Kangnido Map
| Map Kangnido | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Korean name | |
| Romanized version | Honilgangniyeokdaegukdojido |
| McCune-Reischauer (North Korea) | Honilgangriry Targetktaeguktojido |
| Hangul | 일 fiscal much-wisted expression |
| Chosůn'gŭl (Hangul-Corea of the North) | fiscal crisis transformation transformation transformation transformation triumphant |
| Hanja | أعربية Русский |
| Short name | Gangnido (Kangrido; ▪ |
The Kangnido map (Historical Integrated Map of Countries and Cities) was made in Korea from a 1402 Chinese report by Gim Sa-hyeong (김사형:金士衡), Li Mu (이무:李茂), and Li Hoi (이회).
The map depicts the entirety of the Old World, Europe and Africa in the west, Korea and Japan in the east, with vast China in the center, both predating early European voyages of exploration, and to the famous voyages of the Chinese admiral Zheng He, suggesting in-depth geographical knowledge and explorations of a very early date.
Origins
China began exploring the territories to the west of Zhang Qian's delegation in the year 126. They thus identified several countries, such as K'ang-chü (Sogdiana), Ta-Yuan (in Ferghana), Shih (파사:pa-sa:Parthia) and Daqin (대진:Daejin: Empire Roman). China also became involved in sea voyages, especially after the spread of Islam over the mainland in the 8th century.
According to the explanatory notes on this map, it was made by combining two earlier Chinese maps, one map, 聲教廣被圖 by Li Tse-min (李澤民) created around 1330 and another map, 混 一疆理圖 of Ch'ing Chün (清浚) produced around 1370, both maps are missing. These two maps came to Korea through the Korean ambassador Gim Sa-hyeong (1341-1407), and were combined in 1402 by Li Hoi and Li Mu. i>.
1389 Liaodong Peninsula Conflict in Northwest China
In the same year, Korean military commander Yi Seonggye was preparing to invade the Liaodong Peninsula, an essential part of Manchuria, with his army. This was in turn commanded by the Goryeo dynasty, which ruled at that time, whose king was called U, to attack the Ming dynasty. However, seeing the seriousness that this conflict could entail, Yi Seonggye chose to avoid a war. Furthermore, it should be noted that Yi was pro-Ming and did not agree with the politics of Goryeo, whom he eventually defeated and proclaimed himself king under the name Taejong and founded a new dynasty. The Joseon Dynasty.
9th century: Change of mentality
From this century, the Chinese dynasties that existed at that time increased their criticism of the practice of Buddhism because the mentality leaned more towards the revival of Confucianism that put the importance of the State before spirituality.. For this reason, the transition between dynasties is considered a key moment in history because it transformed culture and society, political, legal, civic and bureaucratic structures, power was concentrated in the hands of the king, bureaucratic power was centralized and exams for civil service were introduced, land was nationalized, a new, fairer tax system was proposed, and attempts to abolish Buddhism were unsuccessful
Foundation of the Ming Dynasty in 1368
The founding of this marked a significant decline for the Mongolia region and a boom for the unification of other great powers, such as Japan, which unified its northern and southern territories, and established a period of peace and peace. extensive trading with the Ming and Joseon dynasties. To unify these situations they created the concept "The mandate of heaven" which explained the rise and fall of dynasties.
The map of the sky
Called "positions of the celestial bodies in their natural order and the celestial fields assigned to them". It was based on Chinese birth charts, and was unusual in that it reproduced the Chinese names for the Greek zodiac signs, which came to China through China's contacts with the Muslim world beginning in the IX. Although it contains numerous inaccuracies (many stars are misaligned), it showed the reality existing in 1390. In 1395 the map was completed by King Kwon Geun's team.
The Kangnido Map
This is the oldest map and constitutes the East Asian world. It is shown with its seas in an olive green color, and blue rivers. Mountain ranges are marked by jagged black lines, while smaller islands are represented as circles. All these features stand out against the rich ocher yellow of the earth. The map is streaked with Chinese characters in black ink that identify key cities, mountains, rivers and administrative centers. Just as the star map placed the Joseon dynasty under a new sky, the Kangnido map placed it under a new representation of Earth. It is oriented north-up, its rectangular dimensions suggest a flat Earth with China at its center. It was developed, above all, based on the peculiar physical geography of the Korean peninsula and its relations with China.
Kwon Geun's Preface
The preface raises two mutually related elements that provide us with a way of understanding the map. The first is the political context of the map's creation, and the second is the influence of Chinese cartography. In the 15th century, Qingjun made a reply showing that it provided both a geographical and historical description of the earlier Chinese dynasties, later adding Korea to the east, and adding the Arabian peninsula, Africa, and Europe to the west. Furthermore, it is obvious that the map tries to position the new Korean kingdom in the changing political world of East Asia in the early fifteenth century.
Content
The map represents in great detail the Chinese Empire, as well as Korea and Japan, although the relative sizes and positions are not exactly preserved. China and Korea are large in size, and Southeast Asia (with its protruding peninsula and lush islands) as well as India are hemmed in for territory.
In the West, the Arabian Peninsula, Africa, and Europe are clearly delineated, though the continents are shown smaller than their actual size. In particular, the Mediterranean is clearly represented, as are the Iberian and Italian peninsulas, and the Adriatic.
There are more than 100 names for European countries alone, including Alumangia for the Latin word Germany.
Knowledge of the current outline of Africa indicates earlier explorations of the area, clearly preceding Vasco da Gama's European explorations. In particular, the southern tip of Africa is clearly represented, as well as a river that may correspond to the Orange River in South Africa. North of the African continent, beyond the central "black" unexplored, a pagoda is representing the Lighthouse of Alexandria, and the Arabic word Misr for Egypt is transcribed into Chinese.
Most Chinese transcriptions of place names in Southwest Asia, Africa, and Europe come from Persianized Arabic originals, indicating that Kangnid may have been based largely on knowledge transmitted from the Middle East.
Translation of the Kangnido map article from the en:Wiki