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Salta is a city in northwestern Argentina, capital of the province of the same name. It is located in the northern sector of Valle de Lerma. Its approximate area is 120 km². It is also the most populated city in the province, the second in the NOA and the seventh in the country. It is located to the east of the Andes mountain range, in the Lerma Valley, at 1,187 meters above sea level, very close to the source of the Mojotoro River and crossed by the Arenales River.

It is an important cultural and tourist hub and is a member of the Mercociudades network, along with 180 other cities in Mercosur member countries.

Identity elements

Toponymy

The name of the city of Salta comes from the name of the indigenous tribe of the Salta, who lived there when the Spanish Hernando de Lerma founded the city that he originally called City of San Felipe and Santiago de Lerma in the Salta valley, Tucumán province.

Shield

City shield.

The coat of arms of the city of Salta is the official coat of arms used by the different areas and dependencies of the municipality of the city of Salta. The Deliberative Council of Salta adopted in 1934 through ordinance No. 239/34 a shield in which the figure of an indigenous man appeared threatening the Spanish conqueror with a bow and arrow, in 1938 municipal ordinance No. 470 withdrew the figure for be considered "discriminatory" towards indigenous peoples.

Heraldry

On the single field appears a Spanish soldier with silver armor, jacket and bloomers gules holding a silver halberd with his right arm and with the left arm the leashes of a dog. A sky blue river and behind it appear two hills and three trees in a row with foliates in sinople. Behind the mountains there are two silver clouds on a sky of celestial azure. He holds the titles of "Very Noble" and "Very Loyal".

History

Francisco Álvarez de Toledo, Virrey del Perú, ordered the foundation of the city of Salta. A bronze sculpture by Mario Vidal Lozano, located in Plazoleta IV Siglos, the work of the architect Mariano Sepúlveda that was carried out in commemoration of the 4th centenary of the City Foundation.

After the first Calchaquí war, in March 1576, the Spanish viceroy of Peru, Francisco Álvarez de Toledo, with the clear objective of once again carrying out his idea that the provinces be connected and annexed in such a way that could safeguard themselves from the uprisings, he wrote to King Felipe II of Spain that he "sent people to make the population of the Calchaquí Valley and Salta, so that that province of Tucumán could unite, unite and trade with that of the city of La Plata ”, called throughout its history as Charcas-La Plata-Chuquisaca-Sucre.

Fulfilling the orders given to him by Viceroy Álvarez de Toledo, the Spanish explorer Hernando de Lerma founded the city of San Felipe and Santiago de Lerma in the Salta Valley on April 16, 1582.

Two other causes convinced the viceroy of the need to found the city of Salta. The first of these was to mitigate the strong resistance that the Chiriguano Indian tribe was putting up against the Spanish advance from the east of the new city. The second cause was to create a population center that would serve as a stopover for communications between the city of Lima, the viceregal capital, and distant Buenos Aires, a city whose second foundation had been carried out by the Spaniards in 1580, on the shores of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, preferential entry key to the interior of the viceroyalty from the Atlantic Ocean.

The name Salta is of indigenous origin but its translation into Spanish has been difficult for linguists and the most dissimilar theories have been proposed about its exact meaning.

During the viceregal era, the population prospered rapidly as it was a supplier of raw materials for opulent Potosí. It was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru until 1776, when the Crown of Spain created the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. In 1783 it was designated capital of the Municipality of Salta del Tucumán.

The city council adhered to the First Government Junta created after the May Revolution, making the city the headquarters of the expeditions to Upper Peru in the fight against the royalist armies. On February 20, 1813, the troops of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, under the command of General Manuel Belgrano, achieved a decisive second victory over the royalists in the Battle of Salta, a warlike event that ensured patriotic control of the north of the current Argentine territory. As a consequence of the triumph, Major General Eustoquio Díaz Vélez, military governor of the Municipality of Salta del Tucumán, immediately placed the Argentine Flag on the balcony of the Cabildo de Salta, thus giving it the characteristic of having been the first city in which the revolutionary authorities officially hoisted the light blue and white flag for the first time.

After the patriot defeat in the battle of Sipe Sipe, the city and its surroundings became a battlefield between the patriot and royalist armies, an episode known as the Gaucho War, where the gauchos commanded by the general Martín Miguel de Güemes successfully defended northern Argentina through a guerrilla war.

After the Argentine War of Independence ended, the city was financially ruined and plunged into a period of decline for much of the century XIX. Only around the 1890s, with the arrival of the railway and the settlement of Spanish, Italian and Arab immigrants (Syrians and Lebanese in particular) did the local economy acquire new vigour.

In recent decades, the development of the tourism sector has been one of the drivers of sustained growth in the city.

Demographics

The estimated population of the city of Salta for the year 2021 is around 630,000 inhabitants and with its metropolitan area it reaches an estimated population of 750,000 inhabitants. It has an area of 60 square km.

According to the 2010 Census, Salta had 535,303 inhabitants (Indec, 2010), 15.85% more than the values of the previous census, while the 2001 Census determined that Salta had 462,051 inhabitants (Indec, 2001), which represented a growth of 25.7% compared to the 367,550 inhabitants (Indec, 1991) of the previous census.

The metropolitan area, called Gran Salta, had 539,187 inhabitants in 2010 (Indec, 2010), making it the 7th largest urbanization in Argentina by population size. In the year 2021, Greater Salta has a population of 750,000 inhabitants.

Architecture

Colonial architecture in Salta

At the beginning of 1580, there were three Spanish cities in the current northwest of Argentina: Santiago de Estero, Tucumán and Nuestra Señora de Talavera. These were located on the plains, far from the hostile inhabitants of those lands. In 1582 the City of Lerma was founded in the Salta Valley, whose objective was the conquest of the inhabitants who rebelled against the crown. Later in 1770, the objective of the city of Salta would become more important, acting as a forced passage to Upper Peru during the Viceroyalty.

The layout of the city was a checkerboard of nine by five blocks. This urban layout was established to protect the city to the north with the Tineo reservoir, current Belgrano Avenue, and to the south with the Sauce River, current San Martín Avenue.

To refer to the architecture of this period, which goes from the early years of the city to 1700, we will focus on the iconic buildings of that time, such as the Cabildo building, from which certain elements are taken stylistic that give the whole unity of colonial architecture in Salta.

The main civil building in the city of Salta is, without a doubt, the Cabildo. It has the special importance of being the Argentine viceregal council that has been maintained and preserved in the best condition.

The general structure of the building is the typical two-story arcade with a tower in the center. Behind the two-story arched front volume open two courtyards surrounded by arched galleries. Its architectural expression is characterized by ceramic tiles, carob wood in corbels and beams.

The style, details and materials used in the Cabildo, were a model for the following constructions, as were the early appearance, century XVII, with many quality homes, a particular feature of Viceroyalty Salta.

Salta La Linda: the Viceroyalty

During the period of the Viceroyalty, between 1778 and 1810, the capital of Salta was a major actor as an obligatory step between the port of Buenos Aires and Upper Peru. It was the military headquarters and supply center for the campaigns.

Being a transit center, the flow of people passing through there was enormous. This is how the city began to be known by the rest of the Argentine provinces and by the neighboring countries that traded with each other.

In these times, the architecture of the city remained intact, with its stylistic coherence and overall unity, with the repetition of volumes, proportions, the use of materials such as tile, wood and brick.

It happened like this due to a regulation of the governor at that time that ruled the preservation of the buildings as they were from their first years, maintaining the facades and the colonial stamp of the city. That regulation, years later, would be taken to the Municipal Building Regulations, rewarding those who complied and sanctioning those who decided to change the appearance of their houses.

From this decree arises the nickname of the city as "La Linda", since having preserved its appearance as a unified city under an architectural style, made it different, more beautiful, than the other provinces of Argentina.

The idea of the neocolonial

Until now, the architectural evolution of this city, up to 1800, has been analyzed, whose features were almost completely preserved until today. We have already discussed that its primary style is colonial, but from the mid-19th and early 20th centuries, a movement or new style emerged, the neocolonial.

As its name indicates, its characteristic features had a lot to do with colonial architecture, which is why it was confused and given that name. But it should be clarified that after studies and observations of works that corresponded to this period, it was concluded that there was no such style, but that it was the appropriation of European styles that were taken as colonial due to the similarity of the use of elements and materials. Says the president of the Commission for the Preservation of Architectural and Urban Heritage, Guillermo Matach:"Salta has many features of colonial architecture, but it is not purely colonial, as many people believe".

Now, we can define what is called neocolonial architecture. The architect Roque Gómez defines it as the set of theories, projects and achievements that materialized in the first decades of the XX century, taking as models, in principle, the works produced during the Spanish domination in America and in Spain itself.

Based on this, it indicates that more than as a style it is necessary to define it as a historicist movement, with ideological support, product of the vision of a certain moment and also of elements dictated by fashion. Faced with this, the necessarily eclectic character of this movement that starts from the attempt to recover Hispanicism is affirmed. Thus, this architecture can be considered as a mere copy of the past.

In the city of Salta, that was exactly what happened and this is how buildings of great size and value were built, such as the Basilica of San Francisco in 1880, already belonging to the Neo-Renaissance movement.

Rationalism

Starting in the XX century, a new architectural movement is introduced in much of America, called rationalism, whose principles The basic ones were: the predilection for simple geometric forms, with orthogonal criteria, use of color and constructive detail instead of superimposed decoration, dynamic conception of architectural space, use of materials such as steel, concrete or glass.

Recognized artists from Salta

Salta Theatre

Currently there are numerous institutions that cultivate: letters, painting, sculpture, dance, music and other artistic expressions.

In the middle of the XX century in Salta there was an interesting literary movement whose most famous exponents were Vicente Solá and the poets: Juan Carlos Dávalos, Manuel J. Castilla, José Ríos and Walter Adet. In the area of music, one can cite: Jaime Dávalos, Eduardo Falú, Gustavo "Cuchi" Leguizamón, Dúo Salteño, Los Chalchaleros, Los Fronterizos, Los Cantores del Alba, Hernán Figueroa Reyes, Dino Saluzzi, Daniel Tinte, Julia Elena Dávalos and Los Nocheros, as some of the exponents of local music. A group of artists and writers give street poetry recitals, organized by the Joaquina Cultural movement, on Avenida San Martín at 1200, a typically bohemian area. The poets Lucio Walter Erazú and Aníbal Aguirre are the main engine of this group, among other authors from Salta. In this area there is also the mythical Balderrama Bowling and the Paseo de los Poetas, a work carried out on the Esteco street canal. On the other hand, in the field of classical music, the figure of piano teacher Alberto Prevot, who trained generations of pianists in the city, stood out for decades.

The Salta Symphony Orchestra is another cultural expression of the city. The Centro Cultural América and the Museo de Arte Contemporáneo (MAC), both facing the main square of the city, offer a varied calendar of exhibitions by plastic artists and other events throughout the year.

There are numerous theater and puppet groups in the City of Salta, some of which are listed below: Leomar Puppet Theater, Stress, Alas Community Theater, La Sardinera del Norte, Sensaciones, Manicomedia, Peso Neto Teatro, El Cofre, La Band of the Notable Cuchufletos, El Ucumar, La Patota Theatrical, Las Tablas, El Eje Teatro, Espacio Inverso, Arpi, Majarete, Bajofondo, Identikit, Espacio, La Suripanta, El GIT, NN Disappeared, El Umbral, El Altillo, La Faranda, Gabriel Castilla's Puppets, Guiñol and Boca Puppets, The Magic Shop, La Luna Mimosa, About to be a fish.

There are three defined generations in this artistic field, the first made up of actors such as: Rafael Monti, Mari Gerbino, Ana María Parodi, Eduardo Siuffi, José Antonio Lázzari, Elsa Mamaní, Cecilia Sutti, Alma Canobio, Nena Córdoba among many others; the second made up of Antonio Muñoz, Danny Veleizan, Claudia Mendia, Cristina Idiarte, Carol Betrán, Pablo Aguierre, Pablo Dragone, Luciana Rajal, Graciela Cruz, Cristian Villareal among many others; and finally that of young people, made up of: Pía Carballo, Marité Cervera, Rocío Paredes, Manuela de la Cruz, Nicolás Obregón, Bernabé Bustos, Mariano Madrazo, Esteban Trejo, Carolina Córdoba among many others.

Museum of Contemporary Art (MAC)

In the field of cinematographic art, the new crop of young directors should be highlighted, among them Lucrecia Martel, director of "La ciénaga" (2001) and "The holy girl" (2003) and "Zama" (2017), among others, and Rodrigo Moscoso, director of "Leo 16" (1997) and "Model 73" (2001).

It also has independent art spaces, such as Fedro, Art Gallery, coordinated by the plastic artists María Laura Bucciantti and Roly Arias; Mamoré, Art Gallery, directed by Juan Blanco. La Ventolera is a space where theater shows, puppet shows, exhibitions, live music and workshops are carried out, carried out by Andrea García, Marianela Torino, Carmen Ruíz de los Llanos, Daniela Ulm, Ana Azurmendi, Juan de la Cruz, Cecilia Toconás and Silvia Martínez. La Guarda, meanwhile, is dedicated to the visual arts, led by Ana María Benedetti and Roxana Ramos.

Since the beginning of the XXI century, there has been a renewal of the plastic arts in the City of Salta and several plastic artists such as Roly Arias, María Laura Buccianti, Alfredo Muñoz, "Yayo" Pellegrini, Soledad Dahbar, Ana María Benedetti, Julien Guinet among others.

Every year, on the occasion of the anniversary of the founding of the city, the Salteño Cultural April is organized, with art exhibitions, concerts, literary evenings and other top-level events.

Universities

In the city of Salta there are two university education centers: the National University of Salta and the Catholic University of Salta.

Convention centers

Salta has 2 convention centers: The Grand Bourg Civic Center Convention Center and the Salta Convention Center, which has a main hall that can be subdivided into smaller rooms thanks to dividing plates specially designed for this purpose; It also has another 6 multipurpose rooms and a 200-hectare fairground.

Religions

Procession of Miracle in the province of Salta; it gathers more than 850 000 people annually.

Catholicism and religious freedom

As is the case throughout the Argentine Republic, by art. 2 of the Constitution of the Argentine Nation, the state recognizes a preeminent character to the Catholic Church that has a differentiated legal status with respect to the rest of the churches and confessions and, in turn, by art. 14, the freedom of worship of all inhabitants is guaranteed.

Main manifestations

Based on the survey provided by CONICET regarding the religious situation according to the different Argentine regions in 2008, Salta stands out because it is part of the Argentine Northwest because it is the region where the Catholic religion is most professed in Argentina with 92% favorable and the least atheist with 2%.

Much further back, in second place is evangelism with almost 4%, a region where it has less weight.

Most of the capital's Salteños declare themselves to be Catholics. The Archbishop of Salta is currently Monsignor Mario Antonio Cargnello, head of the Archdiocese of Salta.

Among the most important religious dates in Salta, in addition to the national ones, are the festivities of its patrons El Señor and the Virgen del Milagro, a festivity that is celebrated on September 13 and 15.

Being an important urban agglomeration in the country, it also has the presence of other religious communities such as the evangelical churches, the Orthodox, and the Jewish and Islamic communities, among others.

The Jewish community has its own kehilah, the Salta Israelite Alliance Association, as well as its synagogue, Hebrew school and Jewish cemetery.

Tourism

Hotel Alejandro I is the highest building in the city.

The historical and monumental heritage and the various scenic and cultural spaces make Salta a city that receives national and international tourism.

The Martín Miguel de Güemes International Airport is the main arrival point for foreign and national tourists to the province. His second, through the Bus Terminal of the City of Salta.

The accommodation is mainly in the provincial capital from where different tours (which take place during the day) can be easily purchased to any point in the province, including the Quebrada de Humahuaca or Purmamarca (Jujuy Province) and the City of San Salvador de Jujuy (provincial capital).

Among the lodgings in the capital of Salta, the Sheraton Salta Hotel, the Hotel Alejandro I (the tallest building in the city, at 70 m) and the classic Hotel Salta, promoted by the Ministry of Tourism of the Salta, stand out for their category. Nation and inaugurated in 1941 to promote tourism in the region.

Central street

The Information Office of the Ministry of Tourism of the Province is located at Calle Buenos Aires No. 93 (90 m from the central square); at the airport and bus terminal.

The best way to explore the beautiful landscapes of Salta is by car. If it is not your own car, you can rent one, there are several companies in this province that offer this type of service.

Tourist sites

Teleférico ascending to Mount San Bernardo, with a panoramic view of the city of Salta.

(distances are based on the central square: 9 de Julio square)

Basilica Cathedral of Salta (Sanctuary of the Lord and Virgin of the Miracle).

The Building of the Americas Cultural Center stands out in front of Plaza 9 de Julio for its French style.

• High Mountain Archaeology Museum -MAAM-: front of central square; contains the Momias de Llullaillaco, three frozen children 500 years ago in perfect condition that were left as an incaic offering at the top of the Llullaillaco Volcano (6,739 msnm).
• Cerro San Bernardo: panoramic point, which is accessed to its top by Teleférico, asphalt route or steps. You can also visit at night to see the illuminated city.
• Basilica Cathedral of Salta and Cathedral Museum: National Historical Monument, opposite the central square.
• Cabildo (New Historical Museum of the North): National Historical Monument, opposite the central square.
• Monument to the Battle of Salta: National Historical Monument.
• Monument to Güemes: Paseo Güemes, at the foot of Cerro San Bernardo; start of steps for the climb to the hill, National Historical Monument.
• Museum of Anthropology Dr. Juan Leguizamón: behind the monument to Güemes.
• San Francisco Basilica: National Historical Monument.
• Convent San Bernardo.
• Area "La Balcarce" (800 m): at night it works as a zone of peñas, restaurants, boliches and pubs. Saturdays, Sundays and holidays in the morning as an exhibition area of handicrafts.
• Cerro de la Virgen in Tres Cerritos neighborhood: the faithful gather to pray on Saturdays at noon (it rises only in the morning). Other days at any time.
• Museum of Fine Arts: it is a French-style house that has a permanent collection formed by the contribution of local and foreign artists. Temporary and permanent exhibitions: local, national and international artistic production.
• Craft market.
• Museum of Contemporary Art.
• Provincial Museum of Fine Arts.
• Shopping centers: Alto Noa shopping, at the foot of Cerro San Bernardo; Portal Salta shopping, close to Parque 20 de Febrero (Batalla de Salta); Paseo Salta shopping.
• Salta and Ballet Symphony Orchestra: entries in Casa de la Cultura, Caseros 460.
• Güemes Museum: tells the story of the Saltaian hero.
• Train to the clouds.

Events of tourist interest

• Feast of miracle
• Pilgrimage to the Lord of Sumalao, in La Merced
• National Chicha Festival in La Caldera
• National Festival of Tamal, Chicoana
• National Festival of Torrontés Wine, Cafayate
• Serenata to Cafayate, in the city of that name
• I pass to the immortality of General Martín Miguel de Güemes: homage to the hero gaucho with: horseback riding, guards, parades, guitar and serene.

For other events with Salta customs and traditions, consult the calendar of activities of the Ministry of Tourism of the Province through its official website.

Government

The municipal Executive Power is exercised by the Municipality of the City of Salta, whose head is the mayor of the capital, who is elected by majority vote. For its part, the Deliberative Council is in charge of the Legislative Power. It is made up of 21 councilors who are renewed by vote every two years.

Transportation

Automotive

Salta is linked to the rest of the country by national routes 9 and 34, in the direction of the Pampas and Buenos Aires provinces, 16, in the direction of Chaco, and 51, which goes to the Andes mountain range and connects, in Chilean territory, with route 23, in the direction of Antofagasta, on the Pacific coast.

About 20 companies operate in the Bus Terminal of the city of Salta, with daily or weekly services that connect Salta with almost all the provinces of Argentina except Tierra del Fuego, as well as with cities in: Bolivia, Paraguay, southern Brazil and northern Chile. The building began to be built in 1999, it was paralyzed for a couple of years and its first stage was inaugurated in 2005. In January 2012 the Terminal suffered the collapse of the platform through which the buses enter, with several injuries as a result. Due to the tragedy, it was discovered that the columns of the work had been supported on an old drainage channel. In February 2013, the reconstruction of the station was inaugurated, which changed its concessionaire.

Railway

Salta is the terminus of the General Belgrano Railroad, which reaches from Buenos Aires to the south via Branch C in Tucumán and to the east extends to the port of Barranqueras, in Resistencia via Branch C and then Branch C12. To the north, the railway connects with the Branch C18 to La Paz (Bolivia) and to the west, it links with the Branch C14 to Antofagasta, Chile, on the Pacific coast.

Most of these lines stopped providing passenger rail services after the rail privatization in Argentina in 1991, carried out by Carlos Menem, but freight trains continued to be active for a few more years, only the line to Buenos Aires remaining active. Aires and the Branch C14 with few freight trains through the Socompa Pass (Salta) and for tourist purposes to the Polvorilla Viaduct with the famous Train to the Clouds. In December 2007, the line to Barranqueras was reactivated with one or two trains per week, when in the 80's the line began. there were more than 40 and the provincial government is making intensive efforts to reactivate the line to Buenos Aires with passenger trains, which is quite deteriorated.

Since July 2012 there is a frequent service from the Salta Central Station to the Gral. Martín Miguel de Guemes Station, using two rail pairs "Apolo" acquired from Spain by the Argentine government with 4 daily frequencies, two ascending and another two descending. In June 2015, the construction of two triples to increase said service, commissioned from the Materfer railway company in Cordoba, was announced.

Aerial

Salta International Airport is the busiest airport in Northwest Argentina and the fourth in the interior of the country after Córdoba, Mendoza and Bariloche. It has regular services to and from Buenos Aires (Aeroparque, Ezeiza, El Palomar (EPA)), Córdoba, Rosario, Jujuy, Mendoza, Bariloche and Iguazú. It has regular international frequencies to Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Bolivia), Panama, Lima (Peru) and Asunción del Paraguay. This range of offers is increased through international charter flights in seasons of high demand to: Floreanópolis, Maceio, Brazil, Puerto Seguro, San Salvador de Bahía, Iquique and Punta del Este. The Salta airport is currently in 24 hour operation. During 2019, the low-cost airline Flybondi adds to its daily frequency El Palomar, regular low-cost frequencies to and from Córdoba and Rosario (Santa Fe). In that same year, the brand new Norwegian Argentina announces a low-cost daily frequency to Aeroparque, a service it provides with its fourth Boeing 737-800.

Urban

The urban and interurban transportation system in the city and its metropolitan area is under concession to the provincial company SAETA. Its units have GPS tracking and modern equipment. In addition, Salta has a great taxi service and a large number of remises.

The fleet of more than 600 buses, despite being one of the most modern in Argentina, circulates in parts of its routes in narrow streets. The units of the city's public transport system circulate mainly from the east to the west along San Martín avenue, from the east and west along Entre Ríos avenue, from the north and south by Bicentenario de la Batalla de Salta, Hipólito Yrigoyen and Monseñor Tavella avenues and from the south to the north by Sarmiento avenues, Jujuy and Paraguay.

Traffic in the city can be complicated due to the enormous flow of private cars, the presence of numerous taxis and remises, and the poor condition of some arteries, causing slow traffic during peak hours.

Neighborhoods

View of a sector of the city from the cable car of Cerro San Bernardo.

The city is divided into numerous neighborhoods:

Centre

It is the historical, financial and commercial center of the city. Place where the city originated in the year 1582, it is also there where the oldest buildings are located such as: the Cabildo, the Cathedral, the Minor Basilica of San Francisco, the Convent of San Bernardo (Salta), among many others. Its almost perfect checkerboard shape is altered only by the winding Avenida Belgrano, drawn in this way because the course of a river once ran through it. Alberdi, Florida and Caseros pedestrian streets are essentially commercial. Balcarce street, located between the Central Railway Station and Entre Ríos Avenue, is currently the center of nightlife. Also in this area of the city is the stadium of the Gymnastics and Shooting Club.

North

Tres Cerritos, located to the northeast, named after three natural mounds of earth, of which only one remains in Chachapoyas; General Belgrano Park; The Huaico; University, located around the National University of Salta; Castañares and City of Miracle.

South

Hernando de Lerma neighborhood, famous for its soccer club, Juventud Antoniana. Barrio San Antonio, known for its homonymous soccer club; Villa Cristina, famous for its carnival troupes and murgas; Municipal neighborhood, visited by its former slaughterhouse, current municipal cultural center; Villa las Rosas, known for its annual celebration of the live nativity scene; Casino neighborhood, where the Municipal Spa is located; the set of neighborhoods Miguel Ernesto Aráoz, El Tribuno, Intersindical, Limache, Santa Ana, emerged to the south of the Arenales River, modern and well developed; San Carlos, a recently created banking neighborhood where the land of a borax factory was formerly located, Juan Pablo 2, etc.

East

El Portezuelo, with its spectacular tree-lined entrance to the city, after ascending a natural ramp; there also begins the path up to Cerro San Bernardo. Here is also located the mythical Monument to Güemes, the Cross of the Eucharistic Congress and the Club 20 de Febrero.

West

Plaza Alvarado, San Cayetano, Grand Bourg, La Almudena and El Tipal Country Club. The Government of the Province has been operating in Grand Bourg since 1987, which moved its offices to the place to decongest the center of Salta.

Media

Salta has a wide variety of provincial magazines and newspapers from different fields, and different programs and television channels.

Written press

In the city of Salta, the morning newspaper El Tribuno is published daily. Also Nuevo Diario, an independent morning paper and Diario Punto Uno. There are several monthly magazines, such as Jaque, Revista Tradición, Revista Raíces (of the 20 de Febrero Club) and ABC magazine, as well as a considerable number of online news sites such as: El Intransigente, LaHoradeSalta.com.ar, Primero Salta and Salta al Día.

Television

The open television channels are Canal 3 "El aire de Salta", Canal 7 and Canal 9. Cablexpress and Salta Cable Color provide cable television services. There are analog television channels that broadcast from the Federal Capital are LW 82 TV Channel 11 (Telefe Salta) which belongs to ViacomCBS and is affiliated with most of the programming of its signal LS 84 TV Channel 11 (Telefe).

• Canal 2 (Salta)
• Channel 3 (Salta)
• Channel 4 (Cable Express)
• Channel 6 (Salta)
• Channel 7 (Salta)
• Canal 8 (Salta)
• Channel 9 (Federal Multivision)
• Canal 10 (Salta)
• Channel 11 (Telefe Salta)
• Canal 14 (Salta)
• Televida
• Canal 16 (Salta)
• Canal 17 (Milenium)
• Canal 18 (Salta)
• Canal 20 (Salta)
• Canal 31 (Salta)
• Salta TV
• We are Salta (Cablevision)

AM/FM Radios

• Radio Continental Salta (FM 103.5 MHz)
• Radio Rivadavia Salta (FM 90.5 MHz)
• Radio AM 750 Salta (FM 92.7 MHz)
• Radio Mitre Salta (FM 93.3 MHz)
• Chain 3 Jump/Activa FM (FM 104.1 MHz)
• Maximum Chain (FM 106.7 MHz)
• Cacharpaya (FM 107.1 MHz)
• Radio La Red Salta (FM 98.3 MHz)
• Pop Radio Salta (FM 106.9 MHz)
• CNN Radio Salta (FM 94.7 MHz)
• Radio 10 Salta (FM 101.5 MHz)
• Del Plata Salta (FM 89.7 MHz)
• Cumbiambera (FM 88.9 MHz)
• Radio Salta (AM 840 kHz)
• Popular FM (FM 107.1 MHz)
• Latin America (FM 92.5 MHz)
• Heaven (FM 92.1 MHz)
• Aries (FM 91.1 MHz)
• Radio Nacional Salta (AM 690 kHz)
• The 40 Salta (FM 98.1 MHz)
• Red Aleluya Salta/Level Rock (FM 100.5 MHz)
• Radio Vos (FM 90.1 MHz)
• Omega (FM 97.1 MHz)
• Global Chain (FM 100.3 MHz)
• Urbana (FM 89.1 MHz)
• Frequency (FM 94.1 MHz)
• New (FM 100.1 MHz)
• Natura (FM 99.3 MHz)
• North (FM 97.5 MHz)
• SLT (FM 106.1 MHz)
• New Era (FM 102.1 MHz)
• North Head (FM 88.3 MHz)
• Altantida (FM 93.5 MHz)
• New Journal (FM 91.3 MHz)
• Ucasal (FM 99.1 MHz)
• Voices (FM 99.7 MHz)
• Professional (FM 89.9 MHz)
• Impact (FM 98.5 MHz)
• Inclusion/One (FM 103.7 MHz)
• Sophia (FM 99.5 MHz)
• 99 (FM 99.9 MHz)
• Station (FM 107.9 MHz)

Climate

The Lerma Valley, where the city is located, enjoys a temperate climate with dry winters and mild summers (Cwb in Köppen climate classification), with great rainfall between December and February (annual average of 754.7 mm). Despite the creation of massive reservoirs in the region where a significant increase in air humidity has been noted, there is not the slightest hint of an increase in temperatures; On the contrary, the maximum temperatures in the region date from the 1900s to the 1940s^{[citation required]}. Between July 16 and 18, 2010, the greatest snowfall in the history of Salta since 1582 took place, with minimum temperatures of up to -7 °C and maximum temperatures that did not exceed 0 °C.

Average climatic parameters of Salta Airport (1961–1990)
Month	Ene.	Feb.	Mar.	Open up.	May.	Jun.	Jul.	Ago.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Annual
Temp. max. abs. (°C)	35.6	33.5	34.0	32.5	34.2	32.5	37.2	34.4	36.8	38.8	39.9	38.1	39.9
Average temperature (°C)	27.4	26.1	24.8	22.6	21.0	19.1	20.2	22.3	23.5	26.4	27.4	27.8	24.0
Average temperature (°C)	21.2	20.1	18.9	16.2	13.3	10.1	10.1	12.3	15.0	18.7	20.3	21.2	16.5
Temp. medium (°C)	16.1	15.6	14.7	11.6	7.7	3.8	2.9	4.5	7.4	11.3	13.9	15.5	10.4
Temp. min. abs. (°C)	6.1	4.8	2.2	-1.5	-4.6	-7.5	-8.7	-9.4	-4.5	-1.3	1.5	6.2	-9.4
Total precipitation (mm)	182.0	162.9	118.3	36.6	8.6	2.6	3.5	4.2	6.6	26.1	65.3	138.0	754.7
Precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	16	15	14	8	4	2	2	2	3	6	10	14	96
Hours of sun	164.3	134.4	105.4	117.0	136.4	120.0	173.6	195.3	162.0	182.9	171.0	164.3	1826.6
Relative humidity (%)	78	82	84	84	81	76	70	63	60	61	67	73	73
Source No. 1: NOAA
Source No. 2: National Meteorological Service (days of precipitation)

Sports

In Salta, as in the rest of the country, soccer is the most popular sport. The most important clubs are Gimnasia, Juventud and Central. The entity that governs this sport in the city is the Liga Salteña and currently has 20 affiliated teams.

The Salta Rugby Union team is one of the strongest in the country and among its most representative teams are Universitario and Jockey Club.

The Salta Basket team was founded in 2014, in 2017 it participated in the National League and in 2018 it was relegated. Currently dispute the second national division.

Another sport with a large number of followers is hockey, Valentina Raposo is a leading figure in it.

In motorcycling, the presence of Kevin Benavides, the first Latin American champion of the Dakar Rally after winning the Saudi Arabia 2021 edition, stands out.

Stadiums and amphitheatres

Salta has 5 stadiums and 1 open-air amphitheater:

The Padre Ernesto Martearena Stadium was built to be one of the venues for the 2001 Youth Soccer World Cup. It has a capacity for 20,408 people and is one of the venues for the summer tournaments. In 2011, it was also designated as one of the venues for the Copa América.

The El Gigante del Norte stadium, belonging to the Gymnastics and Shooting Club, has a capacity of 23,500 people. The Tribunas de la Bandeja and ex Virrey Toledo were reopened on April 20, 1994 and was attended by the Argentine soccer team that was in the preparation stage for the 1994 Soccer World Cup, in a historic match against Morocco soccer team.

The Delmi Stadium, also known as the Ciudad de Salta Sports Center, is a closed stadium administered by the provincial government, inaugurated in 1986. With a capacity for 10,000 seated people, it is located at Av. Ibazeta esq. O'Higgins. Beside it, it also has a closed Microstadium, with capacity for 5000 people.

The Eduardo Falú Amphitheater, located in Plaza España, is an open-air amphitheater with capacity for more than 8,000 people. It has 2 internal basketball courts, transmission booths for: journalists, changing rooms, restrooms and a food court.

The Fray Honorato Pistoia Stadium, belonging to the Antoniana Youth Center. It has a capacity of 8,000 people and was inaugurated in 1930. It is currently disabled by AFA.

The Doctor Luis Güemes Stadium, belonging to Club Atlético Central Norte, has a capacity for 6,000 people, but it is not enabled by AFA due to lack of lighting, lack of security and poor infrastructure. It was inaugurated in 1959.

Urban fabric of the city

The fabric of the city originates from the original hypothetical layout, where the central square, the main church and the Cabildo building were located, still standing, after numerous interventions over the centuries. From the center the city grew in two fundamental ways. To the North, connecting to the road that led to Alto Perú, by the current Zuviría street. To the south, a connection route with the Lerma Valley and the Calchaquíes Valleys, through the current Miter street.

The growth of the pattern respected the checkerboard until the end of the XIX century, when broken patterns began to appear, due to the topographical conditions of the city. Another factor that will affect the fabric of the city will be at the same time the appearance of the railway line, which crosses the macrocenter diagonally.

Late into the XX century, neighborhoods with organic patterns appear, inspired by the models of English and American garden cities, on the slopes of the hills, such as the Tres Cerritos neighborhood. Around the 1960s and 1970s, housing complexes made their debut in the city thanks to rationalist urban planning mandates, and were generally located on the outskirts of the city's macro-centre. An excellent example of this is the Barrio Casino, to the south of the city.

Deployment of the Armed Forces

This section is an excerpt from Annex:Despliegue de las Fuerzas Armadas argentinas § Salta.[chuckles]edit]

Argentine Army

Units of the Guar Ej Salta	Abbreviation
Command of the V Mountain Brigade “General Manuel Belgrano”	Cdo Br M V
Mountain Exploration Cavalry Regiment 5 «General Güemes»	RC Expl M 5
Artillery Group 15 «Coronel Francisco Bolognesi»	GA 15
Battalion of Mountain Engineers 5 "General of Division Enrique Mosconi"	B Ing 5
Mountain Communications Company 5 « Lieutenant Colonel Gerónimo de Helguera»	Ca Com M 5
Mountain Army Aviation Section 5	Sec Av Ej M 5
Intelligence Company 5 "Mayor Humberto Viola"	Ca Icia 5
Logistic support base "Salta"	BAL Salta
Hospital Militar Salta «Cirujano Mayor Dr. Joaquín Díaz Bedoya»	HM Salta
"Salta" Reserve Company	Ca Res Salta

Civil defense

Seismicity

The seismicity of the Salta area is frequent and of low intensity, and a seismic silence of medium to severe earthquakes every 40 years.

• Sismo de 1930: Although such catastrophic geological activity occurs since prehistoric times, the earthquake of December 24, 1930 (92 years), noted an important milestone in the history of Jewish seismic events, with 6,4 Richter. But nothing changed extreme care and/or restricting building codes.
• Sismo de 1948: on 25 August 1948 (74 years) with 7.0 Richter, which destroyed buildings and opened numerous cracks in immense areas.
• 2010 earthquake: February 27, 2010 (12 years) with 6,1 Richter.

Sister cities

• Iquique, Chile
• Calama, Chile
• San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
• Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
• Tarija, Bolivia
• Albox, Spain

Gallery

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  Monument to Güemes

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  Mitre Street 100

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  Dawn in the city seen from the monument to Güemes.

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  City view from the top of Cerro San Bernardo

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  The Balcarce. Peñas area, pubs, restaurants and nightlife spots.

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  Peatonal Alberdi

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  Rinse in 3 inca children; frozen from 1500 in perfect condition, as an Inca offering at the top of the Llullaillaco Volcano (6,739 msnm)

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  Virgen del Cerro in Barrio Tres Cerritos