Mandolin

The mandolin is a string instrument with four double rows of strings. The number and type of strings on the mandolin have varied over time and place, but today the predominant configuration is that of the Neapolitan mandolin, with four double strings tuned like the violin(g-d-a- e).

The strings of the mandolin are usually plucked with a plectrum or plectrum, the fingers can also be used. The sound box can be concave or flat.

Its sound is similar to that of the bandurria, however, its use covers more areas, including solo roles in academic music, as the main instrument of popular music in several countries and even in rock bands and experimental ensembles.

History

At the end of the 16th century, in Italy, an instrument known as the mandola appeared, a precursor to the mandolin. The term «mandopico», the Italian name for the instrument, is cited for the first time in 1563, referring to a smaller variant of the mandola. During the 17th century, mandolins were made in Italy. The construction plans of several mandolins are preserved in the Stradivarian Museum of Cremona, with annotations in the hand of Antonio Stradivari himself, the famous violin maker.

Since the end of the XVII century, many great composers began to use the mandolin in their works. This is the case of Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741), who composed works for mandolin and orchestra (such as the Mandolin Concerto), Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791), who used it in his opera Don Giovanni, Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) and Niccolò Paganini (1782-1840).

Currently the mandolin is widespread in British and Irish folk music, in country and bluegrass music in the United States, and in Brazilian choro and samba. It is also found in some traditional Portuguese music ensembles, while in Spain it has been displaced by the bandurria and its use in traditional music is not frequent (except in Galicia and the Canary Islands). In Mexico it is used in student ensembles, called tunas or studentinas (imitation of those that emerged in European universities in the past), along with the bandurria and the lute. The Purépecha indigenous people use them in their traditional ensembles, along with guitars, vihuelas and violins; Its use is also very popular in parish youth choirs. It is also found in the folklore groups of some Latin American countries, especially Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.

Tuning

The way to tune the mandolin is that of the violin, that is, the following: mi, la, re and sol (with mi being the highest pitch, and sol being the lowest). The succession occurs by intervals of a perfect fifth between one string and another. By convention, the highest string is called the first string (e), continuing in descending progression to the fourth string (g). It should be noted that each pair of strings must be tuned in unison, since the mandolin usually has double orders of strings, in order to make possible the free execution of the tremolo, a necessary effect in order to lengthen a sound. In addition to this popular way of stringing the mandolin, many mandolin players eliminate double orders from their instruments, leaving only four tuned strings G, D, A and E. As described above, the objective of stringing the mandolin with only four strings is to avoid the detuning of one string with respect to its pair, in addition to allowing the virtuoso mandolinist to add more speed and more neatness to the sound.

The famous Brazilian mandolinist Hamilton of Holland (Rio de Janeiro, 1976) has made a ten-string mandolin popular, which adds a lower double order to the already traditional way of stringing the instrument. That is why the tuning of this ten-string mandolin, starting from the lowest note to the highest note, is C, G, D, A and E.

Works

Alone

• Niccolò Paganini

Minuet

• Silvio Ranieri

Variations on a Theme by Haydn

Song of summer

• Raffaele Calace

Prelude No. 1

Prelude No. 2

Prelude No. 3

Prelude No. 5

Prelude No. 10

Prelude No. 11

Prelude No. 14

Prelude No. 15

Large prelude

Collard

Sylvia

Minuet of rose

• Ugo Bottacchiarri

I have stood on the banks

• Heinrich Koniettsuni

Partite No. 1, etc.

• Herbert Baumann

Sonatine, etc.

• Siegfried Behrend

Sense - structure

• John Craton

The Gray Wolf

Perpetuum Mobile

Variations from Der Fluyten Lust-hof

• Sakutarō Hagiwara

Hataoriru maiden

• Takei Shusei

Spring to go

• Seiichi Suzuki

Variations on Schubert lullaby

City of Elm

Variations on Kojonotsuki of subject matter

• Gilad Hochman

Two Episodes for solo mandolin

• Jiro Nakano

"Spring has come" Variations

Prayer

Fantasia second No.

Serenata

Beautiful my child and where

Prayer of the evening

Variations on September Affair of the subject matter

• Makino YukariTaka

Spring snow of ballads

• Jo Kondo

In early spring

• Takashi Kubota

Nocturne

Etude

Fantasia first No.

• Yasuo Kuwahara

Moon and mountain witch

Impromptu

Winter Light

Mukyu motion

Jon-gara

Silent door

• Victor Kioulaphides

Accompaniment with solo

• Ludwig van Beethoven

Sonatine in C minor, WoO 43a

Adagio in E remarkable major WoO 43b

Sonatine in C major WoO 44a

Andante and Variations in D major WoO 44b

• John Craton

Dioces aztecas

The Legend of Princess Noccalula

• Giovanni Hoffmann

4 Quartet for Mandolin, Violin, Viola, and Lute

4 Divertimenti for Mandolin, Violin & B.c.

• Johann Nepomuk Hummel

Sonata in C major Op. 35

• Vittorio Monti

Csárdás

• Carlo Munier

Spanish Capriccio

Mazurka for concert

Waltz for concert

Bizaria

Aria Varia data

Mandolin Concerto No. 1

• Raffaele Calace

Mandolin Concerto No. 1

Mandolin Concerto No. 2

Mukyu motion

Tarantella

Song of Nostalgia

Elegy

Mazurka for concert

• Silvio Ranieri

Warsaw of memories

• Enrico Marcelli

Gypsy style Capriccio

Fantastic Waltz

Mukyu motion

Polonaise for concert

• Hans Gál

Divertimento for mandolin and harp

Such as a duo for the mandolin and guitar

• Norbert Shupuronguru

Serenade for mandolin and guitar

• Franco Marugora

Grand Sonata for mandolin and guitar

• Kurt Schwaen

Slovenia wind Dances such as

• Dietrich Erdmann

Sonatine

• Mari Takano

Light of silence

• Rikuya Terashima

Sonata for mandolin and piano (2002)

Duo and musical ensemble

A duet or duo is a musical composition for two performers in which the performers have equal importance to the piece. A musical ensemble with more than two solo instruments or voices is called trio, quartet, quintet, sextet, septet, octet, etc.

• Ella Von Adajewska-Schultz (1846-1926)

Venezuelan Serenade

• Valentine Abt (1873-1942)

In Venice Waters

• Charles Acton

Chants Des Gondoliers

• Hermann Ambrosius

Duo

• Emanuele Barbella

Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo

• Ignazio Bitelli (c. 1880–1956)

L'Albero di Natale, pastorale for mandolin & guitar

Il Gondoliere, valse for 2 mandolins & guitar

• Costantino Bertucci

Il Carnevale Di Venezia Con Variazioni

• Pietro Gaetano Boni (1686-1741)

Sonate pour mandoline en la, Op. 2 No. 1

Sonate pour mandoline en ré mineur, Op. 2 No. 2

Sonate pour mandoline en ré, Op. 2 No. 9

• Antonio Del Buono

"In Gondola" Serenata Veneziana "Ai Mandolnisti Di Venezia

• Raffaele Calace

Barcarola Op. 100 Per Chitarra

Barcarola Op. 116 Per Liuto "A Mio Figlio Peppino"

• Gioacchino Cocchi

• Sinfonia for 2 Mandolins & Continuo(Gimo 76)

• Jules Cottin

Au Fil De L'Eau

• John Craton

Charon Crossing the Styx (mandolin & double bass)

Four Whimsies (mandolin & octave mandolin)

Les gravures de Gustave Doré (mandolin & guitar)

Six Pantomimes for Two Mandolins

Sonatina No. 3 for Mandolin & Violin

• Hans Gál

Op. 59th Sonatina for 2 mandolins (1952)

• Giovani Battista Gervasio

Sonata for Mandolin & Continuum (Gimo 141)

Sonata per camera (Gimo 143)

Sinfonia for 2 Mandolins " Continuo, (Gimo 149)

Trio for 2 Mandolins & Continuo, (Gimo 150)

Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo

Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo

• Giuseppe Giuliano

Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo

• Geoffrey Gordon

Interiors of a Courtyard (mandolin & guitar)

• Addiego Guerra

Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo

• Positive Hattori

Concerto for two mandolin and piano

• Sean Hickey

Mandolin Canons (mandolin & guitar)

• Giovanni Hoffmann

3 Duets for Mandolin and Violin

Serenade for Viola and Mandolin

• Tyler Kaier

Den lille Havfrue (mandolin & guitar)

• Peter Machajdík

Mit den Augen eines Falken for mandolin & guitar (2016)

• Giovanni Battista Maldura

Barcarola Veneziana Di Mendelssohn

• Edward Mezzacapo (1832-1898)

Le Chant Du Gondolier

• Heinrich Molbe (1835–1915)

Gondolata Op. 74 Per Mandolino, Clarinetto E Pianoforte

• Carlo Munier (1859-1911)

"In Gondola" Ricordi di Mendelssohn

Notturno Veneziano Per Quartetto Romantico

• Jiro Nakano

Medaka, revolving lantern

• Giuseppe Pettine (1874-1966)

Barcarola Per Mandolino

• Hideo Saito, Jiro Nakano

Du edge Martino

• Domenico Scarlatti

Sonata in D minor (K77)

Sonata in E minor (K81)

Sonata in G minor (K88)

Sonata No. 54 (K. 89) in D minor for Mandolin and Basso Continuo

Sonata in D minor (K89)

Sonata in D minor (K90)

Sonata in G (K91)

• Mari Takano

Silent Light for mandolin " harpsichord (2001)

Two Pieces for Two Mandolins (2002)

• Serguéi Tanéyev (1856-1913)

Venezia Di Notte, Barcarola Op. 9 No. 1

Serenata Per Voce, Mandolino E Pianoforte Op. 9 No. 2 alla Contessa Tatiana Lvovna Tolstaya

• Roberto Valentini (1674-1747)

Sonate pour mandoline en la, Op. 12 n° 1

Sonate pour mandoline en ré mineur, Op. 12 n° 2

Sonate pour mandoline en sol, Op. 12 No. 3

Sonate pour mandoline en sol mineur, Op. 12 n° 4

Sonate pour mandoline en mi mineur, Op. 12 n° 5

Sonate pour mandoline en ré, Op. 12 No. 6

Concert

Concerto: a musical composition generally composed of three movements, in which, usually, one solo instrument (for instance, a piano, violin, cello or flute) is accompanied by an orchestra or concert band.

• Anna Clyne

Three Sisters, for mandolin and chamber orchestra

• Giovanni Hoffmann

Concerto for Mandolin and Orchestra in D Major

• Antonio Vivaldi

Mandolin Concerto in C major,

Concerto for two mandolinos in G major

Concerto for two mandolinos, 2 violons " in Tromba"—2 flûtes à bec, 2 salmoe, 2 théorbes, violoncelle, cordes et basse continuein in C major

• Francisco Rodrigo Arto (Venezuela)

Mandolin Concerto (1984)

• Dominico Caudioso

Mandolin Concerto in G Major

• John Craton

Mandolin Concerto No. 1 in D Minor

Mandolin Concerto No. 2 in D Major

Mandolin Concerto No. 3 in E Minor

Mandolin Concerto No. 4 in G Major

Concerto for Two Mandolins ("Rromane Bjavela")

• Gerardo Enrique Dirié (Argentina)

The eight bridges for four recorders, mandolin and percussion (1984)

• Johann Adolph Hasse

Mandolin Concerto in G major

• Leopold Kozeluch

Concerto for piano, mandolin, trumpet and double bass in E♫ major

• Giovanni Battista Pergolesi

Mandolin Concerto in B♫ major

• Giovanni Paisiello

Mandolin Concerto in E♫ major

Mandolin Concerto in C major

Mandolin Concerto in G major

• Johann Nepomuk Hummel

Mandolin Concerto in G major

• Armin Kaufmann

Mandolin Concerto

• Dietrich Erdmann

Mandolin Concerto

• Herbert Baumann

Mandolin and the Concerto for Strings

• Brian Israel (1951-1986)

Concerto for Mandolin (1985)

Sonatinetta (1984)

Surrealistic Serenade (1985)

• Makino YukariTaka

Mandolin Concerto

• Julian Dawes

Mandolin and the Concerto for Strings

• Tanaka Ken

"Arc" for mandolin and orchestra

• Vladimir Kororutsuku

Suite "positive and negative"

• Avner Dorman

Mandolin Concerto

• Gilad Hochman

"Nedudim" ("Wanderings") Fantasia-Concertante for mandolin and string orchestra (2014)

Mandolin in the orchestra

Orchestral works in which the mandolin has a limited part.

• Domenico Cimarosa

Opera The fine parigine

• John Craton

Opera The Curious Affair of the Count of Monte Blotto

• Michel Corrette

Concerto for orchestra 25 Concertos Comiques: Concerto nr 24 in C major "La Marche du Huron"

• Lukas Foss

Symphony No. 2 "Symphony Of Chorales" (1958)

• André Grétry

L'Amant jaloux (Paris, 1778)

• George Frideric Handel

Oratory Alexander Balus

• György Ligeti

Opera Le Grand Macabre

• Bruno Maderna

Opera Don Perlimplin, ovvero il trionfo dell'amore e dell'immaginazione

• Gustav Mahler

Symphony No. 7, Song of the Night

Symphony No. 8, Symphony of Thousands

Symphony Song of the Earth

• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Opera Don Giovanni

• Giovanni Paisiello

The Barber of Seville

• Willem Pijper

Opera Halewijn

Romance sans paroles

Symphony No. 2

Symphony No. 3

• Serguéi Prokófiev

Ballet music Romeo and Juliet

• Ottorino Respighi

Symphonic poem Festivals of Rome

• Antonio Salieri

Tarare (Paris, 1787)

• Rodion Shchedrin

Ballet music Anna Karenina

• Arnold Schoenberg

Opera Moses und Aron

Variations for Orchestra

• Niccola Spinelli

Opera A Basso Porto: Intermezzo for mandolins and orchestra

• Igor Stravinsky

Ballet music Agon

• Giuseppe Verdi

Opera Otello

• Antonio Vivaldi

Oratory Juditha triumphans

• Anton Webern

Five Pieces for Orchestra

Consequential

There are numerous variants of the instrument, but all of them can be integrated into three main types:

• Italian Mandolina: used in classical music. It has the crate in the shape of a pear, formed from 12 to 47 ribs and a mouth usually in an ellipsoidal (ovalada). It usually has the lid divided into two plates that form an obtuse angle. Of persistent resonance, it is used in the execution of Italian music.

• Mandolina folk: Unlike the Italian has the rounded mouth (although some manufacturers have adopted the "efes" model used in violins) to increase the sonority. Variants of this type are the Brazilian bandolines and the Irish mandolins. Its lid is made up of a single flat plate. Depending on the place of origin the bottom of the lid can be sketched or flat.

• Mandolina bluegrass: used in the musical style known as bluegrass. Very used today. There are a wide variety of models, but in general they are classified as "A" (in the form of gout and similar to the folk mandolin) and "F" (with an enormous ornament similar to the violins and which gives it its characteristic form), based on the first models of the Gibson brand, which popularized the instrument in the United States at the beginning of the twentieth century.