Luxembourg (city)
Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerg; French: Luxembourg; German: Luxemburg), also known as Luxembourg City (Luxembourgish Stad Lëtzebuerg; German Stadt Luxemburg; French Ville de Luxembourg), is the capital of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, of the homonymous district and canton. It is located at the confluence of the Alzette and Pétrusse rivers, in the south of the country, and contains the historic castle of Luxembourg, established by the Franks in the High Middle Ages, and on the basis of which the city developed.
The Luxembourg metropolitan area, which includes Hesperange, Sandweiler, Strassen and Walferdange, has a population of &&&&&&&& &0103973.&&&&&0103,973 inhabitants. The city is divided into 24 neighborhoods that make up the community. The neighborhoods generally correspond to the neighborhoods and suburbs of the city.
Hometown of one of the founders of a united Europe, Robert Schuman, Luxembourg is one of the three headquarters of the European Union along with Brussels and Strasbourg. The city is home to some of the EU's most important institutions, including They include the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Investment Bank, the European Court of Auditors, the General Secretariat of the European Parliament and the Publications Office.
Luxembourg, despite its size, is a city with an important presence in Central European culture. It was the European Capital of Culture on two occasions, the first in 1995 and later in 2007, with the reason of promoting the mobility and reconciliation of cultures with the neighboring regions of the country in the European Union. The places of interest in the city include the Cathedral of Saint Mary of Luxembourg, the fortifications of the Middle Ages (Cultural Heritage of Humanity granted by Unesco in 1994), the Grand Ducal Palace, the Luxembourg Museum, the Plaza de Armas, the city hall, among some other constructions.
Luxembourg is one of the wealthiest cities in Europe, having become an important financial and administrative center.
Toponymy
In 963, Count Sigifredo I of Ardenne acquired a rocky promontory overlooking the Alzette River. According to the act recording the transaction, a fort called Lucilinburhuc was located there at that time., so the city and the country bear the same name.
History
Middle Ages
The city of Luxembourg was born around the year 963 with the construction of a castle built on the remains of an ancient Roman castillum called Lucilinburhuc (small castle), the new castle, property of Sigifredo I of Ardenne was immediately protected with a first wall in 965.
In 1050 a new outer wall parallel to the previous one is built to protect the sprawling little town. Since 1096, the title of County of Luxembourg is used for the first time by William I. In 1244 the Duchess Ermesinda I grants the city the right to freedom. In 1320 new works to fortify the city are undertaken under the reign of John the Blind, works that were completed in 1398. In 1354 Luxembourg became a duchy under the regency of Wenceslaus I.
The city of Luxembourg, after being conquered by the Burgundian troops led by Philip the Good, definitively entered the sphere of the great European fortresses, which earned it the nickname Gibraltar of the North, In addition to being besieged by the great powers of the time and being nestled between them.
Modern Age
In 1477, Luxembourg passed along with all the other Burgundian possessions into the hands of the Austrian Habsburgs. With the death of Maximilian of Austria and Maria of Burgundy, their grandson Emperor Charles V of Germany and I of Spain inherited what is now Luxembourg as part of the territories of the Netherlands, Flanders, Franche-Comté, Burgundy, Artois and the Palatinate among others. In 1543, French troops under the command of Francisco I seized the fort, which was reconquered by the Spanish Empire in 1544.
The Emperor had to deal with various religious revolts such as the Lutheran and the Calvinist and sent Hadrian of Utrecht, the future Pope of Rome, as governor. After the siege of 1684, the French troops of the Marquis de Vauban recapture the fortress. Between 1684 and 1688, Vauban had defensive fortifications built. After the signing of the Treaty of Ryswick, the Spanish administration returned to the place in 1698, although it was replaced by the French Bourbon administration three years later, during the War of the Spanish Succession.
After the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, the Dutch replaced the French for two short years, before Austrian troops retook control of the duchy in 1715 to stay with it for eighty years.
Contemporary Age
In 1795, after eleven months of siege and French blockade, the city surrendered to become the department of forests, which would be incorporated into the Republic and later into the French Empire, until 1814.
In 1815, the Congress of Vienna included it within the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, but as part of the German Confederation, its fortress remaining in Prussian hands until 1867, after the Luxembourg Crisis, it was declared neutral at the conference of London. Luxembourg will achieve full independence in 1890 on the death of King William III of the Netherlands.
Despite Luxembourg's efforts to remain neutral in World War I, it was occupied by Germany on August 2, 1914. On August 30, Helmuth von Moltke moved his headquarters to Luxembourg City, close to his armies. in France, in preparation for a quick victory. However, victory never came, and Luxembourg would host the German high command for another four years. At the end of the occupation the city was the scene of a communist attempt at revolution, on November 9, 1918 the communists declared a socialist republic, but it only lasted a couple of hours.
In 1921 the city limits were greatly expanded. The communes of Eich, Hamm, Hollerich, and Rollingergrund were incorporated into Luxembourg City, making this the largest commune in the country (a position it would hold until 1978).
In May 1940 Germany invaded Luxembourg again. The Nazis were unwilling to allow the Luxembourgers to govern themselves, and gradually integrated Luxembourg into Nazi Germany, informally attaching the country's administration to a neighboring German province. It was liberated on September 10, 1944. The city came under long-range bombardment by German V-3 guns in December 1944 and January 1945. After the war Luxembourg ended its neutrality, and became a member founder of several inter-governmental and supra-governmental institutions.
Since 1945
Since the end of World War II in Europe, the city has not suffered another invasion. In 1952, the city became the seat of the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community. In 1967, the High Authority was merged with the commissions of the other European institutions, although the city of Luxembourg ceased to be the seat of the ECSC, it was the seat for some part-sessions of the European Parliament until 1981. Luxembourg remains the headquarters of the secretariat of the European Parliament, as well as the Court of Justice, Court of Auditors and the European Investment Bank. Several departments of the European Commission are also based in Luxembourg.
Government
According to the constitution of Luxembourg, the mayoralty is centered on a council (communal council) elected by democratic means every second Sunday of October and six years, taking office on January 1 of the following year, the council until now has been form of twenty-seven members, being the largest in the Luxembourg principality. Currently the majority political party is the Democratic Party since it has eleven councilors, and curiously this party is the third largest in their country. Administrative power is vested in the mayor, who is the leader of the majority party in the city.
After the municipal elections of October 9, 2011, the lawyer Xavier Bettel was in charge of mayor, the Democratic Party also decided to form a coalition with the party of Los Verdes to govern the city.
National Government
Luxembourg City is the seat of national power, as the family of Grand Duke Henri I lives in Colmar-Berg.
Headquarters of European institutions
Luxembourg-European Union relations are the vertical relations between the supranational organization and one of its member States. The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg plays an active role in the development of the Union ' s policies where it attaches importance to the proper participation of the smaller member States of the EU, as well as in the reforms and development of community institutions.
Historically, the governments of Luxembourg have defended European integration. In 1951, Robert Schuman, the French politician from Luxembourg, promoted the European Coal and Steel Community (CECA). This community is often regarded as the "seed" of the European Union. In 1957, Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the European Economic Community (later European Union) and in 1999 it joined the Euro monetary area.
As a founding member of the Union and thanks to its central geographical location within the organization, the city of Luxembourg is one of three community headquarters. It includes institutions such as the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Investment Bank, the European Court of Accounts, the Publications Office, as well as different services of the European Commission. The presence of the European Parliament in Luxembourg is currently composed of the General Secretariat of the European Parliament and its services, although the Parliament held plenary meetings in the city for a brief period.Geography
Luxembourg City lies in the southern part of the Luxembourg Plateau, a large Early Jurassic sandstone formation that forms the heart of Gutland, a low, flat area that covers the southern two-thirds of the country.
The city center sits in a picturesque location on a ledge, atop steep cliffs that descend into the narrow valleys of the Alzette and Pétrusse rivers, the confluence of which is in the city. The 70 m deep gorges cut by the rivers are spanned by numerous bridges and viaducts, including the Adolfo Bridge, the Grand Duchess Charlotte Bridge, and the Footbridge. Despite the fact that the city is not particularly large, its design is complex, as it is spread over several levels.
The municipality of Luxembourg City covers an area of more than 51 km², or 2% of the total area of the Grand Duchy. This makes the city the fourth largest commune in Luxembourg, and by far the largest urban area. With about 1700 inhabitants per km², the city is not particularly populated, it has large areas that are maintained as parks, forest areas, important historical sites (especially Unesco sites), while there are also large tracts of farmland in the city limits.
It is divided into twenty-four neighborhoods: Beggen, Belair, Bonnevoie-Nord (Northern Good Way) / Verlorenkost (Lost Coast), Bonnevoie-Sud (Southern Good Way), Ville-Haute (Upper Town), Cents, Cessange, Clausen, Dommeldange, Eich, Gare (train station), Gasperich, Grund, Hamm, Hollerich, Kirchberg, Limpertsberg, Merl, Muhlenbach, Neudorf-Weimershof, Pfaffenthal, Pulvermuhl, Rollingergrund / Belair-Nord and Weimerskirch.
Neighborhoods of Luxembourg
In the city of Luxembourg, twenty-four districts or districts (in Luxembourg): Quartierënin French: Quartiers and in German: Stadtteile) constitute the highest level of public administration in the capital.
- Kirchberg
Kirchberg is a neighborhood located in Luxembourg City. It consists of a plateau located northeast of the city center, Ville Haute. Its most outstanding feature are several institutions of the European Union, such as the Court of Justice of the European Union, the Court of Accounts of the European Union, part of the European Commission, the Secretariat of the European Parliament, the European Investment Bank, and the European School of Luxembourg, all located in the western part.
In 2001, the neighbourhood had a population of 3534. The area also contains buildings of the University of Luxembourg. The eastern part contains offices, many international banks, a commercial centre owned by Auchan, the Luxexpo exhibition centre, Utopolis Kirchberg cinema and a hospital.Climate
Luxembourg has an oceanic climate influenced by breezes from the Atlantic Ocean, and is characterized by mild winters and cool summers. The air is generally warm and humid. The city receives an average of 782.2 mm of precipitation per year. Average annual temperatures are 9 °C, with the lowest averaging 0.8 °C in January and the highest being 17.5 °C in July. The highest temperatures generally occur in July and August.
 Luxembourg average climate parameters | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Ene. | Feb. | Mar. | Open up. | May. | Jun. | Jul. | Ago. | Sep. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual |
| Average temperature (°C) | 2.3 | 4.2 | 8.0 | 12.1 | 16.8 | 19.9 | 22.0 | 21.0 | 18.2 | 13.0 | 6.6 | 3.3 | 12.3 |
| Average temperature (°C) | 0.0 | 1.2 | 4.3 | 7.7 | 12.0 | 15.1 | 17.0 | 16.4 | 13.8 | 9.4 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 8.5 |
| Temp. medium (°C) | -2.3 | -1.8 | 0.6 | 3.3 | 7.1 | 10.2 | 12.0 | 11.8 | 9.3 | 5.7 | 1.2 | -1.3 | 4.7 |
| Total precipitation (mm) | 71.2 | 61.7 | 70.0 | 61.2 | 81.2 | 82.2 | 68.4 | 72.3 | 70.0 | 74.6 | 83.2 | 79.6 | 875.6 |
| Precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 18.3 | 15.0 | 16.6 | 15.5 | 16.0 | 14.6 | 12.5 | 13.5 | 12.6 | 14.4 | 16.4 | 16.9 | 182.3 |
| Hours of sun | 43.4 | 81.9 | 117.8 | 165.0 | 207.7 | 210.0 | 232.5 | 207.7 | 159.0 | 108.5 | 57.0 | 43.4 | 1633.9 |
| Source No. 1: World Meteorological Organisation (UN) | |||||||||||||
| Source No. 2: Hong Kong Observatory. | |||||||||||||
Demographics
The city had about &&&&&&&&&&075377.&&&&& 075,377 inhabitants in 1991, by 2004 its population had increased to &&&&&&&&&&083832. &&&&&083,832 people. In 2011, the population was &&&&&&&&&&090000.&&&&&0 90,000 inhabitants.
Only 39.58% of the city's inhabitants are native Luxembourgers, the rest of the population being of foreign origin.
| 1871 | 1900 | 1930 | 1970 | 2000 | 2006 | 2010 | 2011 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 303 | 39 488 | 53 837 | 76 159 | 80 670 | 82 509 | 90 848 | 95 058 |
Economy
Previously dominated by heavy industry and agriculture, Luxembourg's economy has undergone profound changes since the early 1970s. Before the foreseeable decline in the importance of heavy industry, the Luxembourg government systematically pursued a policy of diversification, New industries were established and developed with great success, especially in the banking and insurance sector. Like Frankfurt, London, Zurich, Hong Kong and Singapore, Luxembourg City is one of the most important financial centers in the world. After the United States, it is the largest center of specialization for investment funds in the world, as well as being the leader in Central Europe in reinsurance companies and the largest private banking center in the eurozone itself. The financial sector is the most important pillar of the city's economy. Overall, financial services and business services today generate almost half of Luxembourg's gross value added. In the financial sector it accounts for 22 percent of the labor force. The vast majority of them in the Kirchberg and Ville-Haute districts, directly in the capital. Currently, the city holds the fifth position of cities with the best standard of living in the world.
The construction industry is an important industry. It benefits from the creation of new industries, banks and insurance companies, as well as public works to improve infrastructure.
Luxembourg City is the administrative center of ArcelorMittal, the largest steel company in the world. It was formed in 2007 through the merger of the previously independent multinational steel company Arcelor and Mittal Steel. Arcelor was created in 2002 by the merger of the steel companies Arbed (Luxembourg), Usinor (France) and Aceralia (Spain). Arbed has always been the largest private employer in Luxembourg. Arbed's former headquarters were in a neoclassical building on Avenue de la Liberté, the largest boulevard in Luxembourg.
Urbanism
- Avenida de la Liberté
La Liberté Avenue (in French): Avenue de la Liberté, literally Avenida de la Libertad) is a street in the city of Luxembourg, in the south of the European country of Luxembourg. The avenue is a unique road artery, with four traffic transport lanes from the north of the Gare district, south of that sector, at the Luxembourg train station.
At its northern end, the Avenida de la Libertad is located with the Adolphe Bridge, which takes the traffic through the Pétrusse valley joining the Royal Boulevard in the city center, in the Ville Haute. A quarter of the road road, passes along the east side of the Martyrs Square, in front of what is the headquarters of ArcelorMittal, the largest steel manufacturer in the world. In the south, the street arrives at the central station of the city, so it becomes the Place de la Garepart of the N3.- Plaza de Armas
The Plaza de Armas (in French: Place d'Armesin Luxembourg: Plëss d'Arem) is a square in the city of Luxembourg, in the south of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Located in the center of the old city, which attracts a large number of neighbors and visitors, especially in the summer months. At first it was an arms yard for the troops defending the city.
After a great fire in 1554 that destroyed much of the Ville Hauteplans were made to design a square in the center of the fortified city. The task was assigned to the Dutch military engineer Sebastian van Noyen who designed the first version of the square, then known as the Neumarkt (New Marketplace). In 1671, Spanish engineer Jean Charles de Landas, Conde de Louvigny, created a slightly smaller space in the same place. It became known as the Place d'Armes, as it was used as an arms yard of a garrison. Under Louis XIV, he was paved with stone slabs and surrounded by lemon trees.- William II
William II Square (in French): Place Guillaume II; in Luxembourg known simply as: Knuedler) is a square in the city of Luxembourg, in the south of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. The square is located west of Krautmaart and north of the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Boulevard in the heart of the historic Haute Ville district of Luxembourg. It is known colloquially as Knuedler, which comes from the word of the Luxembourg language 'nudo', in reference to the knot in the belt used by the Franciscan friars.
The west half of the square is dominated by the City of Luxembourg, in the southwest, while the equestrian statue of the former Grand Duke William II, is on the east side.Services
Education
- University of Luxembourg
- University of the Sacred Heart
The University of the Sacred Heart of Luxembourg abbreviated as SHUL, is a business school and the campus of the University of the Sacred Heart, based in the City of Luxembourg, in the south of the country and European Principality of Luxembourg.
It is a Catholic higher education institution that graduates students from at least 30 countries. It consists of a subsection of the University of the Sacred Heart of Fairfield, Connecticut, USA.Transportation
- Luxembourg Airport
Luxembourg Findel International Airport (in Luxembourg): Fluchhafe Lëtzebuerg Findel) (IATA code: LUX - ICAO code: ELLX) is the main airport of Luxembourg, and the only one in the country with a paved track, with orientation 06/24 and a size of 4 000 x 60 meters long
The airport has two terminals and is completely international since there are no other commercial airports in the country.
Luxair, the international Luxembourg airline, and Cargolux, an exclusive cargo airline, are based in the vicinity of the airport.
As for the transport of goods, thanks mostly to the Cargolux company, it is the fifth largest airport of goods in Europe after Paris, Frankfurt, Amsterdam and London and at the 23rd place worldwide. In terms of passenger traffic, it transported 2,467,864 passengers in 2014.
- Luxembourg station
Luxembourg station (in Luxembourg): Gare Lëtzebuerg: in French: Gare de Luxembourgin German: Bahnhof Luxemburg) is the main railway station of the city of Luxembourg, south of Luxembourg. It is operated by the state railway company of Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois.
It is the center of the national railway network of Luxembourg, which serves as a point of scale to all (except one) the railway lines of Luxembourg - with the exception of line 80, which only for a station in Luxembourg-.-. It also operates as an international railway centre in the country, with services to all countries of the environment: Belgium, France and Germany. Since June 2007, the Est High Speed Line has connected the station to the French TGV network.
The station is 2 kilometres south of the city centre (Ville Haute), south of the Pétrusse River. The station gives name to Gare, one of the districts of the city of Luxembourg.Culture
The lifestyle in Luxembourg is greatly influenced by a great cultural content, characterized by its openness to the world, i.e. a mentally open layout, by an amount of cultural infrastructures among which there is always room for choice among various options, which fosters diversity. In addition, natural scenes are very common, multilingualism, parties and traditions.
As a result of all these contributions, an interesting amount of literary, artistic, architectural and musical works is obtained. Opera, dance and theatre are cultivated in addition to other expressive arts, the Luxembourg Festival or the Wiltz Festival, the nights of classical music in the Luxembourg Philharmonic or the Echternach International Festival are some manifestations in which you can appreciate the ability of the artists, in addition, it is possible that anyone who wishes to express themselves can do so in almost any of these scenarios, especially in the open festivals.
As for the musical point of view rock, pop or indie are very successful. In outdoor festivals you can account for the variety of music presented in Luxembourg.
The Grand Duchy offers throughout the year a variety of relevant cultural manifestations with a modern and dynamic cultural infrastructure in which anyone who is interested in enjoying these works.In 1994, UNESCO declared the entire historic centre of Luxembourg the cultural heritage of humanity. Luxembourg was the European Capital of Culture in 1995 and 2007. In 2007, Luxembourg was the European Capital of Culture along with the Great Region. The Romanian city of Sibiu was also involved.
In October 2003, the French-German-luxembourgeois trinational cultural institute Pierre Werner was inaugurated in Luxembourg (which bears the name of the former Prime Minister of Luxembourg).Places of Interest
The city is also characterized by a very extensive museum culture, in addition to the Luxembourg Museum it is worth mentioning the Historical Museum of Luxembourg City, the Mudam and the National Museum of Natural History, as well as the Villa Vauban art galleries, Casino Luxembourg and Am Tunnel. Its two main theaters also have an important presence, such as the Grand Theater of Luxembourg and Théâtre des Capucins. The Philharmonie concert hall hosts the capital's musical events, as well as the large auditorium of the Luxembourg Conservatory.
There is also the Cathedral of Our Lady of Luxembourg. It was originally a Jesuit cathedral, and its base was built in 1613.
- National Library
- Fort Thüngen
Fort Thüngen is a historic fortification of the City of Luxembourg. It is located in Dräi Eechelen Park, in the Kirchberg district, northeast of the city. Also known colloquially as the Three Bellotas (luxembourgeois: Dräi EechelenFrench: Trois Glands, German: Drei Eicheln) in reference to the acorns located at the tip of the three towers.
Built in 1732, it was expanded in 1836, and reinforced in 1860. It owes its name to the baron Adam Segismund of Thüngen, commander of the fortress. The construction was built on the Redoute du parcStrongly raised fifty years earlier by Vauban.
Most of the original fortress was ruined after the 1867 London treaty, which established the overthrow of numerous fortifications of the City of Luxembourg. There were only three towers and the foundations of the rest of the fort. During the 1990s, the modern art museum of Luxembourg was completely rebuilt in parallel with the development of the area for the construction of the Mudam. After being fully restored, the building was reopened in 2012 with the name of Dräi Eechelen Museum (Three Bellotas Museum).- Grand Theatre
- Museum of Modern Art
- Historic Museum of the City
- National Museum of History and Art
- Grand Ducal Palace
The Grand Ducal Palace (in Luxembourg, Groussherzogleche Palaisin French, Palais grand-ducalin German, Großherzogliches Palais) is a palace in the city of Luxembourg, south of Luxembourg.
It is the official residence of the great Duke of Luxembourg, and where he performs most of his duties as head of the State of the Grand Duchy.
- Puente Adolfo
The Adolfo bridge (of French: Pont Adolphe(in German, Adolphe-Brücke) is an arched stone bridge located in the city of Luxembourg. The bridge leads the traffic rolled over the Pétrusse River, connecting the Boulevard Real, in Ville Haute, with the Avenida de la LibertéIn Gare, Luxembourg. With 17.2 meters wide they contain 4 lanes, 3 to Gare and a bus lane to the Villa Haute, and also has two pavements for pedestrians.
Adolfo's bridge has become an unofficial symbol of Luxembourg's independence and has become one of the main tourist attractions. The bridge was designed by Paul Sejourné, a French civil engineer and Paul Rodange, a Luxembourg engineer. The bridge was built between 1900 and 1903.
The name of the bridge is due to the Grand Duke Adolfo of Luxembourg who reigned the country between 1890 and 1905, and was the first monarch to maintain the title without sharing any more. Although the bridge is over 100 years old, it is still called the New Bridge by the people of Luxembourg. The old bridge is the Passerelle, built between 1859 and 1861.- Villa Louvigny
Monuments
- American cemetery and monument
The American Cemetery and Monument of Luxembourg (in Luxembourg): Amerikaneschen Zaldotekierfecht zu Hammin German:Amerikanischer Friedhof mit Gedenkstätte in Luxemburgin French: Cimetière américain de Luxembourg) is located in the City of Luxembourg, in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. The cemetery is 2.5 kilometres south-west of Findel Airport. It is administered by the American Battle Commission. Under a treaty between the United States and Luxembourg, signed in 1951, to the US government. he was granted free use of the land that covers the cemetery, without taxes.
The cemetery, which occupies 50.5 acres (20.4 acres) of extension contains the remains of 5,076 American military killed in World War II. Up to 22 occasions the case of two siblings buried side by side in adjacent graves is given. Most of the buried people died during the Battle of Ardennes that was delivered near Luxembourg, between the winter of 1944 and the summer of 1945. The 5,076 tombstones are located on 9 plots or sections covered with fine grass, spelled from A to I. Among the illustrious soldiers buried there is General George Patton, decisive in the U.S. military campaign with armoured cars in Europe.- Monument of the Remembrance
The Monument of Remembrance (in French: Monument du souvenir; known by the nickname Gëlle Fra who in Luxembourg means "Golden Dam" is a monument to those who have fallen in the city of Luxembourg in southern Luxembourg. It is dedicated to the thousands of Luxembourgers who volunteered for service in the armed forces of allied powers during the First World War.
The Gëlle Fra is located in the Plaza de la Constitución, in the area called Ville Haute from the center of the city of Luxembourg.
The central piece of the monument is an obelisk of 21 meters high and made of granite. At the top of the obelisk stands a golden bronze statue with a woman, holding a laurel crown as if placed on the head of the nation. At the foot of the obelisk are two bronze figures representing the Luxembourg soldiers who volunteered to serve France, one is at the base of the statue, for having died in the service of his country, while the other sits, and is mourning for the death of his compatriot.Churches
- Cathedral of Our Lady
The cathedral is an example of Gothic style, however, it has some Renaissance elements. At the end of the centuryXVIII, the church received the miraculous image of Maria Consolatrix Afflictorum (from Latin, Mary, comfort of the afflicted), the patron of the city and the ducat.
About fifty years later, the church was consecrated; and rose in 1870 to the cathedral rank by Pius IX. And, from 1935 to 1938, it was enlarged.
Today, the cathedral crypt works as the burial site of the Grand Ducal Luxemburgese Family.- Church of San Miguel
The Church of San Miguel (in Luxembourg): Méchelskierchin French: Église Saint-Michelin German: Sankt Michaelskirche) is a Catholic church in Luxembourg City in southern Luxembourg. It is located in Fishmarket, in the central Ville Haute district.
The church is the oldest religious site in Luxembourg City. The first church was built in the place in 987 as the castle chapel by the count of Luxembourg. However, over the next centuries, the building was destroyed, rebuilt and renovated several times. The current look dates from 1688, and unites the Romanesque and Baroque architectural styles, in advance of the national Moselle Baroque style.- Church of Saint Peter and Paul
The Church of Saint Peter and Paul (in Luxembourg): Russesch-orthodox Kierch zu Lëtzebuerg) It is the first Russian Orthodox church in Luxembourg. It is under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Western Europe of the Russian Orthodox Church.
In 1975, a lot of land was obtained with the permission of the local authorities. In 1979 Archbishop Anthony (Bartoshevich) placed the first stone of the church.
The temple was consecrated on July 12, 1982 in honour of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul. The first priest and still active Sergey Pukh.Sports
- Stadium of Luxembourg
Twinnings
Camden, London, United Kingdom
Metz, France
Tambov, Russia (2012)
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Predecessor: Lisbon |  European Capital of Culture 1995 | Successor: Copenhagen |
Predecessor: Patterns | European Capital of Culture along with  Sibiu2007 | Successor:.svg){kind=small} Liverpool Stavanger |
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Annex: Municipalities of the province of Castellón