Julian Gayarre
Sebastián Julián Gayarre Garjón (9 January 1844 in Roncal, Navarra - 2 January 1890 in Madrid) was a Spanish tenor.
Biography
He was born on Tuesday, January 9, 1844 in Roncal (Navarra), Spain, into a humble family, the son of Mariano Gayarre and María Ramona Garjón. After dropping out of elementary school at the age of thirteen, he began earning a living as a pastor.
Two years later his father decides to send him to Pamplona, to work as a clerk in a small establishment. This is where his first contact with music occurs, leaving the abandoned business to follow a music band that he passed parading past the store. This meant his dismissal and his return to Roncal.
Later, he worked in a forge in Lumbier, which he left at the age of eighteen, when he decided to return to Pamplona to settle as a blacksmith.
It is said that Gayarre used to sing while he worked, for which a colleague offered him to join the recently created Orfeón Pamplonés directed by Joaquín Maya, who admitted him as first tenor, upon hearing the voice of the young Gayarre.
Thus he came into contact with the world of solfege thanks to the method of Hilarión Eslava, a Navarrese teacher from Burlada, who helped him to go to the Madrid Conservatory as a scholarship holder, where he won the second prize for singing in 1868.
At twenty-five years old and after being rejected by the maestro Gaztambide, he returned to Pamplona unsuccessful.
His protectors and friends in Pamplona got him a scholarship from the Provincial Council of Navarra that took him to study in Milan (Italy), where he achieved resounding success in just three months. From that moment on, his career was unstoppable.
She triumphed in Bologna, Rome, at the Saint Petersburg Opera (where she sang her favorite opera for the first time, La favourite), Moscow, Vienna... Her definitive consecration came on January 2 in 1876, at La Scala in Milan with La favourite, a work that placed him as the world's leading tenor.
His performances in London, Buenos Aires, Austria, Germany, the Teatro Real in Madrid, Seville, Liceo de Barcelona, Naples, the Paris Opera... earned him the nickname «senza rivali, le Roi du chant”.
In December 1889, in Madrid, he agreed to sing The Pearl Fishermen, despite being ill with influenza-like bronchopneumonia, a deadly disease at the time. He came on stage and when attacking a high note his voice broke and he fainted. He fell into a deep depression that, together with the extreme fever that weakened his body, led to his death at 4:25 in the morning on Thursday, January 2, 1890, at the age of 45, in Madrid.[citation required]
Julián Gayarre died unmarried, but it is known that he had a daughter with the soprano María Mantilla who was named after her mother and whom Gayarre did not forget in his will.
In Roncal, his hometown, is the pantheon-mausoleum erected in his honor, the work of Mariano Benlliure. That's where his embalmed body rests. Before his embalming, the doctors who followed him during his illness removed his larynx (you can see the House-Museum dedicated to the singer in Roncal). The love he felt for his hometown led him to finance the construction of schools and of the pediment and to give the local doctor a complete medical case with the latest generation of surgical instruments.
There is much discussion about the existence of recordings of Gayarre himself. Although none are currently known, it is true that they could exist since recording techniques had already been invented and marketed enough to be able to reach it.
Tributes and Recognitions
- In 1902, the Gayarre Theatre was inaugurated in Pamplona in memory of the tenor.
- The following Spanish Town Halls have dedicated you streets and squares:
- Ablitas (Navarre): Julián Gayarre street.
- Andosilla (Navarre): Julián Gayarre street.
- Ayegui (Navarra): Julián Gayarre street.
- Azagra (Navarra): Gayarre Square.
- Badalona (Barcelona): Julián Gayarre street.
- Barcelona (Barcelona): Gayarre Street.
- Bilbao (Vizcaya): Avenida Julián Gayarre.
- Carcastillo (Navarra): Gayarre street.
- Castejón (Navarra): Julián Gayarre street.
- Cintruénigo (Navarre): Gayarre street.
- Ciudadela (Menorca): Via Julián Gayarre.
- Cortes (Navarre): Gayarre street.
- Two Sisters (Seville): Calle Julián Gayarre
- Funes (Navarre): Julián Gayarre street.
- Fustiñana (Navarre): Julián Gayarre street.
- Lerín (Navarra): Julián Gayarre street.
- Lodosa (Navarre): Gayarre street.
- Madrid (Madrid): Calle Julián Gayarre.
- Málaga (Málaga): Julián Gallarre street.
- Marcilla (Navarre): Julián Gayarre street
- Mélida (Navarre): Gayarre street.
- Mendavia (Navarre): Gayarre street.
- Milagro (Navarre): Gayarre street.
- Murchante (Navarre): Gayarre Street.
- Obanos (Navarra): Julián Gayarre street.
- Olazti / OLAZAGUTÍA (Navarra): Julián Gayarre Square.
- Palma de Mallorca: Julián Gayarre street
- Pamplona (Navarre): Julián Gayarre street.
- Pedro Muñoz (Ciudad Real): Julián Gayarre Street
- Peralta (Navarre): Julián Gayarre street
- Rada (Navarre): Gayarre street.
- Ribaforada (Navarre): Gayarre street.
- Roncal (Navarra): Julián Gayarre promenade.
- San Adrián (Navarre): Gayarre street.
- Santurce (Vizcaya): Julián Gayarre street
- Tudela (Navarre): Gayarre street.
- Valencia (Valencia): Julián Gayarre street.
- Valtierra (Navarre): Julián Gayarre street.
- Villafranca (Navarre): Gayarre street.
-Zaragoza (Aragon): Tenor Gayarre Street.
- Search of the sculptor Mariano Benlliure
In the National Museum of the Theater of Almagro (Ciudad Real)
- 1923 - Monument in Madrid
Bronze plate - relief, by the sculptor Fructuoso Orduna.
- 1916 - Monument Bust in stone in the frontón de Roncal work of the sculptor Fructuoso Orduna Lafuente. In 1952 he was replaced by another bust in bronze of the same sculptor. It is currently in the garden annexed to the House-Museum.
- 1924 - Relieve on the facade of the building of the House-Museum Julián Gayarre work of Fructuoso Orduna. The tombstone was supplied by popular subscription.
- 1950 - Monument in the park of the Taconera (Pamplona). The sculptural part is the work of the sculptor Fructuoso Orduna, and the architect Victor Eusa. The monument is 10 meters in diameter and 11 meters high.
- 1999 – I look for the work of sculptor Antonio Loperena on Gayarre Street in Tudela.
- In the Heroe Colony of Nacozari, in the mayor's office Gustavo A. Madero, in the north of Mexico City, a street bears its name.
Filmography
- 1930s — film starring Pepe Romeu based on the play The Death of the Nightingale.
- 1959 — the film entitled Gayarre of Domingo Viladomat, starring Alfredo Kraus Trujillo.
- 1986 — José María Forqué led Final Romance (Gayarre), starring the tenor José Carreras.
Contenido relacionado
Lech Walęsa
Louis Braille
Camille Pissarro