July 24

July 26 is the 205th (two hundred and fifth) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar and the 206th in leap years. There are 160 days left to end the year.

Events

• 1064: in the Taifa of Badajoz, Fernando I de León sitia and occupies the Muslim city of Coímbra (now Portugal).
• 1148: Louis VII of France runs the Damascus siege during the Second Crusade.
• 1149: In Jerusalem, Conrado III and his troops are overcome by the forces of Zengi.
• 1177: The peace signed in Venice frees Federico I Barbarosja from the excommunication and puts an end to the ecclesiastical Cysma.
• 1557: In France the edict of Compiègne is proclaimed, for which the sacramentalists or relapses are condemned to the death penalty.
• 1701: In the United States the French founded Fort Ponchartrain (present-day Detroit).
• 1823: the naval battle of Lake Maracaibo takes place, in which Admiral José Prudencio Padilla defeated the Spanish Navy, thus sealing the independence of Venezuela.
• 1823: Chile declares the abolition of slavery. It becomes the second country in America (after Argentina) that liberates the slaves.
• 1871: in Spain, Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla is elected president.
• 1895: a new expedition of Cuban soldiers landed on the southern coast of Sancti Spíritus and spread the uprising.
• 1895: Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud performs the first "complete" interpretation of one of his dreams: "the dream of injection to Irma".
• 1896: In Buenos Aires, Argentina, the Pirovano Hospital is opened.
• 1908: the sultan of Turkey re-establishes the Constitution of 1876, which represents a triumph of the reformist party Young Turkey.
• 1911: In Peru, American explorer Hiram Bingham "rediscover" Machu Picchu.
• 1912: Mongolia becomes Russian protectorate.
• 1917: Mata Hari appears before a military court and receives a death sentence for espionage.
• 1918: In Spain, the western massif of the Picos de Europa is declared a national park of the Covadonga Mountain (later the Picos de Europa National Park).
• 1923: the Treaty of Lausanne was signed between the Trile Entente of the First World War and Turkey, by which the Treaty of Sèvres was revised and the entire territory of Tracio was returned to the east of the Maritsa River and its territories in Asia Minor.
• 1924: the International Federation of Chess (FIDE) was founded in Paris, under the slogan "Gens una sumus" ("We are a family").
• 1928: China adopts the metric decimal system.
• 1928: General Augusto Cesar Sandino's movement against U.S. intervention in Nicaragua officially ends, although the guerrilla struggle does not end.
• 1928: In the North Pole, a Swiss plane rescues General Nobile.
• 1929: In Paris Prime Minister Raymond Poincaré resigns for health reasons and replaces him with Aristide Briand.
• 1930: in the area of Treviso-Údine (Italy), a violent F5 tornado devastated 80 km. 23 people die.
• 1933: in Spain the sentence against the defendants for the coup attempt of August 10, 1932, known as "the Sanjurjada", with sentences ranging from 22 years of imprisonment to 3 years of imprisonment. There were many absolutions.
• 1936: In the context of the Spanish civil war, the Durruti Column departs from Barcelona, formed by some 2500 militiamen, and is headed towards Zaragoza, with the objective of the recovery of the city.
• 1936: The National Defence Board provides that Franco assumes the command of the Moroccan and Southern Spanish Army, and Emilio Mola, the Army of the North.
• 1936: Onésimo Redondo, head of the Castilian Falange, perishes in the front of Labajos (Segovia).
• 1943: The Great Italian Fascist Council approves the withdrawal of Benito Mussolini and asks that power return to the Crown.
• 1943: The Allies of World War II launch a six-day air bombing campaign against Hamburg.
• 1946: The Peace Conference is opened in Paris, where drafts of treaties with Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Finland will be discussed.
• 1956: Ernst Brandl and Hans Margreiter obtain the patent for oral penicillin.
• 1958: the president of Argentina, Arturo Frondizi, declares the "battle of oil".
• 1959: in Spain Gregorio López-Bravo is appointed as new general director of foreign trade.
• 1961: in the Pijirigua neighborhood of the city of Artemisa (Cuba), a group of Cuban anti-Castros led by Tití (Israel García Díaz) and Machete (Francisco Robaina Domínguez), machine-guns a group of Castros.
• 1964: in Spain, the Francoist dictatorship agreed to the return of gold deposits made up of individuals in 1937.
• 1969: Neil Armstrong, Edwin E. Aldrin and Michael Collins return to Earth on Apollo 11, after making the third trip to Moon and performing the first trip to the history.
• 1973: In Spain the assembly of Adolfo Marsillach on the work of Antonio Gala Good luck, champ..
• 1973: in Libya a Japanese line plane of the Japan Airlines, of the Boeing 747 Jumbo Jet type, explodes in pieces after the liberation of the passengers.
• 1974: In the Watergate Scandal, the U.S. Supreme Court orders President Richard Nixon to hand over the tapes with recordings of his conversations in his possession and refused to hand over the case investigator.
• 1974: In Greece, Konstantinos Karamanlis assumes the position of prime minister, after the abandonment of General Phaedon Gizikis, head of the Government of the colonels.
• 1976: In the Italian town of Seveso (near Milan) there is a cloud of lethal gas loaded with dioxins, coming from the chemical complex of ICMESA. The 15,000 inhabitants of the town had to be evacuated with severe skin lesions.
• 1977: In Madrid the masterpiece of Serguéi Eisenstein is re-started, after 40 years of prohibition, The Potemkin Warehouse.
• 1977: the writer Mario Vargas Llosa entered the Peruvian Academy of Language.
• 1978: Jeroni Alberti is confirmed as president of the General Intersular Council of the Balearic Islands.
• 1979: The Spanish Congress approves the establishment of the Constitutional Court.
• 1980: the Organic Law on Religious Freedom enters into force in Spain.
• 1980: The Almeria Diputation creates the Institute of Almerien Studies (IEA) for research.
• 1983: Iran announces the beginning of a new offensive against Iraq, in a war that has already claimed half a million dead.
• 1984: a vast Iranian terrorist operation is aborted in Madrid and Barcelona.
• 1987: The Universal Congress of Esperantists commemorates in Warsaw the first centenary of this language, created by Polish doctor Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof.
• 1988: Spanish Pedro Delgado wins the Tour de France.
• 1990: Iraq sends 30 000 troops to its border with Kuwait, while the U.S. decrees the alert of its fleet in the Persian Gulf.
• 1994: Spanish Miguel Induráin wins the Tour de France for the fourth consecutive time.
• 1997: at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh (Scotland) several scientists achieve the birth of a second chronic sheep that will produce a human protein in their milk.
• 1999: The American cartoon series, Sponge Bob, by Nickelodeon, is officially released for the first time.
• 1999: debut of the Serena and Venus Williams sisters at the Fed Cup tennis.
• 2001: an activist of the terrorist group ETA dies in Alicante when the explosive device that he manipulated in an apartment in the coastal town of Torrevieja explodes.
• 2002: In Nepal, monsoons cause a hundred deaths in the last four days.
• 2003: Iraqi resistance kills three U.S. soldiers in response to the murder of Saddam Hussein's children.
• 2003: American swimmer Michael Phelps pulverizes the world's 200-m-style plusmark (1m 57.52s), while Japanese Kosure Kitajima sets a new world record on the 200-arme (2m 9:42s) in the Barcelona Swimming World Championships.
• 2004: Rodrigo Orias Gallardo, a 25-year-old Chilean youth, beat Faustino Gazziero on the altar of the Cathedral of Santiago de Chile.
• 2005: In La Coruña an exhibition is opened with the cartographic funds of the Hispanic Society of America.
• 2011: Analog television service was completed in 44 of Japan's 47 prefectures. In the prefectures of Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima, the analogue television service was completed on 31 March 2012 because there was an earthquake and a tsunami in Tohoku.
• 2013: In Angrois, a neighborhood on the outskirts of Santiago de Compostela, Spain, there is the accident of the Alvia train, which traveled with 218 passengers, as it derails at the height of the curve called A Grandeira, leaving 78 dead and 131 wounded.

Births

Simón Bolívar

Alejandro Dumas

• 1462: Giovanni Manardo, doctor, botanist and humanist Italian (f. 1536).
• 1561: María del Palatinado, aristocrat german (f. 1589).
• 1621: Jan Andrzej Morsztyn, Polish poet and writer (f. 1693).
• 1720: Luisa Ulrica de Prussia, queen consorte de Sweden (f. 1782).
• 1725: John Newton, British composer (f. 1807).
• 1737: Alexander Dalrymple, Scottish geographer and botanist (f. 1808).
• 1757: Vladimir Borovikovski, Ukrainian painter (f. 1825).
• 1759: Victor Manuel I, king of Sardinia (f. 1824).
• 1783: Simon Bolivar, a military, statesman and a Venezuelan politician, a liberator of South America (f. 1830).
• 1783: Frédéric de Lafresnaye, ornithologist and French collector (f. 1861).
• 1802: Alexander Dumas, father, novelist and French playwright (f. 1870).
• 1803: Adolphe Adam, French composer (f. 1856).
• 1809: Santiago Vidaurri, Mexican military and political (f. 1867).
• 1826: Francisco Solano López, military hero and Paraguayan president; assassinated (f. 1870).
• 1831: Juan Antonio Mateos, playwright, novelist, poet, journalist and Mexican politician (f. 1913).
• 1832: Antonio García Cubas, Mexican historian and geographer (f. 1912).
• 1836: Ivan Bloch, Polish banker (f. 1902).
• 1847: Margarete Steiff, German toy designer (f. 1909).
• 1848: Francisco Pradilla, a Spanish painter (f. 1921).
• 1857: Henrik Pontoppidan, Danish writer, Nobel Prize of Literature in 1917 (f. 1943).
• 1857: Juan Vicente Gómez, militar, politician and Venezuelan president (f. 1935).
• 1860: Alfons Mucha, Czech painter (f. 1939).
• 1860: Charlete of Prussia, German aristocrat (f. 1919).
• 1864: Frank Wedekind, German playwright (f. 1918).
• 1867: Consuelo Álvarez Pool, Violeta, telegrapher, journalist, writer, Spanish translator (f. 1959).
• 1867: Edward Frederic Benson, British writer (f. 1940).
• 1867: Vicente Acosta, Salvadoran poet, teacher and politician (f. 1908).
• 1869: Julius Dorpmüller, German engineer, general administrator of the Deutsche Reichsbahn (f. 1945).
• 1870: Alphonsus de Guimaraens, Brazilian poet (f. 1921).
• 1878: Edward John Moreton Drax Plunkett, Irish writer (f. 1957).
• 1880: Ernest Bloch, Swiss composer (f. 1959).
• 1880: Filareto Kavernido, German anarchist physician (f. 1933).
• 1881: Gustavo Garmendia, Mexican military (f. 1913).
• 1882: Manuel García Vigil, Mexican military and political (f. 1924).
• 1893: Pedro Candioti, Argentine swimmer (f. 1967).
• 1895: Robert Graves, British writer and scholar (f. 1985).
• 1896: Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, a Japanese writer (f. 1965).

Amelia Earhart

• 1897: Amelia Earhart, American aviator and adventurer, the first woman to cross the Atlantic (f. 1937).
• 1900: Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald, American writer, wife of the writer F. Scott Fitzgerald (f. 1948).
• 1904: Delmer Daves, American filmmaker (f. 1977).
• 1904: Nikolai Kuznetsov, Soviet admiral (f. 1974).
• 1907: Vitaliano Brancati, Italian writer (f. 1954).
• 1912: Arturo Acebal-Idigoras, painter, sculptor and Basque ceramist of Argentine origin (f. 1977).
• 1912: Alejandro "Patón" Carrasquel, Venezuelan baseball player (f. 1969).
• 1920: José Noriega, Spanish singer (f. 2006).
• 1921: Giuseppe Di Stefano, Italian tenor (f. 2008).
• 1924: Antonio Ramallets, Spanish footballer (f. 2013).
• 1925: Ignacio Aldecoa, Spanish writer (f. 1969).
• 1926: Hans Günter Winkler, German rider (f. 2018).
• 1927: Alex Katz, American painter.
• 1929: Peter Yates, British filmmaker (f. 2011).
• 1930: Eduardo Manchón, Spanish footballer (f. 2010).
• 1930: Jece Valadão, Brazilian actor (f. 2006).
• 1931: Aldo Braga, Argentine actor (f. 2005).
• 1931: Ermanno Olmi, Italian filmmaker (f. 2018).
• 1932: Francisco Mata, Venezuelan singer and composer (f. 2011).
• 1935: Manuel Hermoso Rojas, Spanish politician.
• 1935: Luis Fernando Jaramillo, politician and businessman of Colombia (f. 2011).
• 1937: Carlos Scazziotta, Argentine actor and humorist (f. 2001).
• 1937: Quinlan Terry, British architect.
• 1938: Eugene J. Martin, African American painter (f. 2005).
• 1938: José Altafini, Italian-Brazilian footballer.
• 1939: Julio Aróstegui, Spanish historian (f. 2013).
• 1939: Walt Bellamy, American basketball player (f. 2013).
• 1942: Heinz, singer and British bassist of German origin (f. 2000).
• 1942: Chris Sarandon, American actor.
• 1945: Cristina Almeida, Spanish lawyer and politics.
• 1945: Azim Premji, Indian billionaire.
• 1947: Peter Serkin, American pianist (f. 2020).
• 1949: Paco Pastor, singer of the group Formula V, composer and actor of Spanish cinema and television.

Joan-Enric Vives

• 1949: Yves Duteil, French singer.
• 1949: Michael Richards, American actor.
• 1949: Joan-Enric Vives, bishop of Urgel and co-leader of Andorra.
• 1951: Lynda Carter, American actress.
• 1952: Gus Van Sant, American filmmaker.
• 1953: Santiago Idígoras, Spanish footballer.
• 1955: Philippe Hurel, French composer.
• 1955: Patricia Palmer, Argentine actress.
• 1955: Hideyuki Umezu, Japanese seiyū.
• 1958: Mick Karn, a Cypriot musician (f. 2011).
• 1959: Carlos Filizzola, Paraguayan politician.
• 1963: Karl Malone, American basketball player.
• 1964: Barry Bonds, American baseball player.
• 1964: Pedro Passos Coelho, Portuguese Prime Minister.
• 1964: Banana Yoshimoto, Japanese novelist.
• 1964: Vicentico, musician and Argentine composer.
• 1965: Doug Liman, American filmmaker and producer.
• 1965: Andrew Gaze, Australian basketball player.
• 1965: Eugenio Lira Rugarcía, Mexican bishop.
• 1966: Ilarion Alféyev, Russian Orthodox theologian.
• 1966: Martin Keown, English footballer.
• 1967: Minor Arguedas, Costa Rican footballer.

Jennifer Lopez

• 1969: Jennifer Lopez, actress and singer.
• 1969: Rick Fox, Bahamian basketball player.
• 1971: Dino Baggio, Italian footballer.
• 1971: Tabaré Cardozo, singer, composer and Uruguayan murguist.
• 1972: Kaiō Hiroyuki, Japanese sumo fighter.
• 1973: Johan Micoud, French footballer.
• 1973: Ana Cristina Oliveira, Portuguese model and actress.
• 1975: Torrie Wilson, American professional fighter.
• 1975: Eric Szmanda, American actor.
• 1975: Alberto Ongarato, Italian cyclist.
• 1976: Rafer Alston, American basketball player.
• 1976: Tiago Monteiro, Portuguese Formula 1 pilot.
• 1977: Mehdi Mahdavikia, Iranian footballer.
• 1977: Arnold Bruggink, Dutch footballer.
• 1977: Danny Dyer, British actor.
• 1977: Kendall Wilson Harris, Costa Rican footballer.
• 1977: Naoki Chiba, Japanese footballer.
• 1977: Kattya González, lawyer, teacher, author and Paraguayan politician.
• 1978: Andy Irons, American surfer (f. 2010).
• 1978: Gustavo Alba, Spanish footballer.
• 1979: Rose Byrne, Australian actress.
• 1979: Stat Quo, American rapper.
• 1979: Ryan Humphrey, American basketball player.
• 1979: Cristian Zurita, Argentine footballer.
• 1980: Gauge, American porn actress.
• 1980: Wilfred Bungei, Kenyan athlete.
• 1980: Joel Stroetzel, American guitarist, of the Killswitch Engage band.
• 1981: Nayib Bukele, Salvadoran businessman and politician, President of El Salvador since 2019.
• 1981: Summer Glau, American actress.
• 1982: Anna Paquin, New Zealand actress.
• 1983: Daniele De Rossi, Italian footballer.
• 1983: Ivan Stoyanov, Bulgarian footballer.
• 1983: Asami Mizukawa, Japanese actress.
• 1984: Emilio Edwards, Chilean actor.
• 1984: John Dhani Lennevald, Swedish singer, A-Teens.
• 1985: Teagan Presley, American porn actress.
• 1986: Miguel Socolovich, Venezuelan baseball player.
• 1986: Fernando Tissone, Argentine soccer player.
• 1987: Mara Wilson, American actress.
• 1990: Jay McGuiness, British bandwidth The Wanted
• 1990: Daveigh Chase, American actress.
• 1992: Fábio Alexandre da Silva Nunes, Portuguese footballer.
• 1992: Mitch Grassi, American singer.
• 1992: Shoto Ashino, Japanese footballer.
• 1992: Rosó Buch, Spanish basketball player.
• 1993: Andreas Linde, Swedish footballer.
• 1993: Sara Cobo, Mexican singer and actress.
• 1993: Alessandro Micai, Italian footballer.
• 1994: Carlos Fierro, Mexican footballer.
• 1994: Michael Goolaerts, Belgian cyclist (f. 2018).
• 1994: Andriy Bliznichenko, Ukrainian footballer.
• 1995: Kyle Kuzma, American basketball player.
• 1996: Armando Anastasio, Italian footballer.
• 1997: Emre Mor, Turkish footballer.
• 1997: Julia Zigiotti Olme, Swedish footballer.
• 1997: Rebecka Blomqvist, Swedish footballer.
• 1997: Aybar Zhaksylykov, Kazakh footballer.
• 1997: Roman Yuzepchuk, Belarusian footballer.
• 1998: Bindi Irwin, actress, singer and Australian-American conservationist.
• 1999: Manor Solomon, an Israeli footballer.
• 2000: Viktor Gísli Hallgrímsson, Icelandic basketball player.
• 2000: Leonardo Campana, Ecuadorian footballer.
• 2000: Boris Linkov, Bulgarian athlete.
• 2000: Francesco Mezzoni, Italian footballer.
• 2003: Mexxx Meerdink, Dutch footballer.
• 2003: Jader Barbosa Da Silva Gentil, Brazilian footballer.

Deaths

• 1568: Charles of Austria, Prince of Asturias (n. 1545).
• 1817: Karadorde Petrovich, Serbian military (n. 1768).
• 1828: Félix Calleja, a Spanish military and political man, virrey of New Spain (n. 1753).
• 1838: Frédéric Cuvier, French zoologist and botanist (n. 1773).
• 1862: Martin Van Buren, American politician, eighth president (n. 1782).
• 1908: Vicente Acosta, Salvadoran poet, teacher and politician (n. 1867).
• 1927: Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, a Japanese writer (n. 1892).
• 1936: Onésimo Redondo, Spanish politician, founder of the JONS (n. 1905).
• 1938: Pedro Figari, painter, lawyer, writer and Uruguayan journalist (n. 1861).
• 1942: Joan Peiró, Spanish politician, Minister of Industry during the Second Republic (n. 1887).
• 1957: Sacha Guitry, French actor and playwright (n. 1885).
• 1965: Constance Bennett, American actress (n. 1904).
• 1969: Witold Gombrowicz, Polish writer (n. 1904).
• 1974: James Chadwick, British physicist, nobel physics award in 1935 (n. 1891).
• 1978: Atilio Marinelli, Argentine actor (n. 1933).
• 1980: Peter Sellers, British actor (n. 1925).
• 1984: Saul Muñoz Menacho, mayor of the Peruvian city of Huancayo (n. 1925)
• 1985: José Bódalo, Spanish actor (n. 1916).
• 1991: Isaac Bashevis Singer, Polish writer, Nobel Prize in Literature in 1978 (1904).
• 1995: Manuel Pareja Obregón, Spanish composer (n. 1933).
• 1996: Nacho Martínez, Spanish actor (n. 1952).
• 2000: Ahmad Shamlou, Iranian poet (n. 1925).
• 2005: Sonny Hertzberg, American basketball player (n. 1922).
• 2007: Raimundo Pérez Lezama, Spanish footballer (n. 1922).
• 2008: Johnny Griffin, American saxophoneist (n. 1928).
• 2011: Virgilio Noè, Italian cardinal (n. 1922).
• 2012: Gregorio Peces-Barba, Spanish politician, father of the Constitution (n. 1938).
• 2012: Chad Everett, American actor (n. 1936).
• 2012: John Atta Mills, President of Ghana (n. 1944).
• 2020: Regis Philbin, actor and presenter of American television (n. 1931).
• 2020: Benjamin Mkapa, a Tanzanian politician and diplomat, president of Tanzania between 1995 and 2005 (n. 1938).
• 2022: David Warner, British actor (n. 1941).

Celebrations

• Venezuela Venezuela: Natalicio del Libertador Day
• Mormon Pioneers Day in Salt Lake City (Utah) since 1847.

Catholic saints list

• San Balduíno de Rieti
• San Charbel Makhluf
• Santa Cristina de Bolsena
• Santa Cunegunda de Hungary
• San Declano de Ardmore
• San Estercacio de Mérida
• Santa Euphrasian de Tebaida
• San Fantino the Old
• San José Fernández (martir)
• San Juan Boste
• San Meneo de Licia
• San Niceta de Licia
• Santa Sigolena de Albi
• Beato Antonio Torriani
• Beata Cristina Admirable
• Blessed Javier Bordás Piferrer
• Beato José Lambton
• Blessed Juan de Tossignano Tavelli
• Beata Luisa de Saboya
• Beata María de la Merced Prat
• Blessed Modestine of Jesus and Mary