Mala district

The district of Mala is one of the sixteen districts that make up the province of Cañete, located in the department of Lima in Peru. It is under the administration of the Regional Government of Lima-Provinces. It limits to the north, with the districts of San Antonio and Santa Cruz de Flores; to the south, with the district of Asia (through the Campana and Cenizo hills); to the east, with the district of Calango (in the place called Tutumito); to the southeast, with the district of Coayllo; and to the west, with the Pacific Ocean. It is considered an ideal place for country houses, since you can enjoy nature and the beach in the same place.

Within the ecclesiastical division of the Catholic Church of Peru, it belongs to the Prelature of Yauyos

History

In 1537, near the mouth of the Mala River, at the pre-Inca viewpoint that is located over the sea, in the area today called Las Totoritas, Diego de Almagro (who returned disillusioned from Chile) and Francisco Pizarro. However, as the chronicler Pedro Cieza de León recounts, Pizarro plotted to ambush Almagro during said meeting to -presumably- finish him off right there. Almagro escaped before falling into the trap and as was logical, the truce between the two ex-partners in the conquest of Peru was broken. Finally, shortly after ―in July 1538― Pizarro managed to have Almagro executed, at the hands of his brother Hernando Pizarro in the Plaza Mayor of Cuzco. In 1541, Almagro's son and his companions took revenge and murdered Francisco Pizarro himself in Lima ―within the government house itself.

Before the arrival of the Spanish, the Huarcos inhabited the area, brave and ferocious warriors who defended the fortress of Cañete with their lives, before the overwhelming advance of the Inca imperialists, coming from Cuzco. Later, already within the Inca Empire, the population of Mala came under the political and religious influence of the sanctuary of Pachacámac (located 30 km from present-day Lima).

Mala was part of the district of Coayllo, which was created in 1821. Mala district was created on January 2, 1857.

In the haciendas of Mala, such as Bujama, the first and most famous fighting bulls in Peru were bred, from the time of the conquest, in the 16th century, until well into the 20th century, from the first cattle bravas brought to Peru ―for the most part― by members of the religious orders that arrived at that time.

Since the XIX century, the Rinconada de Mala ranch was developed there, whose remains of the house ―today a hacienda― They are located at km 86 of the South [Pan-American Highway], about 1,000 meters from the sea. Bravo cattle ranch very famous in the bullfighting history of Peru, created on a base of native cattle, with stallions and Spanish cows. However, the area properly called La Rinconada is actually about 10 km to the east, on the Mala River. This gives us an idea of the extension that said cattle ranch had.

Geography

It occupies an area of 129.31 km² and its population, according to the 1993 census, was 18,700 inhabitants, of whom more than 15,000 lived in urban areas. The creation of the district is from the time of the independence of Peru.

Mala is located in a valley of alluvial origin, formed by the presence of the river of the same name. In what corresponds to the district of Mala, it is limited by the Mala river to the north and to the south and west elevations of regular altitude made up of Andean hills and buttresses that sometimes reach the coast as in the area of La Caleta de Bujama. Also present as important geographical accidents are the rocky promontories of Cerro Salazar and El Salitre (in the coastal zone) and Cerro Colorado and Cerro Piñón (on the road to Bujama Alta).

The valley of Mala also presents as an outstanding geographical area, called Los Platanales, made up of land that was once very humid and salty, where abundant water arose from the subsoil due to the presence of a shallow water table, which made said land for the cultivation of fruit trees such as the Maleño banana and the vine. Numerous reeds (pools with grass and reeds) and small lagoons formed by water that emerged from the subsoil were formed in that place. The presence of groundwater in the Los Platanales area allowed the formation of numerous channels or indentations that once housed a great variety of hydrobiological species, today almost disappeared, due to the irrational and improper exploitation of groundwater.^{[citation required]}

After the population crisis of the 1980s in the north of Lima, where the exclusive resorts of Ancón and Santa Rosa are located, several wealthy families decided to find a better place for their beach houses and their establishment in summer. And that is why they chose the southern zone and the spas of the Province of Cañete, because it was a wide area, with better air quality and also fertile land. Currently, the association formed by the spas or beach clubs of the Asia District (entity called Aprils) extracts water from the subsoil of Los Platanales through the installation and operation of four deep wells, to later pump it and transport it, through pipe networks. of great diameter to said spas located to the south of the district of Mala, on the beaches of Asia (naturally arid zone) in order to satisfy the demand of the vacationers of the mentioned spas ―belonging to the wealthiest socioeconomic classes of Lima― and additionally, for the recreational and ornamental purposes that said vacationers require.^{[citation required]} The aforementioned wells do not have environmental impact studies.^{[citation required]} In addition, an artificial lagoon for water skiing was built in said area in the 1990s ―work carried out likewise, without a remediation plan or environmental impact study― ^{[citation required]} that ended up drying up most of the banana trees.^{[citation required]}

In conclusion, vacationers and skiers from the wealthy classes of Lima exploit and waste the water of this agricultural valley, squandering a scarce natural resource ―subsoil water― for exclusively recreational purposes. Mala is an ideal area for country houses, due to its beautiful climate, fertile soil and proximity to the exclusive beaches of Asia, just a few minutes away. Due to this, Mala is established as a strategic position for the enjoyment of the ideal country house (especially the Santa Clorinda area). Which are being established almost exclusively by the wealthy families of Lima, and preferring Mala over other old areas such as Cieneguilla (which only has fields and it is impossible to enjoy the summer there), due to its well-known strategic position of nature and beach.

The coastline of the district of Mala has an extension of approximately 6 km, between the mouth of the river Mala and Caleta de Bujama, among which are beaches such as Boca de Río, Totoritas, Playa Salazar (Barcelona), Bujama and numerous recreational centers or vacation developments such as Totoritas, Barceloneta, Playa Aventura, Unión Bíblica (Kawai), Los Delfines and Caleta de Bujama.

The capital of the district, which belongs to the Costa or Chala Region, is the city of San Pedro de Mala, located at an altitude of 32 meters above sea level.

Administrative division

Mala is a district whose largest extension basically comprises rural areas, with the relatively small urban area called El Cercado. The urban area includes:

To the north, the neighborhoods of La Barranca and La Rinconada. To the south, the AVIMA, Mauricio Hoschild, Villa Condestable, Las Casuarinas and Los Frutales urbanizations. To the east, the human settlements Dignidad Nacional, San Juan Bautista and Santa Rosa, with the annexes Cerro de la Libertad, Nuevo San Juan and El Arenal located in the highest parts, which correspond to the Rural Community of Mala. To the west, the urban area is limited by the Antigua Panamericana Sur highway.

Outside the urban area, the district of Mala has populated centers such as San Marcos de la Aguada, located on land belonging to the Rural Community of Mala, which also has other annexes such as 27 de Diciembre and El Palmo.

1. Towards the South, through the Old Pan-American, towards Bujama Alta, we have the Lumbreras Caseríos, Cerro Colorado, Santo Cristo and Santa Enriqueta, and then continue, by the so-called Bajada de los Reyes, until we arrive at the Annexes of Bujama Baja and Pampa Dolores, at the limits with the district of Asia. Towards the west are the small town centre La Huaca and the old Bridge, as well as the residential urbanization Las Totoritas and the farms of El Salitre and San Juan de Barcelona.

To the east, along the dirt road that leads to Calango, we have the annexes of San José del Monte, Tutumo and the hamlet of Santa Rosa de Huarangal.

Authorities

Policies

• Governor: Ricardo Chavarría - Regional Force Party

Municipals

• 2019 - 2022
  • Mayor: Sonia Marlene Ramos Ruiz, de Patria Joven.
  • Regivers:
  1. Henry Hurtado Leguía (Patria Joven)
  2. Elthon Pool Espinoza Espinoza (Patria Joven)
  3. Elsa Alejandrina Espinoza Tables Vda De Arias (Youth Patria)
  4. Manuel Alejandro Barazorda Ávalos (Patria Joven)
  5. Valery Harol France Arias (Patria Joven)
  6. Jhon Paúl Cueva Vásquez (Popular Action)
  7. Marilú Araceli Robles Rivera (Popular Action)

Previous mayors

• 2015-2018: Rosali Palermo Figueroa Gutiérrez, Alianza para el Progreso Party (APP).
• 2011 - 2014: Victor Hugo Carbajal Gonzales, Force Movement 2011 (K).
• 2007 - 2010: Víctor Hugo Carbajal Gonzales, Movimiento Unidos por Mala.
• 2003 - 2006: Juan Hugo Nolasco Manco, Partido Aprista Peruano.
• 1999 - 2002: Juan Arturo Yaya Huapaya, Movimiento independiente de Reconstrucción Cañetana (MIRCA).
• 1996 - 1998: Andrés Bancayán Villavicencio, Independent List No. 3 Alianza Unidos por Cañete 95.
• 1993 - 1995: Pablo Mauricio Chumpitazi Porras, Partido Aprista Peruano.
• 1990 - 1992: Andrés Bancayán Villavicencio, Movimiento Unión Progresista Independiente Maleño.
• 1987 - 1989: Walter Dionisio Chumpitaz Agapito, Peruvian Aprist Party.
• 1984 - 1986: Pablo Mauricio Chumpitazi Porras, Partido Aprista Peruano.
• 1981 - 1983: Pedro Marroquín Salinas, Partido Acción Popular.

Police

• Mala police station
  • Commissioner: Major PNP Juan Robert Evangelista Miraval.

Educations

Educational Institutions

The main educational institution is the state-run secondary school "Dionisio Manco Campos", an alma mater of many generations, created in the sixties; At the beginning of the 1990s, other institutions of a private regime appeared.

• IE Apostle Saint Peter was created in April 1994. The promoter is the San Pedro de Mala parish and legal representative the Pbro. Fernando Cintas Rosa. The current director is the Pbro. Victor Huapaya.

The school motto is "Duc in altum" (He sails out to sea.) Special importance is the formation in human virtues and in the esteem of values.

Economy

Mala's economy is based on the service sector, especially commerce. There is also an important presence of agriculture in which the crops of fruit trees and olive trees stand out. The apple, grapes and banana are the characteristic fruits of Mala. The largest variety of apples is produced in Mala and the fine bananas from Malaya are very famous. Currently, the above is complemented by a considerable production of pisco, since Mala is within the zone of denomination of origin of said liquor. Highlighting the remarkable quality of its pisco for export destination.

Festivities

Its patronal festival is celebrated on the day of San Pedro, on June 29. Among the traditional dishes of this district, we must highlight the tamale from Maleño, the pork rinds, the raw carapulcra soup, the spicy Maleño, the cebiche de chanque, the strained beans and the chapana (which is a cassava sweet).

Tourism

Mala is an area much visited by vacationers and its pork rinds and tamales are well known. In addition, its beaches such as Bujama and Totoritas have a spectacular combination. The archaeological zone of El Salitre has an excellent view of this beach and -despite being a practically abandoned monument- it is still an impressive visit. The Peruvian explorer Daniel López M. mentions in his book an area with hidden beaches and a cave near this archaeological zone. On one side and between the mouth of the Mala River there is a natural stone arch formed by marine erosion. The mouth of the river is a favored place for bird watching both because of the small lagoon that the river forms when it flows out and because of the reeds and grasslands that surround it.

In the Salitre there is a hill that is between the mouth of the river and Totoritas in which the Incas could see the attack of the enemies, since it comes from the pre-Inca times there is also a cave that over the years It has been erased and covered with the dust caused by the strong winds, but even with some difficulty you can climb said hill, but with great care.