John I of France

John I of France (November 15-20, 1316) called “John the Posthumous”, was king of France and Navarre. He was the posthumous son and heir of King Louis X of France and Princess Clemence of Hungary. Born on the night of November 14 to 15, 1316, he lived for only 5 days, being succeeded by his paternal uncle, the Count of Poitiers and Regent of France at the time, under the name of Philip V of France.

He is the youngest person to be King of France, the only one to have held that title since birth, and the only one to hold it his entire life. His reign is the shortest of the French kings. Although he is considered a king today, his status was not recognized until chroniclers and historians in later centuries began to list John II, thus acknowledging John I's brief reign.

Succession

His death ended the succession at the time in France from father to son. After that, Duke Odón IV of Burgundy pleaded for the rights of the daughter of King Louis X's first marriage, Juana, his niece. King Louis X had accepted her as his daughter but her legitimacy was in doubt because she had been born at the same time as the scandal of the Tower of Nesle, the crime of adultery of Louis X's first wife, Margaret of Burgundy. Finally, in January 1317, the regent Philip of Poitiers took the crown as Philip V.

Hypothetical survival

"Jean I.♪ roy de France » (1316) by Jean Dassier (1676-1763). Bibliothèque nationale de France.

Various legends circulate about the royal infant, which were remarkably collected by Maurice Druon in his books The Cursed Kings. It is assumed that his uncle Felipe V had him poisoned. Then, a singular story, unfolding years later, spreads the rumor that little King John was not dead, but was instead cradled with the queen's nurse's son, Giannino Baglioni, who was killed in a cradle. actual presentation.

According to the above, Juan I reigned for five days under the regency of his uncle. When he was changed in the crib, his & # 34; milk brother & # 34; He was the one who died in front of the French barons, being Giannino Baglioni the one who was buried with full honors in Saint-Denis, believing that he was the true king. The king grew up in the French countryside of the Ile-de-France, believing that he was the son of the wet nurse.

It was during the captivity of John II of France (1356-1360) that a man named Giannino Baneoni claimed to be John I and therefore heir to the crown. He tried to assert his rights, but was seized in Provence and died in captivity in 1363. A recent book puts forward the following hypothesis. Cola di Rienzo was the one who invented the rumors that Giannino Baglioni was Juan I and the one who later tried to put him on the throne of France to reinforce the power of Rome. Shortly after their reunion in 1354, Cola di Rienzo was assassinated, and Giannino waited two years before making his claims clear. He went to the Hungarian court, where King Louis I of Hungary, Clemency's nephew of Hungary, recognized him as the son of Louis X and Clemency. In 1360 Giannino went to Avignon, but Pope Innocent VI refused to receive him. After several attempts to gain recognition, he was arrested and confined to Naples, where he died in 1363.

Ancestors

Succession

Predecessor: Luis X

King of France and Navarre 1316 (15-20 November)

Successor: Philip V of France and I of Navarra