Karlsruhe

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Karlsruhe (Acerca de este sonido[^ka]lsの]u meant] (?·i); literally in Spanish «Reposo de Carlos» is the third largest city in Baden-Wurtemberg in south-west Germany (after Stuttgart and Mannheim), close (15 km) to the border with France.

Karlsruhe was founded in 1715 as a Baroque city and was the capital of the Grand Duchy of Baden. Due to the urban plan according to which it was founded, its streets radiate the entire city. For this reason it is known as Fächerstadt ("Fan City"). Karlsruhe is the capital and residence city of the former state of Baden.

Karlsruhe is also today the capital of the Karlsruhe Rural District, although it is not part of it. Since 1950, the German Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht) and the Federal Court (Bundesgerichtshof) have had their seats in Karlsruhe, thus the city is called the seat of justice.

Station trains Karlsruhe

Climate

Karlsruhe has an average annual temperature of 10.7 °C and is one of the warmest and sunniest cities in Germany, with an annual insolation of 1935 hours (2005). Winters in Karlsruhe are usually mild.

History

Religion

In 1556 the Lutheran Reformation was introduced in the Margraviate of Baden-Durlach. In 1715 Karl Wilhelm proclaimed religious freedom. He soon attracted the first Catholics and Jews. In 1771 Karl Friedrich of Baden-Durlach inherited the assets of the extinct Baden-Baden line, which had remained Catholic and, like Charles Frederick I of Baden, promoted religious tolerance. Today, the percentage of Catholics (32.7%) and Protestants (30.6%) in the total population is roughly the same.

Karlsruhe is the seat of Baden's religious Jewish community, has a synagogue, a Chabad rabbi and several Jewish cemeteries.

Economy

In 2009 Karlsruhe ranked sixth among cities in Germany in the Initiative Neue Soziale Marktwirtschaft. In Karlsruhe there is a mint, one of five of the German Government, founded in 1827. 40% of the coins in circulation in the Federal Republic of Germany are minted there and are marked with the letter "G". This city, like the rest of Baden-Württemberg, enjoys one of the highest levels of economic wealth in the European Union (EU).

Infrastructures

Public transport

Public transportation consists of eight tram and metro lines. On the outskirts of the city transportation is completed with buses.

Line network

1 Durlach – Oberreut

2 Wolfartsweier – Siemensallee

3 Tivoli - Heide

4 Jägerhaus/Waldstadt – Tivoli

5 Rintheim - Rheinhafen

6 Hirtenweg / Technologiepark – Rappenwört

8 Wolfartsweier – Aue – Durlach

Railway

Karlsruhe is an important rail junction, partly due to the Rhine Valley Railway, which runs from Mannheim to Basel, one of the busiest train lines in Germany. There are direct connections to all major German cities. Since summer 2007, the French TGV high-speed train has been operating from Karlsruhe main station, connecting it to Strasbourg (39 minutes) and Paris (2 hours 52 minutes). This route is known as TGV Est européenne. With the time change in December 2011, the new TGV will connect Karlsruhe with Marseille. In 2008 the main station in Karlsruhe was awarded the "station of the year 2008" award.

Navigation

With the Rhine port of Karlsruhe, the city has the most important river port in Baden-Württemberg. The port was in 2005 the number 6 of the German inland ports by cargo volume, with approximately 6.5 million tons. The Federal Institute for Hydraulic Engineering (BAW) is based in Karlsruhe.

Airport

Karlsruhe-Baden Baden Airport is the second largest commercial airport in terms of passenger numbers in Baden-Württemberg behind Stuttgart. It is located southwest of the city and is one of the bases of the airline Ryanair. Other airlines that operate from here are Tunisair, Intersky, Tuifly, Germania, SunExpress, Air Cairo, Onur Air or Sky Airlines.

Sports

Equipment Sport Competition Stadium Creation
Karlsruher SC Football pictogram.svg Football 2. Bundesliga Wildparkstadion 1894

Education

Night palace
The Pyramid under snow
Centro de Arte y Tecnología Meditica (ZKM).
Karlsruhe Botanical Garden

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) is a university that houses the National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association. It has about 22,500 students and 9,000 employees. The KIT is the largest research center in Germany and the largest employer in Karlsruhe. It enjoys a great reputation in subjects such as physics, economics of information, and mechanical, electrical, civil, industrial, and computer engineering. The physicist Heinrich Hertz discovered the existence of electromagnetic waves during his lecture at Karlsruhe.

Ferdinand Braun, inventor of the cathode ray tube and Nobel Prize Winner in Physics in 1909, was a professor in Karlsruhe between 1883 and 1887. Chemist and Nobel Prize Winner Fritz Haber developed the synthesis of ammonia during his time as a professor at KIT. Ferdinand Redtenbacher founded the basic science of engineering here. The University of Karlsruhe, Germany's first computer science college, was one of the first three universities nationwide awarded in 2006 as part of the Excellence Initiative, the elite university degree.

This university hosts thousands of international students, in fact it is one of the main Erasmus destinations for many students.

Other universities

Research Centers and Institutes

Monuments and places of interest

Grand Ducal Chapel of Karlsruhe.
Concert hall
Museums

Twin cities

Karlsruhe is twinned with the following cities:

Notable people

Miguel Molina (1993). Engineer-climber.