord of Annebaut (death in 1500), Marshal of France in 1538.
  • Claude d'Annebaut (1500-1552), Marshal of France in 1538.
  • René de Montjean (death in 1538), Mr. Montjean, Marshal of France in 1538.
  • Oudard du Biez, Lord of Le Biez (death in 1553), Marshal of France in 1542, dismissed in 1551.
  • Antoine de Lettes-Desprez, lord of Montpezat (1490-1544), marshal of France in 1544.
  • Jean Caraccioli, Prince of Melphes (1480-1550), Marshal of France in 1544.

• Queen of Henry II of France (1547-1559):
  • Jacques d'Albon de Saint-André, Marquis de Fronsac (death in 1562), Marshal de France 1547.
  • Robert IV de La Marck, Duke of Bouillon and Prince of Sedán (1520-1556), Marshal of France in 1547.
  • Charles I de Cossé-Brissac, Count of Brissac (1505-1563), Marshal of France in 1550.
  • Piero Strozzi, (1500-1558), Marshal of France in 1554.
  • Paul de La Barthe de Thermes, lord of Thermes (1482-1558), count of Cominges for real design. Marshal of France in 1558.

• Queen of Francis II of France (1559-1560):
  • Francisco de Montmorency, Duke of Montmorency (1520-1563), Marshal of France in 1559.

• Queen of Charles IX of France (1560-1574):
  • François de Scépeaux, Lord of Vieilleville (1509-1571), Marshal of France in 1562.
  • Imbert de La Plâtrière, lord of Bourdillon (1524-1567), marshal of France in 1564.
  • Enrique I de Montmorency, Lord of Damville, Duke of Montmorency, Count of Dammartin and Alais, Baron of Chateaubriant, Lord of Chantilly and Ecouen (1534-1614), Marshal of France in 1566.
  • Artus de Cossé-Brissac, Lord of Gonnor and Count of Secondigny (death in 1582), Marshal of France in 1567.
  • Gaspard de Saulx, Lord of Tavannes (1509-1575), Marshal of France in 1570.
  • Honorate II of Saboya, Marquis of Villars (death in 1580), Marshal of France in 1571.
  • Albert de Gondi, Duke of Retz (1522-1602), Marshal of France in 1573.

• Queen of Henry III of France (1574-1589):
  • Roger I de Saint Larry, Mr. Bellegarde (death in 1579), Marshal of France in 1574.
  • Blaise de Montluc, lord of Montluc (1500-1577), Marshal of France in 1574.
  • Armand de Gontaut, Baron of Biron (1524-1592), Marshal of France in 1577.
  • Jacques de Goyon, master of Matignon and Lesparre, count of Thorigny, prince of Mortagne sur Gironde (1525-1597), Marshal of France in 1579.
  • Jean VI d'Aumont, Baron of Estrabonne, Count of Châteauroux (death in 1580), Marshal of France in 1571.
  • Guillaume de Joyeuse, Viscount of Joyeuse, Lord of Saint-Didier, Laudun, Puyvert and Arques (1520-1592), Marshal of France in 1582.
  • François Gouffier, Lord of Crèvecœur, Bonnivet and Thois, Marquis de Deffends (death in 1594), Marshal of France in 1586.

Bourbon Dynasty

• Queen of Henry IV (1592-1602)
  • Enrique de la Tour d'Auvergne, Viscount of Turenne and Duke of Bouillon (1555-1623), Marshal of France in 1592
  • Charles de Gontaut, Duke of Biron (1562-1602), Marshal of France in 1594
  • Claude de La Chatre de La Maisonfort, Baron de la Maisonfort (1536-1614), Marshal of France in 1594
  • Jean de Montluc de Balagny (1560-1603), Marshal of France in 1594
  • Jean III de Beaumanoir, Marquis de Lavardin and Count of Nègrepelisse (1551-1614), Marshal of France in 1595
  • Henri de Joyeuse, Duke of Joyeuse (1567-1608), Marshal of France in 1595
  • Urbain de Montmorency-Laval, Marquis de Sablé (1557-1629), Marshal de France in 1595
  • Alphonse d'Ornano (1548-1610), Marshal of France in 1597
  • Guillaume de Hautemer de Grancey, Count of Grancey (1537-1613), Marshal of France in 1597
  • François de Bonne, Duke of Lesdiguières (1543-1626), Marshal of France in 1608

• Queen of Louis XIII (1613-1643)
  • Concino Concini, Marquis of Ancre (1575-1617), Marshal of France in 1613
  • Gilles de Courtenvaux de Souvré, marquis de Souvré (1540-1626), Marshal of France in 1614
  • Antoine de Roquelaure, Baron de Roquelaure (1560-1625), Marshal of France in 1614
  • Louis de La Châtre de Maisonfort, Baron of Maisonfort (death in 1630), Marshal of France in 1616
  • Pons de Lauzières-Thémines-Cardaillac, marquis de Thémines (1553-1627), marshal of France in 1616
  • François de La Grange d'Arquien, Mr. Montigny and Sery in Bérry (1554-1617), Marshal of France in 1616
  • Nicolas de L'Hôpital, Duke of Vitry (1581-1644), Marshal of France in 1617
  • Charles de Choiseul-Praslin, Count of Le Plessis-Praslin (1563-1626), Marshal of France in 1619
  • Jean François de La Guiche, Count of La Palice (1569-1632), Marshal of France in 1619
  • Honoré d'Albert d'Ailly, Duke of Chaulnes (1581-1649), Marshal of France in 1620
  • François d'Esparbes de Lussan d'Aubeterre, Viscount of Aubeterre (death in 1628), Marshal of France in 1620
  • Charles de Créquy de Lesdiguières, Prince of Poix, Duke of Lesdiguières (1580-1638), Marshal of France in 1621
  • Jacques-Nompar de Caumont, Duke of La Force (1558-1652), Marshal of France in 1621
  • François de Bassompierre, Marquis de Bassompierre (1579-1646), Marshal of France in 1622
  • Gaspard III de Coligny, Duke of Châtillon (1584-1646), Marshal of France in 1622
  • Henri de Schomberg, count of Schomberg (1574-1632), Marshal of France in 1625
  • Jean-Baptiste d'Ornano (1581-1626), Marshal of France in 1626
  • François Annibal d'Estrées, duke d'Estrées (1573-1670), Marshal of France in 1626
  • Timoléon d'Epinay de Saint-Luc (1580-1644), Marshal of France in 1627
  • Louis de Marillac, Count of Beaumont-le-Roger (1572-1632), Marshal of France in 1629
  • Henri II de Montmorency, Duke of Montmorency and Damville, also Admiral of France (1595-1632), Marshal of France in 1630
  • Jean de Saint-Bonnet, Marquis de Toiras (1585-1636), Marshal of France in 1630
  • Antoine Coëffier de Ruzé d'Effiat, Marquis de Effiat (1581-1632), Marshal of France in 1631
  • Urbain de Maillé-Brézé, marquis de Brézé (1597-1650), Marshal de France in 1632
  • Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully (1560-1641), Marshal of France in 1634
  • Charles de Schomberg, Duke of Halluin (1601-1656), Marshal of France in 1637
  • Charles de La Porte de Meilleraye, Marquis de Meilleraye (1602-1664), Marshal de France in 1639
  • Antoine III de Gramont, Duke of Gramont (1604-1678), Marshal of France in 1641
  • Jean Baptiste Budes de Guébriant, Count of Guébriant (1602-1643), Marshal of France in 1642
  • Philippe de La Mothe-Houdancourt, Duke of Cardona (1605-1657), Marshal of France in 1642
  • François de L'Hôpital, Count of Rosnay (1583-1660), Marshal of France in 1643
  • Enrique de la Tour d'Auvergne-Bouillon, Viscount of Turenne (1611-1675), Marshal of France in 1643, Marshal General of France in 1660
  • Jean de Gassion, Count of Gassion (1609-1647), Marshal of France in 1643

• Queen of Louis XIV (1643-1715)
  • César de Choiseul, Duke of Choiseul (1598-1675), Marshal of France in 1645
  • Josiah of Rantzau, Count of Rantzau (1609-1650), Marshal of France in 1645
  • Nicolas de Neufville, duke de Villeroi (1597-1685), Marshal of France in 1646
  • Antoine d'Aumont de Rochebaron, duke d'Aumont (1601-1669), Marshal of France in 1651
  • Jacques d'Estampes de La Ferté-Imbert, Marquis de La Ferté-Imbert (1590-1663), Marshal de France in 1651
  • Henri de La Ferté-Senneterre, Duke of La Ferté-Senneterre (1600-1681), Marshal of France in 1651
  • Charles de Monchy d'Hocquincourt, marquis d'Hocquincourt (1599-1658), Marshal of France in 1651
  • Jacques Rouxel de Grancey, Count of Grancey (1603-1680), Marshal of France in 1651
  • Armand Nompar de Caumont-La Force, Duke of La Force (1582-1672), Marshal of France in 1652
  • Philippe de Clérambault de La Palluau, Count of La Palluau (1606-1665), Marshal of France in 1652
  • César Phœbus d'Albrand of Miossens, Count of Miossens (1614-1676), Marshal of France in 1653
  • Louis de Foucault de Saint-Germain Beaupré, Count of Le Daugnon (1616-1659), Marshal of France in 1653
  • Jean de Schulemberg de Montejeu, Count of Montejeu] (1597-1671), Marshal of France in 1658
  • Abraham de Fabert, Marquis of Esternay (1599-1662), Marshal of France in 1658
  • Jacques de Mauvisière de Castelnau, Marquis de Castelnau (1620-1658), Marshal of France in 1658
  • Bernardin Gigault de Bellefonds, Marquis de Bellefonds (1630-1694), Marshal of France in 1668
  • François de Créquy, Marquis de Marines (1620-1687), Marshal of France in 1668
  • Louis de Crevant, Duke of Humières (1628-1694), Marshal of France in 1668
  • Godefroy d'Estrades, Count of Estrades (1607-1686), Marshal of France in 1675
  • Philippe de Montaut-Bénac de Navailles, Duke of Navailles (1619-1684), Marshal of France in 1675
  • Federico de Schomberg, Duke of Schomberg (1616-1690), Marshal of France in 1675
  • Jacques Henri de Duras, Duke of Duras (1626-1704), Marshal of France in 1675
  • François d'Aubusson de La Feuillade, Duke of La Feuillade (1625-1691), Marshal of France in 1675
  • Louis Victor de Rochechouart de Mortemart, Duke of Mortemart le maréchal de Vivonne (in French: the Marshal of Vivonne) (1636-1688), Marshal of France in 1675
  • François-Henri de Montmorency-Luxembourg, Duke of Luxembourg (1628-1695), Marshal of France in 1675
  • Henri Louis d'Aloigny de Rochefort, Marquis de Rochefort (1636-1676), Marshal of France in 1675
  • Guy Aldonce de Durfort de Lorges, Duke of Lorges (1630-1702), Marshal of France in 1676
  • Jean II d'Estrées, count of Estrées 1624-1707), Marshal of France in 1681
  • Claude de Choiseul de Francières, Marquis de Francières (1632-1711), Marshal of France in 1693
  • Jean-Armand de Joyeuse-Grandpré, Marquis de Grandpré (1632-1710), Marshal of France in 1693
  • François de Neufville de Villeroy, duque de Villeroi (1644-1730), Marshal of France in 1693
  • Louis François de Boufflers, Duke of Boufflers and Count of Cagny (1664-1711), Marshal of France in 1693
  • Anne Hilarion de Tourville, Count of Tourville (1642-1701), Marshal of France in 1693
  • Anne-Jules, second Duke of Noailles (1650-1708), Marshal of France in 1693
  • Nicolas Catinat (1637-1712), Marshal of France in 1693
  • Luis José de Vendôme, Duke of Vendôme (1654-1712), Marshal of France in 1695
  • Claude Louis Hector de Villars, Duke of Villars (1653-1734), Marshal of France at 1702, Marshal General of France in 1733
  • Noël Bouton de Chamilly, Marquis de Chamilly (1636-1715), Marshal of France in 1703
  • Victor-Marie d'Estrées, duke d'Estrées (1660-1737), Marshal of France in 1703
  • François-Louis Rousseland of Château-Renault, Marquis of Château-Renault (1637-1716), Marshal of France in 1703
  • Sébastien Le Prestre, Marquis de Vauban (1633-1707), Marshal of France in 1703
  • Conrad de Rosen, Marquis de Rosen (1628-1715), Marshal of France in 1703
  • Nicolas Chalon du Blé d'Uxelles, Marquis of Huxelles (1652-1730), Marshal of France in 1703
  • Rene de Froulay de Tessé, Count of Tessé (1651-1725), Marshal of France in 1703
  • Camille d'Hostun de la Baume, Duke of Tallard (1652-1728), Marshal of France in 1703
  • Nicolas Auguste de La Baume de Montrevel, Marquis de Montrevel (1636-1716), Marshal of France in 1703
  • Henry d'Harcourt, Duke of Harcourt (1654-1718), Marshal of France in 1703
  • Ferdinand de Marsin, Count of Marsin (1656-1706), Marshal of France in 1703
  • James Fitz-James, first Duke of Berwick (1670-1734), Marshal of France in 1706
  • Charles-Auguste de Goyon-Matignon, Count of Matignon (1647-1729), Marshal of France in 1708
  • Jacques de Bazin de Bezons, Marquis de Bezons (1645-1733), mmariscal de France in 1709
  • Pierre de Montesquiou d'Artagnan, Count of Artagnan] (1645-1725), Marshal of France in 1709.

• Queen of Louis XV (1715-1774)
  • Victor-Maurice, Count of Broglie (1646-1727), Marshal of France in 1724
  • Antoine Gaston de Roquelaure, Duke of Roquelaure (1656-1738), Marshal of France in 1724
  • Eléonor Marie du Maine du Bourg, Count of Le Bourg (1655-1739), Marshal of France in 1724
  • Yves V d'Alègre, marquis d'Alègre (1653-1733), Marshal of France in 1724
  • Louis d'Aubusson de la Feuillade, Duke of the Feuillade (1673-1725), Marshal of France in 1724
  • Antoine V de Gramont, Duke of Gramont (1671-1725), Marshal of France in 1724
  • Alain Emmanuel de Coëtlogon, Marquis de Coëtlogon (1646-1730), Marshal of France in 1730
  • Charles Armand de Gontaut, Duke of Biron (1663-1756), Marshal of France in 1734
  • Jacques François de Chastenand de Puységur, Marquis de Puységur (1665-1743), Marshal of France in 1734
  • Claude Bidal, Marquis of Asfeld (1665-1743), Marshal of France in 1734
  • Adrien Maurice, third Duke of Noailles (1678-1766), Marshal of France in 1734
  • Christian-Louis de Montmorency-Luxembourg, Prince of Tingry (1713-1787), Marshal of France in 1734
  • François Marie II, Count of Broglie (1671-1745), Marshal of France in 1734
  • François de Franquetot, Duke of Coign] (1670-1759), Marshal of France in 1734
  • Charles Eugène, Duke of Lévis-Charlus (1669-1734), Marshal of France in 1734
  • Louis de Brancas de Forcalquier, Marquis de Céreste (1671-1750), Marshal de France in 1740
  • Louis Auguste d'Albert d'Ailly, Duke of Chaulnes (1676-1744), Marshal of France in 1741
  • Louis Armand de Brichanteau, Duke of Nangis (1682-1742), Marshal of France in 1741
  • Louis de Gand de Mérode de Montmorency, Prince d'Isenghien (1678-1762), Marshal of France in 1741
  • Jean-Baptiste de Durfort, Duke of Duras (1684-1778), Marshal of France in 1741
  • Jean-Baptiste Desmarets, Marquis de Maillebois (1682-1762), Marshal of France in 1741
  • Charles Fouquet, Duke of Belle-Isle, called the Marshal of Belle-Isle (1684-1762), Marshal of France in 1741
  • Mauritius of Saxony (1696-1750), Marshal of France in 1741, Marshal General of France in 1747
  • Jean-Baptiste Louis Andrault de Maulévrier, Marquis de Maulévrier (1677-1754), Marshal of France in 1745
  • Claude Testu, Marquis of Balincourt (1680-1770), Marshal of France in 1746
  • Philippe Charles, Marquis de La Fare (1687-1752), Marshal of France in 1746
  • François, Duke of Harcourt (1689-1750), Marshal of France in 1746
  • Guy Claude Roland de Montmorency-Laval, Count of Monmorency-Laval (1677-1751), Marshal of France in 1747
  • Gaspard, Duke of Clermont-Tonnerre 1688-1781, Marshal of France in 1747
  • Louis Claude, Marquis of La Mothe-Houdancourt (1687-1755), Marshal of France in 1747
  • Ulrich Friedrich Waldemar von Löwendahl, Count of Löwendahl (1700-1755), Marshal of France in 1747
  • Louis François Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, Duke of Richelieu (1696-1788), Marshal of France in 1748
  • Jean de Fay, Marquis de La Tour-Maubourg (1684-1764), Marshal of France in 1757
  • Louis Antoine de Gontaut, (1701-1788), Count (after Duke) of Biron, Marshal of France in 1757
  • Daniel François de Gélas de Lautrec, Viscount of Lautrec (1686-1762), Marshal of France in 1757
  • Charles François Frédéric de Montmorency-Luxembourg, Duke of Piney-Luxembourg (1702-1764), Marshal of France in 1757
  • Louis Charles César Le Tellier, Duke of Estrées (1695-1771), Marshal of France in 1757
  • Jean Charles de la Ferté, Marquis de La Ferté Senneterre (1685-1770), Marshal of France in 1757
  • Charles O'Brien of Thomond, Count of Thomond and Clare (1699-?), Marshal of France in 1757
  • Gaston Pierre de Lévis-Mirepoix, Duke of Mirepoix (1699-1758), Marshal of France in 1757
  • Ladislas Ignace de Bercheny (1689-1778), Marshal of France in 1758
  • Hubert de Brienne, Cconde de Conflans (1690-1777), Marshal of France in 1758
  • Louis Georges, Marquis de Contades, (1704-1793), Marshal of France in 1758
  • Charles de Rohan, Prince of Soubise (1715-1787), Marshal of France in 1758
  • Victor François, Duke of Broglie (1718-1804), Marshal of France in 1759
  • Guy Michel de Durfort de Lorge, Duke of Randan (1704-1773), Marshal of France in 1768
  • Louis de Brienne de Conflans d'Armentières, marquis de Armentières (1711-1774), marshal of France in 1768
  • Jean de Cossé, Duke of Brissac (1698-1780), Marshal of France in 1768

• Queen of Louis XVI (1774-1792)
  • Anne Pierre d'Harcourt, Duke of Harcourt (1701-1783), Marshal of France in 1775
  • Luis, 4th Duke of Noailles (1713-1793), Marshal of France in 1775
  • Antoine, Count of Nicolaï (1712-1787), Marshal of France in 1775
  • Charles de Fitz-James, Duke of Fitz-James (1712-1787), Marshal of France in 1775
  • Philippe de Noailles, Duke of Mouchy (1715-1794), Marshal of France in 1775
  • Emmanuel Félicité de Durfort de Duras, Duke of Duras (1715-1789), Mariscal de France in 1775
  • Louis Nicolas du Muy, Duke of the Very (1702-1775), Marshal of France in 1775
  • Claude Louis de Saint-Germain, Count of Saint-Germain (1707-1778), Marshal of France in 1775
  • Guy André Pierre de Montmorency-Laval, Duke of Laval (1723-1798), Marshal of France in 1783
  • Augustin Joseph de Mailly, Count of Mailly (1708-1794), Marshal of France in 1783
  • Henri Joseph Bouchard d'Esparbès de Lussan d'Aubeterre, Marquis of Aubeterre (1714-1788), Marshal of France in 1783
  • Charles Just de Beauvau-Craon, Prince of Beauvau-Craon (1720-1793), Marshal of France in 1783
  • Noël Jourda de Vaux, Count of Vaux (1705-1788), Marshal of France in 1783
  • Philippe Henri, Marquis de Ségur (1724-1801), Marshal of France in 1783
  • Jacques Philippe de Choiseul-Stainville, Count of Choiseul (1727-1789), Marshal of France in 1783
  • Charles Eugène de La Croix de Castries, Marquis de Castries (1727-1800), Marshal of France in 1783
  • Anne Emmanuel de Croÿ, Duke of Croÿ (1718-1787), Marshal of France in 1783
  • Francis de Gaston, Knight of Lévis (1719-1787), Marshal of France in 1783
  • Nicolas Luckner (1722-1794), Marshal of France in 1791
  • Jean-Baptiste de Vimeur, Count of Rochambeau (1725-1807), Marshal of France in 1791
  • Francisco de Miranda (1750-1816), Marshal of France in 1792

First French Empire

Napoleonic mariscales cane.

• Napoleon Bonaparte (1804-1814):
  • Louis Alexandre Berthier, Prince of Neufchâtel and Wagram, Duke of Valengin (1753-1815), Marshal of the Empire in 1804.
  • Joaquín Murat, prince of the Empire, great Duke of Cléveris and Berg, king of Naples (1767-1815), marshal of the Empire in 1804.
  • Bon Adrien Jeannot de Moncey, Duke of Conegliano (1754-1842), Marshal of the Empire in 1804.
  • Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, Count of Jourdan (1762-1833), Marshal of the Empire in 1804.
  • André Masséna, Duke of Rivoli, Prince of Essling (1758-1817), Marshal of the Empire in 1804.
  • Pierre François Charles Augereau, Duke of Castiglione (1757-1816), Marshal of the Empire in 1804.
  • Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, Prince of Ponte Corvo, King of Sweden and Norway with the name of Charles XIV John (1763-1844), Marshal of the Empire in 1804.
  • Guillaume Marie Anne Brune, Count of Brune (1763-1815), Marshal of the Empire in 1804.
  • Jean de Dieu Soult, Duke of Dalmatia (1769-1851), Marshal of the Empire in 1804, Marshal General of France in 1847.
  • Jean Lannes, Duke of Montebello (1769-1809), Marshal of the Empire in 1804.
  • Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier, Duke of Treviso (1768-1835), Marshal of the Empire in 1804.
  • Michel Ney, Duke of Elchingen, Prince of the Moscova (1769-1815), Marshal of the Empire in 1804.
  • Louis Nicolas Davout, Duke of Auerstädt, Prince of Eckmühl (1770-1823), Marshal of the Empire in 1804.
  • Jean-Baptiste Bessières, Duke of Istria (1768-1813), Marshal of the Empire in 1804.
  • François Christophe Kellermann, Duke of Valmy (1737-1820), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 (honorary).
  • François Joseph Lefebvre, Duke of Danzig (1755-1820), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 (honorary).
  • Dominique Catherine de Perignon, Marquis de Grenade (1754-1818), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 (honorary).
  • Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier, Count of Sérurier (1742-1819), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 (honorary).
  • Claude Perrin Victor, Duke of Bellune (1764-1841), Marshal of the Empire in 1807.
  • Etienne-Jacques-Joseph MacDonald, Duke of Tarento (1765-1840), Marshal of the Empire in 1809.
  • Nicolas Charles Oudinot, Duke of Reggio (1767-1847), Marshal of the Empire in 1809.
  • Auguste Marmont, Duke of Ragusa (1774-1852), Marshal of the Empire in 1809.
  • Louis Gabriel Suchet, Duke of Albufera (1770-1826), Marshal of the Empire in 1811.
  • Laurent de Gouvion-Saint-Cyr, Marquis of Gouvion-Saint-Cyr (1764-1830), Marshal of the Empire in 1812.
  • Józef Antoni Poniatowski, Prince Poniatowski (1763-1813), Marshal of the Empire in 1813. †
  • Emmanuel de Grouchy, Marquis de Grouchy, (1766-1847), Marshal of the Empire in 1815.

The names of a large part of these were given to successive sections of a circular avenue that circumvate Paris, which is why it is nickname).

Bourbon restoration

• Louis XVIII de France (1815-1824):
  • Georges Cadoudal (1771-1804), Marshal of France in 1814 (posthumous).
  • Jean Victor Marie Moreau (1763-1813), Marshal of France in 1814 (posthumous).
  • François-Henri de Franquetot de Coigny, Duke of Coigny (1737-1821), Marshal of France in 1816.
  • Henri Jacques Guillaume Clarke, Duke of Feltre (1765-1818), Marshal of France in 1816.
  • Pierre Riel de Beurnonville, Marquis de Beurnonville (1752-1821), Marshal of France in 1816.
  • Charles Joseph Hyacinthe du Houx de Viomesnil, Marquis of Viomesnil (1734-1827), Marshal of France in 1816.
  • Jacques Alexandre Law, Marquis de Lauriston (1768-1828), Marshal of France in 1823.
  • Gabriel Jean Joseph Molitor, Count of Molitor (1770-1849), Marshal of France in 1823.

• Carlos X de Francia (1824-1830):
  • Louis Aloy de Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein (1765-1829), Marshal of France in 1827.
  • Nicolas Joseph Maison, Marquis de Maison (1771-1840), Marshal of France in 1829.
  • Louis Auguste Victor de Ghaisne de Bourmont, Count of Bourmont (1773-1846), Marshal of France in 1830.

Julio Monarchy

• Luis Felipe I of France (1830-1848):
  • Étienne Maurice Gérard, Count of Gérard, (1773-1822), Marshal of France in 1830 (posthumous).
  • Bertrand Clauzel, Count of Clauzel, (1772-1842), Marshal of France in 1831.
  • Emmanuel de Grouchy, Marquis de Grouchy, (1766-1847), Marshal of France in 1831.
  • Georges Mouton, Count of Lobau, (1770-1838), Marshal of France in 1831.
  • Sylvain Charles Valée, Count of Valée, (1773-1846), Marshal of France in 1837.
  • Horace Sebastiani de la Porta, Count of Sébastiani, (1772-1851), Marshal of France in 1840.
  • Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Earl of Erlon, (1765-1844), Marshal of France in 1843.
  • Thomas Robert Bugeaud, Duke of Isly (1784-1849), Marshal of France in 1843.
  • Honoré Charles Reille, Count of Reille, (1775-1860), Marshal of France in 1847.
  • Guillaume Dode de La Brunerie, Viscount of La Brunerie, (1775-1851), Marshal of France in 1847.

Second French Republic

• Napoleon III Bonaparte (1848-1852):
  • Jerome Bonaparte, former king of Westphalia (1784-1860), Marshal of France in 1850.
  • Rémi Joseph Isidore Exelmans, Count of Exelmans (1775-1852), Marshal of France in 1851.
  • Jean Isidore Harispe (1768-1855), Marshal of France in 1851.
  • Jean-Baptiste Philibert Vaillant, Count of Vaillant 1790-1872), Marshal of France in 1851.
  • Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud (1798-1854), Marshal of France in 1852.
  • Bernard Pierre Magnan (1791-1865), Marshal of France in 1852.
  • Boniface de Castellane, marquis de Castellane (1788-1862), marshal of France in 1852.

Second French empire

• Napoleon III Bonaparte (1852-1870):
  • Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers, Count of Baraguey d'Hilliers (1795-1878), Marshal of France in 1854.
  • Aimable Jean Jacques Pélissier, Duke of Malakoff (1794-1864), Marshal of France in 1855.
  • Jacques Louis César Randon, Count of Randon (1795-1871), Marshal of France in 1856.
  • François Certain Canrobert (1809-1895), Marshal of France in 1856.
  • Pierre Bosquet (1810-1861), Marshal of France in 1856.
  • Patrice MacMahon, Duke of Magenta (1809-1893), Marshal of France in 1859.
  • Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély (1794-1870), Marshal of France in 1859.
  • Adolphe Niel (1802-1869), Marshal of France in 1859.
  • Philippe Antoine d'Ornano, Count of Ornano (1784-1863), Marshal of France in 1861.
  • Elié-Frédéric Forey (1804-1872), Marshal of France in 1863.
  • François Achille Bazaine (1811-1888), Marshal of France in 1864.
  • Edmond Leboeuf (1809-1888), Marshal of France in 1870.

French Third Republic

Modern logo of a Marshal of France.

• Raymond Poincaré (1913-1920):
  • Joseph Joffre (1852-1931), Marshal of France in 1916.
  • Ferdinand Foch (1851-1929), Marshal of France in 1918.
  • Philippe Pétain (1856-1951), Marshal of France in 1918.

• Alexandre Millerand (1920-1924):
  • Joseph Gallieni (1849-1916), Marshal of France in 1921 (posthumous).
  • Louis Hubert Lyautey (1854-1934), Marshal of France in 1921.
  • Louis Franchet d'Esperey (1856-1942), Marshal of France in 1921.
  • Marie Émile Fayolle (1852-1928), Marshal of France in 1921.
  • Michel-Joseph Maunoury (1847-1923), Marshal of France in 1923 (posthumous).

Fourth French Republic

• Vincent Auriol (1947-1954):
  • Jean de Lattre de Tassigny (1889-1952), Marshal of France in 1952 (posthumous).
  • Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque (1902-1947), Marshal of France in 1952 (posthumous).
  • Alphonse Juin (1888-1967), Marshal of France in 1952.

Fifth French Republic

• François Mitterrand (1981-1995):
  • Marie Pierre Koenig (1898-1970), Marshal of France in 1984 (posthumous).