Magnolia

Magnolia is a genus with about 120 species of plants in the Magnoliaceae family. They are located mainly in eastern North America, Central America, Southeast Asia, and South America.

Origin of name

The genus is named after Pierre Magnol, a botanist from Montpellier, France. The first identified species of this genus was M. virginiana, found by missionaries sent to North America in the 1680s. M. grandiflora, already in the 18th century.

Evolution

The magnolia is an ancient family that evolved before bees appeared, so the flowers developed in such a way that they could be pollinated by beetles. As a consequence, they have hard carpels to prevent deterioration. Fossilized specimens of M. acuminata with 20 million years, and it has been possible to identify (2016) plants similar to the Magnoliaceae family dating from 125 million years ago. Another distinctive feature of magnolias is the absence of sepals or petals; instead they have tepals, a term that was coined to refer to this intermediate element.

Selected species

This species list has been adapted from that used by the Magnolia Society. It does not represent the last word in subclassifying the genus Magnolia, as a clear consensus has not yet been reached.
The list is divided into subgenres, 12 sections and 13 subsections. Each species is indicated in the same way:
Botanical name Authority of the binomial. - Common name, if any (Region you are in)

Subgenus Magnolia

The stamens split open at the front facing the center of the flower. Deciduous or evergreen. Flowers produced after the leaves.

Magnolia grandiflora.

Magnolia Section

Magnolia of the Duran. Unique tree of Villanueva de la Sierra (Cáceres)

• Magnolia grandiflora L. - Common magnolia (Southeast of the United States)
• Magnolia guatemalensis Donn. Sm. (Guatemala)
  • Magnolia guatemalensis hondurensis (Molina) Vázquez (Honduras, El Salvador)
• Magnolia iltisiana Vázquez (West of Mexico)
• Magnolia pacifies Vázquez (West of Mexico)
  • Magnolia pacifies pugana Iltis & Vázquez (West of Mexico)
  • Magnolia pacifica tarahumara Vázquez (West of Mexico)
• Magnolia panamensis Vázquez " Iltis (Panama)
• Magnolia poasana (Pittier) Dandy (Costa Rica, Panama)
• Magnolia schiedeana Schltdl. (East of Mexico)
• Magnolia sharpii Meranda (Chiapas, Mexico)
• Magnolia sororum Seibert (Panama)
  • Magnolia sororum lutea Vázquez (Costa Rica, Panama)
• Magnolia tamaulipana Vázquez (Nordeast of Mexico)
• Magnolia virginiana Linn (Southeast of the United States)
• Magnolia yoroconte Dandy. (Honduras)

Gwillimia Section

Gwillimia Subsection

• Magnolia albosericea Chun & Tsoong. (Hainan IS.)
• Magnolia championii Benth (South and Southeast China)
• Magnolia coconut (Lour) DC. (South China)
• Magnolia delavayi Franchet (Yunnan, China)
• Magnolia fistulous (Finet & Gagnep.) Dandy. (Southeast of Yunnan, China)
• Magnolia henryi Dunn (Yunnan, China)
• Magnolia nana Dandy. (Vietnam)
• Magnolia odoratissima Law et Zhou (South China)
• Magnolia pterocarpa Roxb. (Nepal, Burma)

Blumian Subsection

• Magnolia gigantifolia (Miq.) Noot. (Borneo, Sumatra)
• Magnolia hodgsonii (Hook.f. & Thom.) H.Keng (Nepal, Burma)
• Magnolia lasia Noot. (Borneum)
• Magnolia liliifera (L.) Baillon (Southeast Asia)
  • Magnolia liliifera var. angatensis Noot. (Philippines)
  • Magnolia liliifera var. beccarii (Ridley) Noot. (Borneum)
  • Magnolia liliifera var. obovata (Korth.) Govaerts (Borneum)
  • Magnolia liliifera var. singapurensis (Ridley) Noot. (Singapore, Sumatra)
• Magnolia mariusjacobsia Noot. (Borneum)
• Magnolia persuaveolens Dandy. (Borneum)
  • Magnolia persuaveolens rigida Noot. (Borneum)
• Magnolia sarawakensis (Agostini) Noot. (Borneum)
• Magnolia villosa (Miq.) H.Keng (Sumatra, Borneo)

Talauma Section

Talauma Subsection

• Magnolia allenii Standl. (Panama)
• Magnolia amazonica Ducke (Brazil, Peru)
• Magnolia arcabucoana (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Bolivian Magnolia (M.Nee) Govaerts (Bolivia)
• Magnolia caricifragrans (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia cespedesii (Triana & Planch) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia chocoensis (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia dixonii (Little) Govaerts (Ecuador)
• Magnolia dodecapetala (Lam.) Govaerts (Youth Antilles)
• Magnolia spininalii (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia georgii (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia gilbertoi (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia gloriensis (Pittier) Govaerts (Central America)
• Magnolia hernandezii (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia irwiniana (Lozano) Govaerts (Brazil)
• Magnolia gardenensis (Colombia)
• Magnolia katiorum (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Mexican Magnolia DC. - flower of the heart, laurel tulip, yoloxochitl (Mexico)
• Magnolia minor (Urb.) Govaerts (Cuba)
• Magnolia morii (Lozano) Govaerts (Panama)
• Magnolia narinensis (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia neillii (Lozano) Govaerts (Ecuador)
• Magnolia ovata (A.St.-Hil.) Spreng. (Brazil)
• Magnolia polyhypsophilla (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia rimachii (Lozano) Govaerts (Peru, Ecuador)
• Magnolia sambuensis (Pittier) Govaerts (Panama, Colombia)
• Magnolia santanderiana (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia sellowiana (A.St.-Hil.) Govaerts (Brazil)
• Magnolia silvioi (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia venezuelensis (Lozano) Govaerts (Venezuela)
• Magnolia virolinensis (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia wolfii (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)

Dugandiodendron Subsection

• Magnolia argyrothricha (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia calimaensis (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia calophylla (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia cararensis (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia chimantensis Steyermark & Maguire (Venezuela)
• Colombian Magnolia (Little) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia guatapensis (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia lenticellata (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia magnifolia (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia mahechae (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia ptaritepuiana Steyermark (Venezuela)
• Magnolia striatifolia Little (Colombia, Ecuador)
• Magnolia urraoense (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)
• Magnolia yarumalense (Lozano) Govaerts (Colombia)

Cubenses Subsection

• Magnolia cacuminoids Bisse (Cuba)
• Magnolia crystalensis Bisse (Cuba)
• Magnolia cubensis Urb. (Cuba)
• Magnolia domingensis Urb. (Haiti)
• Magnolia ekmannii Urb. (Haiti)
• Magnolia emarginata Urb. " Ekman (Haiti)
• Magnolia hamorii Howard. (Dominican Republic)
• Magnolia pallescens Urb. " Ekman (Dominican Republic)
• Magnolia portoricensis Bello (Puerto Rico)
• Magnolia splendens Urban (Puerto Rico)

Magnolia obovata.

Magnolia wilsonii.

Magnolia phraseri.

Flower of Magnolia macrophylla var. ashei in female phase.

Manglietia Section

• Magnolia aromatica (Dandy) V.S.Kumar (South China)
• Magnolia blaoensis (Gagnep.) Dandy. (Vietnam)
• Magnolia blumei Prantl (Sumatra, Java)
  • Magnolia blumei var. Summary (Miq.) Figlar & Noot. - Java mangliet (West of Sumatra)
• Magnolia calophylloides Figlar & Noot. (West of Sumatra)
• Magnolia caveana (Hook.f. & Thoms.) D.C.Raju & M.P.Nayer (Assam, North Burma)
• Magnolia chevalieri (Dandy) V.S.Kumar (Vietnam, Laos)
• Magnolia conifera (Dandy) V.S.Kumar (Southeast China, Vietnam)
  • Magnolia conifera var. chingii (Dandy) V.S.Kumar (South China)
• Magnolia crassipes (Y.W.Law) V.S.Kumar (Guangdong, China)
• Magnolia dandyi (Gapnep) Dandy. (South China, Vietnam, Laos)
• Magnolia decidua (Q.Y.Zheng) V.S.Kumar (Jiangxi, China)
• Magnolia dolichogyna (Dandy ex Noot.) Figlar & Noot. (Borneo, Malaysian Peninsula)
• Magnolia duclouxii Finet & Gagnep. (Vietnam, Southwest of China)
• Magnolia figlarii V.S.Kumar (Sichuan, China)
• Magnolia fordiana (Oliv.) Hu (Vietnam, South China)
  • Magnolia fordiana var. calcarea (X.H.Song) Chen & Noot. (Guizhou, China)
  • Magnolia fordiana var. forrestii (W.W.Sm. Ex Dandy) Chen & Noot. (Southwest of China)
  • Magnolia fordiana var. kwangtungensis (Mr.) Chen & Noot. (South China)
• Magnolia garrettii (Craib) V.S.Kumar (Southwest of China, Vietnam, Thailand)
• Magnolia grandis (Hu & W.C.Cheng) V.S.Kumar (Yunnan, China)
• Magnolia hookeri Cubitt & W.W.Sm. (Southwest of China, North Burma, Thailand)
• Magnolia insignis (Wall) Blume (South China, Nepal, Burma)
• Magnolia lanuginosoids Figlar & Noot. (Sumatra)
• Magnolia lucid (B.L.Chen & S.C.Yang) V.S.Kumar (Southwest of China)
• Magnolia megaphylla (Hu & W.C.Cheng) V.S.Kumar (Yunnan, China)
• Magnolia motorcycle (Dandy) V.S.Kumar (South China)
• Magnolia obovalifolia (C.Y.Yu & Law) V.S.Kumar (Yunnan, China)
• Magnolia ovoidea (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) V.S.Kumar (Yunnan, China)
• Magnolia phuthoensis (Dandy ex Gapnep.) V.S.Kumar (Vietnam)
• Magnolia rufibarbata (Dandy) V.S.Kumar (Vietnam)
• Magnolia sabahensis (Dandy ex Noot.) Figlar & Noot. (Borneum)
• Magnolia tibetica V.S.Kumar (Tibet)
• Magnolia utilis (Dandy) V.S.Kumar (North of Burma, Thailand)
• Magnolia ventii (N.V.Tiep) V.S.Kumar (Yunnan, China)
• Magnolia yuyuanensis (Y.W.Law) V.S.Kumar (East of China)

Khmerian Section

• Magnolia duperreana Pierre (Vietnam, Cambodia)
• Magnolia kwangsiensis Figlar & Noot. (Yunnan and Guangxi, China)
• Magnolia thailandica Noot. " Chalermglin (Thailand)

Rhytidospermum Section

Subsection Rhytidospermum

• Magnolia obovata Thunb. (Japan)
• Magnolia officinalis Rehd. " Wilson (West of China)
  • Magnolia officinalis biloba Cheng " Law " (East of China)
• Magnolia rostrata W.W.Smith (Southwest of China)
• Magnolia tripetala (L.) L. - Magnolia umbelata (Southeast of the United States)

Oyama Subsection

• Magnolia globosa Hook.f. & Thoms. (Nepal, Burma)
• Magnolia sieboldii K.Koch (Corea, East China)
  • Magnolia sieboldii japonica K.Ueda (Japan)
  • Magnolia sieboldii sinensis (Rehd. ' Wilson) Spongberg (Central China)
• Magnolia wilsonii Rehd. (Southwest of China)

Auriculata Section

• Magnolia phraseri Walt. (Southeast of the United States)
  • Magnolia phraseri var. pyramidata (Bartram) Pampanini (Southeast of the United States)

Section Macrophylla

• Magnolia macrophylla Michx. (Southeast of the United States)
  • Magnolia macrophylla var. ashei (Weatherby) D.Johnson (Southeast of the United States)
  • Magnolia macrophylla var. dealbata (Zuccarini) D.Johnson (East of Mexico)

Subgenus Yulania

The stamens split open on the sides. deciduous. Flowers produced mainly before leaves (except M. acuminata).

Yulania Section

Magnolia liliiflora.

Yulania Subsection

• Magnolia amoena W.C.Cheng (East of China)
• Magnolia biondii Pampan (East of China)
• Magnolia campbellii Hook.f. & Thomson - Campbell's Magnolia (Himalaya)
  • Magnolia campbellii var. alba Threeeder (Himalaya)
  • Magnolia campbellii var. mollicomata (W.W.Smith) F.Kingdon-Ward (West of China, Himalaya)
• Magnolia cylindrical Wilson (East of China)
• Magnolia dawsoniana Rehd. " Wilson (Sichuan, China)
• Magnolia denudata Desr. (East of China)
• Magnolia kobus DC. (Japan, Korea)
• Magnolia liliiflora Desr. - Lirio tree. (Central China)
• Magnolia salicifolia (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim. (Japan)
• Magnolia sargentiana Rehd. " Wilson (West of China)
  • Magnolia sargentiana var. robust Rehd. " Wilson (Sichuan, China)
• Magnolia sprengeri Pampan (Sichuan, China)
  • Magnolia sprengeri var. theongate Johnstone (Sichuan, China)
• Magnolia stellata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim. (Japan)
• Magnolia zenii Cheng (East of China)

Tulipastrum Subsection

• Magnolia acuminata (L.) L. (East of North America)
  • Magnolia acuminata var. subcordata (Spach) Dandy (Southeast of the United States)

Michelia Section

Magnolia × alba.

Michelia Subsection

• Magnolia × alba (DC.) Figlar & Noot. (Hybrid Origin)
• Magnolia angustioblonga (Law & Wu) Figlar (Southwest China)
• Magnolia baillonii Pierre (Southwest of China, Vietnam)
• Magnolia balansae A.DC. (South China, Vietnam)
• Magnolia banghamii (Noot.) Figlar & Noot. (Malaysia, Sumatra)
• Magnolia braianensis (Gagnep.) Figlar (Vietnam)
• Magnolia cavaleriei (Finet & Gagnep.) Figlar (South China)
• Magnolia champagne (L.) Baillon ex Pierre - Malaya shampoo, malaya shampoo (south India, Lesser Islands of the Sonda)
  • Magnolia champagne var. pubinerty (Blume) Figlar & Noot. (Java, Malaysian peninsula)
• Magnolia chapensis (Dandy) Sima (South China, North Vietnam)
• Magnolia compressa Maxim. (Japan, Southwest of China)
• Magnolia coriacea (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) Figlar (Southeast of Yunnan, China)
• Magnolia dianica Sima & Figlar (Southwest of China)
• Magnolia doltsopa (Buch.-Ham. Ex DC.) (Southwest of China, Himalaya)
• Magnolia elliptilimba (B.L.Chen & Noot.) Figlar (Yunnan, China)
• Magnolia ernestii Figlar. (Sichuan, China)
  • Magnolia ernestii szechuanica (Dandy) Sima & Figlar (Sichuan, China)
• Magnolia figo (Lour) DC. (South China)
  • Magnolia figo var. crassipes (Law) Figlar & Noot. (South China)
  • Magnolia figo var. skinneriana ined. (South China)
• Magnolia flaviflora (Law & Wu) Figlar (Vietnam, Southwest of China)
• Magnolia floribunda (Finet & Gagnep.) Figlar (South China, Vietnam)
• Magnolia foveolata (Mr. Ex Dandy) Figlar (South China, Vietnam)
• Magnolia fujianensis (Q.F.Zheng) Figlar (South China)
• Magnolia fulva (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) Figlar (Yunnan in China and Vietnam?)
  • Magnolia fulva var. calcicola Sima & Yu (Yunnan, China)
• Magnolia guangxiensis (Law & R.Z.Zhou) Sima (Guangxi, China)
• Magnolia hypolampra (Dandy) Figlar (South China, Vietnam)
• Magnolia ingrata (B.L.Chen & S.C.Lang) Figlar (Yunnan, China)
• Magnolia jiangxiensis (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) Figlar (Jiangxi, China)
• Magnolia kingii (Dandy) Figlar (Banglades, Assam)
• Magnolia kisopa (Bush.-Ham. ex DC.) Figlar (Vietnam, Nepal)
• Magnolia koordersiana (Noot.) Figlar (Malaysia, Sumatra West)
• Magnolia lacei (W.W.Smith) Figlar (Southwest of China, Vietnam)
• Magnolia lanuginous (Wall.) Figlar & Noot. (Yunnan in China and Nepal)
• Magnolia mililleana (Dandy) Figlar (Southwest of China)
• Magnolia macclurei (Dandy) Figlar (South China, North Vietnam)
  • Magnolia macclurei var. sublanea Dandy. (Guangdong in China)
• Magnolia mannii (King) King (Assam)
• Magnolia martinii H.Lev. (Southeast China, Vietnam)
• Magnolia masticata (Dandy) Figlar (Yunnan in China and Laos)
• Magnolia maudiae (Dunn) Figlar (Southeast China, Is. Hainan)
  • Magnolia maudiae var. Hunanenasis (C.L.Peng & L.H.Yan) Sima (Hunan in China)
  • Magnolia maudiae var. platypetala (Hand.-Mazz.) Sima (South and China Centre)
• Magnolia mediocrities (Dandy) Figlar (South China, Vietnam)
• Magnolia microcarp (B.L.Chen & S.C.Yang) Sima (South China)
• Magnolia microtricha (Hand.-Mazz.) Figlar (Yunnan, China)
• Magnolia montana (Blume) Figlar & Noot. - champagne-gunung (from Malaysia to Borneo)
• Magnolia nilagirica (Zenker) Figlar (South India, Ceylon)
• Magnolia oblonga (Wall. Ex Hook.f. & Thomson) Figlar (Assam)
• Magnolia odora (Chun) Figlar & Noot. (Southeast China, North Vietnam)
• Magnolia opipara (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) Sima (Yunnan, China)
• Magnolia philippinensis P.Pharm (Philippines)
• Magnolia punduana (Hook.f. & Thoms.) Figlar (Assam)
• Magnolia rajaniana (Craib.) Figlar (Thailand)
• Magnolia scortechinii (King) Figlar & Noot. (Malaysia Peninsula, Sumatra West)
• Magnolia shiluensis (Chun & Y.F.Wu) Figlar (Is. Hainan)
• Magnolia sirindhorniae Noot. " Chalermglin (Thailand)
• Magnolia sphaerantha (C.Y.Wu ex Z.S.Yue) Sima (Southwest of China)
• Magnolia subulifera (Dandy) Figlar (Vietnam)
• Magnolia sumatrae (Dandy) Figlar & Noot. (Malaysia, Sumatra)
• Magnolia xanthantha (C.Y.Wu ex Law & Y.F.Wu) Figlar (Yunna, China)

Elmerrillia Subsection

• Magnolia platyphylla (Merr.) Figlar & Noot. (Philippines)
• Magnolia pubescens (Merr.) Figlar & Noot. (Philippines)
• Magnolia tsiampacca (L.) Figlar & Noot. (Sumatra, New Guinea)
  • Magnolia tsiampacca tsiampacca var. glaberrima (Dandy) Figlar & Noot. (Malaysia, New Guinea)
  • Magnolia tsiampacca mollis (Dandy) Figlar & Noot. (Sumatra, Borneo)
• Magnolia vrieseana (Miq.) Baill. Ex Pierre (Célebes, Moluccas)

Maingola Subsection

• Magnolia annamensis Dandy. (Vietnam)
• Magnolia carsonii Dandy ex Noot. (Borneum)
  • Magnolia carsonii var. drymifolia Noot. (Borneum)
  • Magnolia carsonii var. phaulanta (Dandy ex Noot.) S.Kim (Célebes)
• Magnolia cathcartii (Hook.f. & Thoms.) Noot. (Southwest of China, Burma)
• Magnolia griffithii King (India, Assam)
• Magnolia likevii King (India, Assam)
• Magnolia macklottii (Korth.) Dandy. (West of Java, Borneo)
  • Magnolia macklottii var. Beccariana (Agostini) Noot. (Sumatra)
• Magnolia pealiana King (Assam)

Aromadendron Subsection

• Magnolia ashtonii Dandy ex. Noot. (Sumatra, Borneo)
• Magnolia bintuluensis (Agostini) Noot. (Sumatra, Borneo)
• Magnolia borneensis Noot. (Borneo, Philippines)
• Magnolia elegans (Blume) Keng - Java gelatrang, Java kilunglung (Sumatra, Java)
• Magnolia pahangensis Noot. (Borneo, Philippines)

Subgenus Gynopodium

Gynopodium Section

• Magnolia kachirachirai (Kanehira & Yamamoto) Dandy (Taiwan)
• Magnolia lotungensis Chun & Tsoon (South China)
• Magnolia nitida W.W.Smith (West of Yunnan in China)
• Magnolia omeiensis (Hu & Cheng) Dandy (Sichuan, China)
• Magnolia yunnanensis (Hu) Noot. (Southeast of Yunnan in China)

Manglietiastrum Section

• Magnolia pleiocarpa (Dandy) Figlar & Noot. (Assam)
• Magnolia praecalva (Dandy) Figlar & Noot. (Vietnam, Malaysian peninsula)
• Magnolia sinica (Law) Noot. (Southeast of Yunnan in China)