Los Angeles (Chile)
Los Ángeles is a commune and city in central Chile, capital of the Biobío province, in the region of the same name. It is located 510 kilometers from Santiago, the country's capital, and 127 kilometers from Concepción, the regional capital.
It is one of the fastest growing cities in the country in recent decades, reaching 202,331 inhabitants according to the 2017 census. It is the sixth most populous city south of Santiago.
Toponymy
In the founding order of the town of Los Angeles drawn up by José Manso de Velasco, there is no reference to Santa María de Los Ángeles, as the commune is believed to be called. The beginning of the second paragraph of the document states:
I have deliberated to give principles and execute the aforementioned population with the name of Villa de Los Angeles [... ]José Manso de Velasco, March 27, 1739.
It should be noted that the aforementioned document is not the foundation document, but rather the order given to Pedro de Córdova y Figueroa to carry out the actions pertaining to the future foundation of the town, which would occur two months later, on May 26, 1739.
The name of Villa de Nuestra Señora de Los Ángeles appears in official documents from colonial times. Although it is true that José Manso de Velasco names it only "Los Ángeles", in the act drawn up by José Perfecto de Salas on an official visit to the Villa in April 1749, he identifies it by its full name: Nuestra Señora de Los Ángeles. This same name is repeated in the Description histórico-geográfica del reino de Chile by Vicente Carvallo y Goyeneche and in the documents related to the general visit made to the bishopric of Concepción by Bishop Fray Ángel de Espiñeyra. This same denomination is maintained until the period of Independence, as is the case of the Act of Election of Deputies to the First National Congress of Chile, of January 10, 1811, which refers to the "very loyal town of Nuestra Señora de Los Angels”. The same occurs in the Open Town Hall held at Nuestra Señora de Los Ángeles, on September 17 of the same year.
Historian María Teresa Varas, through the book entitled Villa de Nuestra Señora de Los Ángeles from 1989, reveals the founding documents from the file called "Autos sobre la nueva población de Los Ángeles", finding the aforementioned references to "Nuestra Señora de Los Ángeles", which finally gives the name to his work. Even Bernardo O'Higgins in some of his letters referred to the villa in those terms.
In the book General History of Chile by Diego Barros Arana, explicit reference is made to the city as Santa María de Los Ángeles, although he clarifies that he has not found the founding document, which appeared only more afternoon in the Archive of Seville. In addition, the Los Angeles lawyer and writer Domingo Contreras Gómez continued with Diego Barros Arana's mistake, naming his 1939 work The History of the City of Santa María de Los Ángeles. In addition to the latter, when the Diocese was created in the 60s of the XX century, it was called Santa María of the Angels.
History
When the Spanish colonizers arrived, the area of the Los Angeles commune was inhabited by indigenous people called coyunche (or 'people of the sands'), because this area is the geographic center of the triangular sandy territory called in that time island of La Laja (limited by the Andes mountain range, the Laja river and the Biobío river).
From the 16th century military forts were built in the area. On March 26, 1739, the governor of Chile, José Manso de Velasco, ordered the founding of Villa de Los Ángeles. Sergeant Major Pedro de Córdova y Figueroa was entrusted with the task and, together with his master builders, began the layout of the streets on May 26 of that year (this is the commune's anniversary day).
For decades, the city struggled between poverty and neglect, but the subsequent agricultural and livestock boom in the area gave way to its consolidation. Capital of the lands formerly called Isla de La Laja and of the Alta Frontera by the Spanish conquerors, it had a military, religious, social and cultural mix character.
It was a key place for the Spanish conquest. Their lands were historically the main theater of combats and pacts between Spaniards, indigenous peoples and Chileans until late in the times of the Occupation of La Araucanía. Until the end of the XIX century, the Biobío River exactly and permanently defined the southern border, leaving Los Angeles, its capital, in a kind of territorial isolation, with a completely different social reality from all the other towns located to its north. During the XX century, the city is transformed by the population increase and development is evident. The boom in livestock and agricultural activities is materialized in industry and exports, especially in the development of forestry.
His most prominent character is the Liberator Bernardo O'Higgins, who, once he arrived from Europe in 1802 after spending practically all his life abroad, took charge of the Las Canteras hacienda, inherited from his father Ambrosio O'Higgins, near the town. He was later sub-delegate of the Island of La Laja, in charge of the town's municipal administration. On January 10, 1811, he was elected, by general acclamation of the neighborhood, as deputy for Los Angeles to the First National Congress. From there he promoted a series of advances for the area in his initial legislative project. The young O'Higgins created a Militia Regiment, with which, being its second commander, he faced the royalist forces in Los Angeles, leaving from here to the north, where he participated in the National Independence process, thus being then Los Angeles its political, military and revolutionary cradle.
In 1858, during the process of German immigration in Chile, Colonia Humán was founded, a town colonized by European immigrants (Germans and Austro-Hungarians) and which was completely conurbated within the current urban limits of the city.
Earthquake of February 27, 2010
In Los Angeles, with the earthquake, the little old architecture that was preserved in the city ended up being almost completely extinct. The old Casona Ciappa in the center of the city collapsed and the former boarding school of the Men's Lyceum, in front of the City's Plaza de Armas, suffered damage to its façade. The San Sebastián Chapel, located within the Doctor Víctor Ríos Ruiz Assistance Complex and declared a National Monument in 1987, was completely destroyed.
The Church of Perpetual Help, of colonial architecture, suffered serious damage to its dependencies, and had to be demolished. The Museum of the High Frontier registered irreparable damage. Similarly, some modern neighborhoods suffered the ravages of the earthquake. Relatively new sectors located in the South-West area of the city such as Villa Galilea, Paillihue, Villa Todos los Santos, Santiago Bueras and Lomas de Santa María registered housing collapses. Emblematic is the image of apartment blocks that fell one on top of the other in a domino effect. Great commotion caused a pub structure to collapse, killing three people. In the center of the city, the pedestrian promenade on the banks of the Estero Quilque gave way, causing the collapse of its sidewalks inside the estuary. Basic services were cut throughout the city for more than five days and in some sectors for weeks.
The Mallplaza Los Angeles resisted stoically. However, a large number of false skies inside were completely destroyed, presuming that if the event had taken place in daylight, the consequences would probably have been fatal.
Geography
The city is located between the Laja and Biobío rivers, at 133 ms. no. m.. The commune of Los Angeles is located between the parallels 37°28'14.70” S and between the meridians 72°21'6.79” W (UTM coordinates North 5.849.610, East 734.180, zone 18, Datum WGS84), at a height of 145 m s. no. m., measurement taken in the Plaza de Armas of this city, located between Valdivia, Colón, Caupolicán and Lautaro streets.
Your current limits are:
- To the north, the river Laja, from the Perales Bridge to the Vado de Tucapel, on the road to Quilleco.
- To the east, the road from Tucapel to Quilleco, from the Vado de Tucapel to its slope in the Estero Coreo, from the slope of the Tucapel-Quilleco road to the bridge of the Old Bridge to the Estero Curiche; from the road of the river Pardo to the bridge of the railway from Los Angeles to Santa Barbara; the previous line
- To the southwest, the Biobío River, from the Lanchadero de los Boldos to its mouth in the Biobío River, Huaqui River from its mouth in the Bío Bío to its confluence with the Estero Paso Cerrado and the Los Angeles Puente Perales road from Estero Paso Cerrado to Puente Perales, on the River Laja.
For telephone communications, place +56-43, with 56 being the number assigned to Chile, and 43 the number assigned to the Los Angeles telephone zone.
Climate
The city has a continental Mediterranean climate, with very marked seasons and dry and rainy periods of similar duration.
In summer, it is characterized by registering high temperatures (even one of the highest among the different cities of the country), with historical records of up to 43.6 °C in February 2016 and 45.2 °C on the 26th January 2017, during the 2017 heat wave.
Generally, the maximum summer temperatures range between 33 °C and 38 °C, and the minimum, between 17 °C and 22 °C. It is characterized by being a predominantly dry season, with transition weather at the end of March and beginning of April.
On the other hand, winter is marked by precipitations mainly in the form of rain, concentrating more than 85% of the annual total. It is an essentially rainy season with low temperature records, with frequent frosts and periods of San Juan summer characteristic of the central valley.
The Puelche wind is another notable feature of Los Angeles weather. This hot and dry wind that blows from the Andes mountain range exerts a great influence on the high temperature records on summer days, since the city is located in the middle of an exceptionally wide valley and without major elevations, limited to the south-west Due to the Nahuelbuta mountain range, which prevents the entry of more humid winds, the puelche "stagnates" or slows down enough to warm the air and usually raise the thermal sensation above 40 °C.
 Average climate parameters of Los Angeles, Bío Bío, Chile | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Ene. | Feb. | Mar. | Open up. | May. | Jun. | Jul. | Ago. | Sep. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual |
| Temp. max. abs. (°C) | 45.2 | 43.6 | 32.8 | 27.8 | 22.8 | 17.8 | 17.8 | 26.1 | 23.9 | 30 | 33.9 | 37.8 | 45.2 |
| Average temperature (°C) | 28.9 | 28.9 | 25.6 | 20 | 15.6 | 12.8 | 12.2 | 13.3 | 15.6 | 19.4 | 25 | 28.3 | 20.6 |
| Average temperature (°C) | 20 | 19.4 | 17.2 | 13.3 | 10.6 | 8.3 | 7.8 | 8.3 | 10 | 12.2 | 16.1 | 18.9 | 13.5 |
| Temp. medium (°C) | 11.1 | 10.6 | 9.4 | 7.2 | 6.1 | 4.4 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 5.6 | 7.8 | 10 | 7.2 |
| Temp. min. abs. (°C) | 6.1 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 0 | -2.8 | -5 | -7.2 | -3.9 | -3.9 | -1.1 | 2.2 | 3.9 | -7.2 |
| Total precipitation (mm) | 22.9 | 15.2 | 25.4 | 61 | 254 | 162.6 | 162.6 | 149.9 | 121.9 | 38.1 | 22.9 | 38.1 | 1074.4 |
| Precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 1.8 | 1.3 | 2 | 5.5 | 10.2 | 12.6 | 10.4 | 9.5 | 7.5 | 3.5 | 1.6 | 27 | 92.9 |
| Relative humidity (%) | 59 | 65 | 66 | 74 | 86 | 86 | 85 | 83 | 77 | 71 | 66 | 60 | 73 |
| Source: Weatherbase | |||||||||||||
Demographics
The population of the commune is 202,331 inhabitants (2017 census), of which 74.7% correspond to urban population and 25.3% to rural. It is the first city that, without being the regional capital, exceeds 200,000 inhabitants.
Within the communities of historical immigrants from the city of foreign origin, the Spanish, the Arab, the German and the Swiss stand out, depending on their number and contributions, coming from the towns colonized by Europeans in the area, especially from Araucanía.
Administration
The administration of the commune corresponds to the Illustrious Municipality of Los Angeles, an autonomous corporation under public law, with legal personality and its own assets. The authority of said municipality is Mayor Esteban Krause Salazar (PRSD) and is advised by the Municipal Council, made up of the following councilors:
- Patricio Pinilla Valencia (PDC).
- Zenon Jorquera Figueroa (PRSD).
- Eduardo Velásquez Lagos (PDC).
- José Salcedo Contreras (PRSD).
- Daniel Badilla Cofré (RN).
- Oriana Offermann Perello (REP).
- Yasna Quezada Valdebenito (UDI).
- Luis Medel Figueroa (PPD).
- Julio Cano San Martín (RN).
- Paola Ortiz Morales (Ind./Evópoli).
Los Angeles Mayors
- 2016 - 2021 Esteban Krause
Symbols
Shield
The shield of Los Angeles, approved in the municipal session of February 2, 1953 and declared official by municipal decree number 88 of February 1953, has the following elements:
The background is silver, on which is a red bull, symbol of the bravery of the ancient inhabitants of the Island of La Laja. Above and below the central figure are three thick wavy lines that represent the La Laja river and the Biobío river. In the upper area of the silver field there are six converging rays in red color representing the strength of the spirit and the electrical energy produced in the area. Surrounding the silver field, a wide blue border frames eight silver eagles, which represent the Spanish and Chilean garrisons of the forts of the Biobío line. At the upper end, finally, is a gold crown of the municipalities of Chile.
Flag
The official flag of Los Angeles was approved by a municipal decree signed in May 1975 by the mayor at the time, Mario Ríos Padilla. The author was the then 16-year-old Santiago Patricio Castro Rojas, a student at the Industrial High School and winner of the contest convened in April 1975 by the Los Angeles Cultural Corporation and the Municipality within the framework of the city's anniversary. Castro passed away due to a sudden illness when he was 20 years old. He is buried in the General Cemetery in a tomb built by the municipality, where the flag created by him stands out.
The flag is designed with three horizontal stripes. The upper and lower ones are green, symbolizing agriculture and forestry in the area. The central one, the widest, symbolizes the brilliance of the snows of the Andes Mountains and the beauty of the waterfall and the mist of Salto del Laja. In the center is inserted (within the white area) the official coat of arms of the commune.
Economy
In 2018, the number of companies registered in Los Angeles with the Internal Revenue Service (SII) was 5,995. The Economic Complexity Index (ECI) in the same year was 1.75, while the activities The economic sectors with the highest Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index were beet cultivation (97.8), forage cutting and baling services (49.59) and manufacturing of wooden containers (25.7).
Afforestation and forestry
The incorporation of forestry into the territory dates back to the first decades of the XX century, when, on lands of poor quality, some pioneer owners began planting radiata pine. The case of Máximo Puffe stands out, who planted a thousand hectares of radiata pine on his farm La Aguada. Bernardo Timmermann in turn reforested 500 ha on his Batuco and Las Tejas farms. Other pioneers in afforestation were Enrique Zañartu, Alberto Collao, Alfredo Irarrázabal, Leoncio Larraín and Francisco de la Cruz, who later created Maderas Prensadas Cholguán.
Currently, 27.6% of the communal territory corresponds to the use of forest plantations, without considering the land dedicated to nurseries, sawmills or industries associated with the timber sector.
Irrigation and agricultural activities
The construction of the Laja canal and the irrigation of 40,000 hectares of good quality soils in the communes of Los Ángeles and Quilleco made it possible to substantially raise the quality of agricultural activities there. In 1928 the Bío Bío Dairy Cooperative was created to market the growing amount of milk that was obtained. Ten years later, other dairy companies emerged, such as Graneros. There were farmers who already in these years chose to plant fruit trees for export, especially apples.
Large-scale irrigation, which continued after the construction of the Laja canal and which benefited thousands of new hectares in the province of Biobío in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, created conditions for further development of agriculture and livestock. Sugar beet cultivation then expanded widely, currently one of the most important in the province. In turn, the IANSA company built a sugar production plant in the city of Los Angeles.
Main crops
The main crops in irrigated areas are sugar beets, spring wheat, and prairies, in which pink clover predominates. The processing of agricultural products is of an elementary nature and refers especially to the production of silage and hay, which are vital for livestock feeding. Regarding business management, medium and large farmers have equal access to agricultural credit, but not small owners. Most agricultural products are sold in the regional market, except for non-traditional crops of fruits and vegetables. Various species of berries have also begun to be cultivated, such as raspberries, blackberries, blueberries, as well as asparagus and other vegetables for export.
The named crops correspond to a type of intensive irrigation agriculture. The processing of the products is of a primary nature and refers to the selection, use of cold and packaging. Here, the business strategy is geared towards exports, which is why they require prompt access to bank credit.
Rainfed agriculture
There is little rainfed agriculture in the commune, due to limiting factors of the soil and especially the prolonged period of dry months. This translates into extensive or subsistence agriculture, with medium to low yields, a condition that has favored the occupation of these soils by forest plantations.
The main crop grown in this area is winter wheat, which is part of the rotation that includes oats, rapeseed, and natural pastures.
Industry
In the commune of Los Angeles, according to the Regional Industrial Cadastre, there were fourteen important industrial units in 1992, six of which were urban and eight rural. However, according to the analysis of industrial patents, there are more than 600 industrial units, including small and medium-sized industries. The higher category industries are located on the strip of Ruta 5 Sur, Ruta del Bosque concession, with the rest of the small and medium-sized industries located on the physical edges of the city.
Of the total number of industries, 43% corresponds to minor industries and electrical, mechanical and maintenance workshops in general. 18% corresponds to the furniture and carpentry industries, 5.2% is dedicated to the food industry and 5% is oriented to clothing, clothing and fabrics. The rest corresponds to the industry of higher level.
Special mention should be made of the industry linked to wood products, such as sawmills, furniture factories and forestry services, which present investments in the commune, thereby reaffirming its forestry vocation. The city supplies services to the four large sawyers in the area, Remanufacturing (Clear), Bucalemu, Mulchén and Nacimiento, with the Santa Fe Industrial Complex being in the latter city, dedicated to the industrial production of cellulose, one of the main products region of.
The Iansa sugar plant, installed in 1953, has an important presence in the historical industrial activity of the city, and is, together with the Chillán plant, one of the two beet processing plants present in the region. In fact, the Los Angeles plant constitutes the start-up of the Iansa company. However, on September 29, 2020, the company announced the definitive closure of the Los Angeles plant.
The power generation at the Pangue, Ralco, Rucúe and Antuco power plants, owned by Endesa and Colbún, also stands out.
Tourism
In the center of the city is the Roberto Espinoza Municipal Library of Los Angeles No. 292 and the Alta Frontera Museum, which has a large collection of Mapuche utensils and objects, as well as weapons from the colonial era republican. Inside the Dr. Víctor Ríos Ruiz Hospital is the chapel of the San Sebastián Hospital, a national monument since 1989. On Avenida Villagrán, corner of Orompello, is the typical local picada La Casa Rosada, where for For more than 100 years, men have met to socialize in political gatherings.
The streets of the city center are arranged in a checkerboard pattern. Those that go from north to south have Spanish names, such as Colón or Pedro de Valdivia; those that go from east to west have names of Mapuche historical figures such as Colo Colo, Caupolicán or Janequeo. This is a reflection of the history of the city.
In the northern access of the city is the Salto del Laja, whose importance has contributed to the formation of a populated center in constant growth. About 100 kilometers east of Los Angeles is the Antuco volcano in the Andes mountain range.
Other tourist sites in the commune are the Rarinco river spa, the Huaqui river spa and sport fishing in the Biobío river in the section from San Carlos de Purén to Nacimiento. It coincides that in the town of San Carlos de Purén there is a site of historical importance, corresponding to a fort, which is part of the chain of forts located on the banks of the Biobío river as a defensive line against the attack of the indigenous people in times of the Arauco War.
Los Angeles currently has a hectic nightlife. The premises located on Avenida Alemania with Marconi stand out, whose corner has established itself as an important pole of development in terms of clubs and bars. Additionally, in Colo Colo street there are modern bars, in which the most bohemian society of the city is grouped.
On July 29, 2008, the Gran Juegos Los Angeles Casino opened its doors. The complex incorporates state-of-the-art slot machines accompanied by card tables, four roulette wheels, a bingo room and a bar inside. It also includes a hotel with 90 rooms on 12 floors, so far the highest in the city. This building has the most modern anti-seismic engineering and proof of this is that, despite its great height, in the 2010 earthquake it did not suffer any type of damage or misfortune to regret. This project has the operating permit granted in 2006 by the Superintendency of Gaming Casinos. Now it happens to be another major tourist attraction in the city.
In the urban center there is a varied offer for those who carry out urban tourism, especially for the floating population that comes for shopping tourism. The Spanish Center, where a commercial gallery is located on its first floors, is an ideal place for these purposes. It was designed by well-known European architects, who brought the latest technology and designs. On the upper floors we will find modern hairdressers, which are attended by renowned stylists from the region. Next to it we find the renowned Paseo Alcalá, a place where the most recognized stores of the Los Angeles trade are concentrated, being an interesting entertainment walk for tourists. This particular shopping center has a large parking lot for its customers. La Vega Techada is the main market and food market of the commune, which supplies small and medium-sized merchants both in the city and from other communes in the province with perishable food.
Another place that is emerging as a trade pole in the region is the Mallplaza Los Angeles shopping center, located in an active growth center of the city, along with other icons of progress, such as the Gran Casino de Juegos Los Angeles, the Four Points Hotel and McDonald's fast food restaurant. This shopping center also has exclusive brand stores, a food garden and an exclusive cinema with modern technology.
A place in the city is usually the Esmeralda Lagoon, which has a great variety of flora and fauna. It is also possible to explore its calm waters in one of the boats that are rented to its visitors. Next to it we find the dinosaur park, where you can learn a lot about these specimens. You cannot miss visiting the 14 blocks of interconnected green areas in the heart of Los Angeles, with different native trees and recently installed playgrounds. Another point of communion is the Plaza Pinto sector, surrounded by shops and exclusive cafeterias.
Infrastructure
Real estate projects took over the Los Angeles commune from 2008 onwards, where there was a real estate boom whose buildings ranged from 8 to 13 stories high. However, in the same year the tower of the casino hotel was built, whose height is one of the highest in the region (70 m). Therefore, in recent times, Los Angeles has grown considerably as a true urban center, in addition to the arrival of companies from other cities, among others. The urban panorama (skyline) characteristic of the city, with its modern high-rise buildings both in its downtown area and on the periphery, can be seen from the road that crosses the city.
As of 2015, 12- and 15-story towers are being built in different areas of the city. In the center of the city, the construction of a 16-story office tower is contemplated, joining another 16-story tower, further strengthening the business hub in the city center, and Los Angeles as a strategic hub within the city. southern zone of Chile.
In the field of roads, during the last decade the so-called lomos de toro (jumps) have been designed and distributed, which have helped to reduce traffic accidents, especially those involving pedestrians. They also highlight the installation of numerous and modern traffic lights of two, three and four times in the most controversial corners. The improvement of Alemania Avenue turned it into a beautiful gateway to the city as a symbol of progress in recent years.
Environment
Renewable energy
Within the communal area there is a high potential for the production of electricity through wind energy. It is for this reason that the first wind farm in the commune was inaugurated in 2014. The Cuel Wind Farm consists of 22 wind turbines, with a capacity of 33 MW, which feed the Santa Luisa substation of the Central Interconnected System (SIC), thus contributing to the generation of renewable energy in Chile.
Education
Schools and high schools
Among the main educational establishments in the city of Los Angeles are:
- Los Angeles Adventist Educational Center (CEALA)
- School F-900 Republic of Germany
- Colegio Los Angeles Avda. Ercilla 389
- Marta Brunet College. (Freire 424)
- Liceo Particular Carlos Condell. (Alcázar 450)
- German Liceum of the Divine Word
- Colegio Teresiano
- German College
- Colegio Concepción Los Angeles
- Colegio Padre Alberto Hurtado
- Colegio Instituto Cristiano Gracia y Paz
- Hispanic American College
- Colegio San Rafael Arcángel (Los Sauces 1497)
- Colegio San Gabriel Arcángel (Avenida Dr. Manuel Rioseco 855)
- College English Woodland
- Saint George College (Avenida Oriente 1145)
- Colegio San Nicolás
- College La Fuente
- College Southern School
- Liceo Comercial Camilo Henríquez
- Adventist College
- Colegio San Ignacio
- Colegio Santo Tomás
- Los Angeles Bicentennial Liceum A-59 (Exlice of Men)
- Liceo Industrial A-65 Samuel Vivanco Parada
- Liceo Comercial Diego Portales Palazuelos (Avenida Ricardo Vicuña 0108)
- Technical Liceo B-63 Juanita Fernández Solar
- Liceo Santa Rita De Casia 73
- Liceo Santa Maria de Los Angeles A-61 (ex-girlfriend)
- Bernardo O'Higgins D-868
- Virquenco Basic School F-933
- José General School of San Martín D-926 (ex-N. 4)
- José Manso School of Velasco D-953 (ex-N. 2)
- Santa Maria de Los Angeles Special School
- Liceo Don Orione
- Laja Island School Los Angeles
- Colegio Ruiseño
- Israel Republic School E-927
Higher Education
Universities
- University of Concepción (accredited)
- Catholic University of the Blessed Conception (accredited)
- Bolivarian University (not accredited)
- Universidad Santo Tomás
- Universidad Tecnológica de Chile Inacap
Professional Institutes and Technical Training Centers
- Instituto Profesional Virginio Gómez
- Inacap
- AIEP Professional Institute
- Los Angeles Professional Institute
- La Araucana Professional Institute
- I.P The Lakes
- Central Valley
- Institute English Learning Center
- St. Thomas
- Oxford English Academy
Sectors
- Centre: corresponds to the quadrant limited by the streets Lientur (north), Villagrán (this), Avenida Ricardo Vicuña (sur) and Ercilla (west) understanding part of the historical center of the city.
- North: sector that grew around which was the old road to Route 5, today Avenida Sor Vicenta. In this sector we find populations that have emerged since the 1990s, such as: Villa Pinares, Parque Sor Vicenta, Los Castaños, Mirador Oriente, Condominio Amatista and Clara de Godoy. More towards the center of the city we find the sector Villa Hermosa, Population Juan Dellalián and the Centenario neighborhood.
- Northeast: sector that has suffered a predominantly real estate expansion since the 1990s, in it is located the Villas National Parks, Spain, France, Italy, Greece, in addition to the towns Basilio Muñoz, ENDESA, Antuco, Rucamalal, Villa Obispo, Galvarino, among others.
- East: is a sector associated with the upper class that houses the so-called La Colonia neighborhood. One of the main axes of this sector corresponds to Avenida Germany, highlighting in this segment the Olympic Villa, Population Banco del Estado, Balmaceda, Villa Mininco, Pedro Lagos, among others; in its border with the center is the population Domingo Contreras Gómez, emerged on the basis of a camp, and towards its meeting with the ex route 5 is the Lower Monte Cea. The other axis of the sector is the Avenida Gabriela Mistral, around which are located Villa Catalunya, Jardines de la República, neighborhoods close to the Hospital and the University of Concepción such as Francisco de Aguirre, Plaza España, Montegrande, Condomino Gabriela Mistral, in addition to the cemeteries General (municipal) and Catholic (from the Diocese Angelina).
- Survivor: the main entrance to this sector from the center of the city is by Los Carreras, and is composed mainly of villas, condominiums and populations south of the Paillihue estuary, as are the Old Country, CenturyXXI, Writers of Chile, Millaray, Las Américas, Seville, Parque Lauquén, Montreal, Monterrey, Historians, Tolpán, May 21, Los Ríos, Philadelphia, Portal Manso de Velasco, Parque Antuco, in addition to the Santuarios de Chile and Condominio Los Carrera before crossing the esturo.
- South: corresponds to the surrounding sectors to the Chiprodal plant of Nestlé: Villa Las Quintas, Villa Todos Los Santos, in addition to the neighborhood Pueblo Nuevo, understood by the quadrant Los Carrera-Avenida Ricardo Vicuña-Camilo Henríquez-Avenida Vicuña Mackenna.
- Surprising: sector next to the IANSA plant. There are the IANSA Population, Villa Galilee, Villas of Santa Maria and the Population 2 of September.
- Poniente: includes all the towns located towards the west of Ercilla Avenue: Andean Population, Order and Homeland, Orompello, O'Higgins, Santiago Bueras, Lo Elvira, Lomas de Santa María, Cities of Chile, The Teachers, Villa Genesis, Las Tranqueras, Lagos de Chile, Ronald Ramm, among others.
- Northeast: villas located north of Calle Orompello-Camino al Aerodromo María Dolores, and towards the west of Avenida Ercilla, next to the Highlight of Mountain n.o 17 "Los Angeles": Club de Campo, Los Mayors, Villa Santa Fe, among others.
- Rural: neighborhoods and/or condominiums that are located in the surroundings of Los Angeles such as: Seven Rios, Haras La Montaña, Villa Las Palmas, Doña Isidora, Alameda San Francisco, Country Santa Eliana and Granja Osiris, plus a lot of passages in Camino Antuco, Camino a Cerro Colorado, Camino a Birth, Camino San Antonio and on Camino a Santa Barbara. They fit in this category residential sectors located outside the ring By Pass - The Industries, like Los Tilos and Duqueco.
Jurisdictionally, the rural settlements of Chacayal Sur, San Carlos de Purén, El Peral, Santa Fe and Salto del Laja are part of the commune, all located outside the urban radius of the city.
Transportation
Public transportation
The city has numerous public transport offers:
Taxis
Popularly known as “micros” or “hares” (a term not so used), they provide service supplying almost the entire city:
- Line 1 : joins the sector of Villa Galilea (Sector IANSA) with the northern sector of the city, arriving by the ex route 5 to Camino Entel.
- Line 2 Paillihue-Avellano: connects the sector of Paillihue (cruce El Peral, Las Américas) with the northern sector of the city, arriving by the ex Ruta 5 Sur to the Rarinco bridge on its troncal route. It has variants to Los Tilos (sector located near the north access from Route 5 South) and the Las Industrias Avenue between the Sor Vicenta crossing and the Antuco crossing.
- Line 5 Orompello-Monte Cea: joins the General Cemetery and the avenues Germany and Gabriela Mistral with some villas of the western sector of the city (Santiago Bueras, Las Lomas and Las Tranqueras) ending their journey in the Villa Genesis. This Line created variant 3 that occupies the place left by Line 4 "Chiprodal Bolsón" that goes from Villa Todos los Santos to the north-eastern sector of the City.
- Line 6 Paillihue Santiago Bueras: Its variant A unites the Villa Montreal in Paillihue with some villas of the western sector of the city (Santiago Bueras, Las Lomas and Las Tranqueras) ending their tour in the Villa Genesis. Its variant B unites Oldland with the Villa Genesis.
- Line 7 Duqueco-Paillihue-Santiago Bueras: joins the suburban sector of Duqueco (south access from route 5), passing through Paillihue, with some villas of the western sector of the city (Santiago Bueras, Las Lomas).
- Line 8 Paillihue-Bolson: joins Parque Lauquén and Patria Vieja in Paillihue, with villas of the western sector of the city (Santiago Bueras, Las Lomas), finishing their journey in the population Cities of Chile. It has a variant from the General Cemetery.
- Line 10 New Express: joins Parque Lauquén and Patria Vieja in Paillihue, with villas of the western sector of the city (Santiago Bueras, Las Lomas).
- Line 11 Route Eleven: joins Villa Philadelphia in Paillihue, with villas in the western part of the city (Santiago Bueras, Las Lomas).
Roads
The main access road to the city is Ruta 5 Sur, the Ruta del Bosque concession that covers the Chillán-Collipulli section. There are 4 access clovers at kilometers 500 (North: Rarinco), 507 (Center: María Dolores), 512 (Center: Route CH-180) and 521 (South: Duqueco), in which access an entrance toll is paid to the city. The north and south accesses are connected by the old Pan-American Highway, today called Avenida Las Industrias, which remained in a deteriorated state until its complete replacement between 2012 and 2013.
From Nacimiento, Laja and Angol, you enter through Route CH-180, which becomes Octavio Jara Wolff avenue after the cloverleaf on Route 5, and into Vicuña Mackenna avenue when you reach the Iansa plant.
Other important routes that connect with the upper sector of the Andes are those that connect Los Angeles with Antuco and with Santa Bárbara. There are also smaller roads, but partly paved, that connect the city with rural sectors such as Las Trancas, Los Robles, El Peral, Cerro Colorado and Pedregal, and the María Dolores Airport.
Public transportation
The city has 5 bus terminals:
- The terminal Rodoviario Santa Maria, with interprovincial departures from various companies to Santiago, Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Rancagua, Curicó, Talca, Chillán, Concepción, Angol, Temuco, Pucón, Valdivia, Puerto Montt and Chiloé, among others.
- The terminal Tur-Bus, owned by the homonymous holding company, from which the buses of the Tur-Bus company and its brands come out.
- The Municipal terminal, reigned in 2011, is the main starting point of buses to Laja, Yumbel, Salto del Laja, Monte Aguila, Cabrero, Negrete, Santa Fe, Millantú and rural towns of the Los Angeles commune.
- The rural terminal Islajacoop, owned by the homonymous cooperative, main starting point of buses to Mulchén, Birth, Antuco, Quilleco and surroundings, Huépil, Tucapel, Yungay, Laja, Santa Barbara, Quilaco and the mountain sector of the High Biobío to the north of that river. There are also exits to various rural locations in the Los Angeles commune.
- The Rural terminal Santa Rita, with exits to Santa Barbara, Quilaco and the mountain sector of Alto Biobío to the south of that river; it is also a starting point for services to various rural towns of the municipality of Los Angeles, as well as to Mulchén and Birth.
Railway
Until 1995, the Los Ángeles Station was in operation, belonging to the Santa Fe-Los Ángeles-Santa Bárbara branch line. The site was located between Ricardo Vicuña and 21 de Mayo avenues. Currently the building no longer exists and a supermarket and the headquarters of an educational institution have been built on its land. Despite this, the Los Angeles Station is part of the Interregional Rail Transport Project, which would link the city to Santiago to the north and Puerto Montt to the south. Although the original project considered the distant station to be about 15 kilometers southwest of Los Angeles, the new project brings the station closer and locates it about 5 kilometers away, on the road that connects the city with Nacimiento.
Airport
On the outskirts of the city is the María Dolores Airport, which has an asphalt runway measuring 1700x30 meters. This airport received commercial flights until the late 1990s. Airlines such as LAN Chile, Avant Airlines, Alta and Ladeco among others. It currently belongs to the country's secondary aerodrome network and receives flights from private and corporate lines such as ambulance flights.
Media
Newspapers and Magazines
- The Contrast - [1]
- The Tribune
- Revista Vía Los Angeles
Radio stations
The city has 27 FM signals that have their transmitting antennas within the commune, 14 are local, 7 satellite, 4 are national and regional networks with Local Transmissions, it is also possible to receive signals from Angol, Nacimiento and Santa Bárbara in some or several sectors of the city and commune
- FM
- 89.3 MHz New Mine
- 90.3 MHz Pudahuel
- 91.3 MHz South Chain
- 91.7 MHz Principal (OFF)
- 92.1 MHz South
- 92.7 MHz Positive
- 93.5 MHz La Sabrosita
- 94.5 MHz Harmony
- 95.3 MHz Regina Coeli
- 96.1 MHz Infinite
- 96.7 MHz Bío Bío
- 97.5 MHz San Cristobal
- 98.3 MHz Camila
- 100.5 MHz Agriculture
- 101.7 MHz Point 7
- 102.3 MHz Universal
- 103.1 MHz Heart
- 103.5 MHz Carnival Paradise
- 104.1 MHz Corporación
- 104.9 MHz DNA
- 105.3 MHz New Aurora
- 105.7 MHz Romantic
- 107.1 MHz New Time
- 107.3 MHz Conquest
- 107.5 MHz Eagle wings
- 107.7 MHz Aromo FM
- 107.9 MHz Spring
The city has 4 amplitude modulated signals.
- AM
- 730 kHz Angelina
- 1200 kHz Corporación
- 1290 kHz Magdalena
- 1400 kHz The Friendship
Television
- VHF
- 2 - New Time
- 3 - The Network
- 6 - TVN
- 7 - Canal 9 Bío-Bío Televisión
- 9 - Mega
- 11 - Chilevision
- 13 - Channel 13
- TDT
- 3.1 - The HD Network
- 6.1 - TVN HD
- 6.2 - NTV.
- 9.1 - Mega HD
- 9.2 - Mega 2
- 11.1 - Chilevision HD
- 11.2 - UChile TV
- 13.1 - Channel 13 HD
- 13.2 - T13 Live
- 21.1 - Bío Bío TV HD
- Cable
- 65 - Canal 9 Bío-Bío Televisión (VTR)
- 66 - Channel 2 Los Angeles (VTR)
- 67 - TVU (VTR)
Sports
For the second half of 2015, the new FIFA-standard stadium for the city will be put out to tender, with a capacity of over ten thousand people and it will be built at kilometer 2 on the way to Nacimiento, at the Pata de Gallina intersection.[citation required]
The Municipality of Los Angeles has finalized the Sports Complex that is located in the fields of the Monte Cea sector (Alemania Avenue) with a capacity of 3,500 people.[citation required]
| Equipment/Club | Date of foundation of the club | Years you have | League currently |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iberia | 15 June 1933 | (89 years) | Second Professional Division of Chile |
| Union Santa Maria | 19 November 2009 | (13 years) | Dissolved |
Featured Characters
- Roberto Bolaño
- Eric Gallegos
- Claudia Robles
Contenido relacionado
West Timor
Cilleros of the Bastide
Volgograd