Jesus Maria District

The district of Jesús María is one of the forty-three districts that make up the province of Lima, located in the department of the same name, in Peru. It limits to the north with the districts of Breña and Lima, to the east again with Lima and the district of Lince, to the south with the districts of San Isidro and Magdalena del Mar, and to the west with the district of Pueblo Libre.

It was founded on December 17, 1963 and its government institution is the Municipality of Jesús María, its current mayor being Jorge Quintana García Godos, who holds the position in the period 2019-2022. He currently occupies the third position in the human development index of all the districts of Peru, ranking behind La Molina and Lince. According to its HDI and INEI data, it is currently inhabited by families of high socioeconomic status.

Jesús María has several places of tourist interest, among which the Campo de Marte stands out with its Monument to the defenders of the border and the Eye that cries, the Museum of Natural History of Lima of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, the Japanese Peruvian Cultural Center with its Japanese garden and its Museum of Japanese Immigration to Peru, the Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants of Lima, the church and San José square, among others.

History

In pre-Inca times, around 1440 AD. C., the area of Jesús María corresponded to a part of the areas of the curacazgo de Maranga and the kingdom of Cuismancu, two of the oldest towns in the valley of the Rímac river. After the conquest of Peru, the current area of the district It corresponded to the union of the then Matalechuzas farm, the small Matalechucitas farm and the lands referred to as Jesús María, which together added a total of two hundred and forty hectares.

During the Viceroyalty of Peru, a part of the valley of the Rímac River, then irrigated by the Huatica River, now disappeared, began to be known as Matalechuzas. One theory indicates that since the XVI century there was an elimination of the area's owls, a bird that according to Spanish chroniclers was highly reputed as an oracle in pre-Hispanic times and therefore had several huacas dedicated to her worship in the place, which were also gradually destroyed. With the passing of time, cultivated lands were created, mainly for sugar cane and fruit trees. Matalechuzas thus became the most important plantation in the area, owned around the XVII century by Martín de Iturain.

José Carlos Mariátegui in 1929 during a recreational walk in the forest of Matamula, also called Matalechuzas. Much of Jesus Mary was urbanized in this forest.

In the XIX century, with the arrival of the Republican era, Matalechuzas was owned by Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco, a revolutionary leader from Arequipa who became the Supreme Director of Peru from 1843 to 1844 and a staunch enemy of Ramón Castilla. After his death, his Reynaldo de Vivanco, his son, would inherit the farm. He would later die in the defense of Morro Solar during the Pacific War. Subsequently, the Olavegoya family would acquire the land, and at the beginning of the XX century they would begin the urban expansion of the old estate.

Regarding Matalechucitas, this was a smaller orchard or farm than is known to have existed since the XVII century. The orchard would have several owners until finally Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco would also take possession of it. Decades later, Reynaldo de Vivanco would put it up for sale. On the other hand, the lands called Jesús María were a farm located next to the Santa Beatriz area. According to the historian Fernando Flores Zúñiga, the name of the land originates from the monastic collection of Jesus, Mary and Joseph, made up of Capuchin nuns who arrived in Lima from Madrid and took closure in the area from 1718, which would make the place at your headquarters. In some period of the 18th century, the Capuchin nuns of the collection of Jesus, Mary and Joseph took over the lands in question, which would acquire this dedication with the passage of time, although leaving aside the mention of Saint Joseph.

Detail of the building of the Hippodrome of Santa Beatriz, demolished in 1938 to give way to the Campo de Mars.

The area of the current district maintained an agricultural profile until the early 1920s, its territory belonging to the districts of Cercado de Lima, Magdalena del Mar and Pueblo Libre. During the Leguía Oncenio, specifically in 1927, the School of Agriculture of Lima developed a project to urbanize the area, which proposed some thirty-two blocks between what would later be Av. Arenales and Av. Francisco Javier Mariátegui. In 1930, residents of the area decided to unite and form the Jesús María housing group. The following year they formed the civic commission for the district of Jesús María, which was chaired by Enrique Majuelos, a notable neighbor at that time. Then, in the 1940s, the inauguration of Avenida Salaverry gave an important boost to the autonomy of Jesús María. At the same time that the Campo de Marte, which replaced the Santa Beatriz Hippodrome, began to take shape as a lung and aesthetic landscape for the emerging residential area. At that time, several members of the Japanese immigrant community in Peru settled in The area brought trade and economic dynamism to Jesús María, as they were the ones who opened the first local wineries, hairdressers, pharmacies and hardware stores, thus giving the future district a commercial tone that it maintains to this day.

The ancient Arc Morisco of the av. Leguía, Spain's gift for the centenary of Peru's independence. It was located at one end of the Mars Field. It was demolished in 1938. A replica was built in the district of Santiago de Surco.

In 1943, a commission was formed in charge of managing the autonomy of the area, in order to achieve a better administration of resources. Its dizzying growth made an independent economic administration necessary, so the neighbors Jacob Alavedra and Enrique Mafuelo Cáceres took the initiative and ended up constituting the pro-district Civic Committee of Jesús María. Gradually, the increasingly active Salaverry avenue promoted the urban expansion and gave a new profile to the area, differentiating it from the district of San Isidro and the district of Lince. In the 1940s and 1950s, various businessmen, professionals, politicians, and foreign representatives moved to the place. The mansions and new houses of the place showed diverse architectural styles, such as the North American, Moorish and neocolonial villa; in addition to balconies, gardens and republican windows. Likewise, in the 50s, on av. Salaverry, some public buildings representing the Ochenio of Manuel Odría were built, such as the Ministry of Labor and Employment Promotion of Peru and the Ministry of Health of Peru, and the initial works of the current Edgardo Rebagliati Martins Hospital (former Hospital del Empleado); all this gave a very characteristic profile to the area. Finally, also in the 50s, the inauguration of av. San Felipe would complete the local urban landscape, with the houses and residences on Estados Unidos, Inca Rípac and Sánchez Cerro streets.

Current night view of the av. Salaverry from the Centro Comercial Real Plaza Salaverry.

After successful efforts in different political spheres, on November 30, 1956, in a legislature chaired by José Gálvez Barrenechea, the Congress of the Republic issued Law 14763 that marked the political foundation of Jesús María as a district, separating it of the Cercado de Lima. However, the initiative was shelved without being promulgated for several years. It would not be until December 17, 1963 that the then president of the republic, Fernando Belaúnde Terry, promulgated the aforementioned law to mark the official birth of the district, which is also published in the official newspaper El Peruano. to the official founding of the district in 1963, it was not possible to have an administration until the Lima municipal elections of 1966 took place, the year in which José Benavides Muñoz became the first mayor of the district, who would begin his management on January 1, 1967. In the 1960s and 1970s, the recently created district acquired a more heterogeneous profile from the appearance of more popular and small-middle-class areas. In the 1960s the Hipódromo de San Felipe, which was in turn a replacement for the Santa Beatriz Hippodrome, would be demolished to make way for the now emblematic Residencial San Felipe. Since its foundation, the district has had thirteen mayors, the current one being Jorge Quintana García Godos, who holds office for the 2019-2022 period.

Geography

Location

Jesús María is one of the forty-three districts that make up the province of Lima, located in the department of the same name in Peru. Its jurisdiction limits to the North with the districts of Breña and Lima through the avenues Brasil and 28 de Julio respectively, to the East it borders again with the district of Lima and the district of Lince through the avenues República de Chile, Arenales, Domingo Cueto, Belisario Flores and Salaverry; to the South with the San Isidro district and the Magdalena del Mar district through Salaverry and Sánchez Carrión avenues, and to the West with the Pueblo Libre district through Brasil avenue.

Main landmarks and sites of interest of Jesus Mary (you can click on the upper right corner to expand the visualization).

Climate

The climate of Jesús María corresponds to the climatic average of the capital Lima. In this sense, it combines an almost total absence of precipitation, with a very high level of atmospheric humidity and persistent cloud cover. For this reason, it is surprising for its strange characteristics despite being located in a tropical area at 12 degrees south latitude and almost at sea level. The central Peruvian coast shows a series of atypical microclimates due to the influential and cold Humboldt current that derives from Antarctica, the proximity of the Andes mountain range and its geographical location, giving Jesús María, and Lima in general Metropolitan, a subtropical climate, cool, desert and humid at the same time. The following table provides the annual climatic parameters of Lima, which, as indicated, directly correspond to the climate of the district.

Average climate parameters of Lima
Month	Ene.	Feb.	Mar.	Open up.	May.	Jun.	Jul.	Ago.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Annual
Temp. max. abs. (°C)	31	35	32	31	30	28	30	26	26	26	27	31	32
Average temperature (°C)	26	26	26	24	22	20	19	18	19	20	22	24	22
Average temperature (°C)	23	23	23	21	20	18	17	17	17	18	20	21	20
Temp. medium (°C)	20	20	20	18	17	16	15	15	15	16	17	18	17
Temp. min. abs. (°C)	16	17	16	13	12	11	8	9	10	10	8	10	8
Rains (mm)	1	1	0	0	1	2	3	3	3	2	2	0	16
Days of rain (≥ 1 mm)	4	2	3	2	5	11	12	15	13	7	5	3	82
Hours of sun	179.1	169	139.2	184	116.4	50.6	28.6	32.3	37.3	65.3	89	139.2	1284
Relative humidity (%)	85	80	80	85	85	85	85	85	85	85	85	85	84.2
Source No. 1: Weatherbase (Temperatura, precipitation and relative humidity).
Source No. 2: Complutense University of Madrid (Horas de sol).

Administration

The government institution of the district is the Municipality of Jesús María, of which its last three municipal administrations have been the following:

• Management 2019-2022: The mayor of Jorge Quintana García Godos de Acción Popular, as a lieutenant mayor to Fernando Heresi Chicoma, and as a ruler to: Eileen Milagros Burbank Silva, José Félix Alejandro Benavides Vargas, Fiany Stephany Goicochea Correa, Christian Jean Paul León Porras, Ana Paula Llanos La Madrid, Rafael Julio Antonio Ocaña Melgarejo, Daniel Ricardo Li León and Nelida.
• Management 2015-2018: The mayor of Carlos Bringas Claeyssen of the National Solidarity Party, as a lieutenant mayor to Ernesto Enrique Delhonte Cagna, and as governers to: Jesús Alberto Gálvez Olivares, Raúl Alberto Sullca Maquera, Lupe Florencia Solano Huaylinos, Juan Antonio Assante Ynga, Mariella del Carmen Vargas Rodríguez, Guillermo Francisco CIsneros Gamarra, Rafael Julio Antonio Ocaña Melgardy
• Management 2011-2014: The mayor of Enrique Ocrospoma Pella of the Electoral Alliance Unidad Nacional-Partido Popular Cristiano (UN-PPC), and as governers to: Guillermo Francisco Cisneros Gamarra (UN-PPC), Fiorella Franchesca Negrón Valenzuela (UN-PPC), Julissa Rocío Fernández (UN-PPC), María Monserrat Antonia Benavides Alegría

Demographics

Jesús María is considered a district inhabited by people of high socioeconomic status, with a medium density. Thanks to the progress and stability in security, cleanliness and order management in recent years, it has been a district highly chosen by the most important real estate companies for the construction of modern apartment towers in the years of the real estate boom of Peru, being one of the areas of Lima that had one of the highest increases in the price of its properties per m². According to results for 2019, Jesús María currently occupies third place in the human development index of the 1,831 districts of Peru, only behind La Molina and Lince.

Infrastructure and services

Education

Frontis del Colegio San Antonio de Padua

Jesús María has some public primary and secondary education institutions, such as the Teresa González de Fanning Emblematic Educational Institution (National College for Women), the Diego Ferré National College for Boys, and the Gabriela Mistral National College for Women. It also has several private primary and secondary education institutions such as the San Antonio de Padua School, the Los Álamos School, the Corazón de Jesús School, the San Clemente School, the San Patricio School, the Trilce Salaverry School, the Pamer Republic of Chile, the Saco Oliveros School, the San Felipe School, the Santa María de Fátima School, the Isaac Newton School, the Peruvian American School (Clinton-Rodham School), the Santa Rita de Casia School, the Leadership School, the Héctor School Cardenas, among others.

Pacific University Main Entrance in 2012.

As for public higher education institutions, Jesús María has the architecture faculty of the Federico Villarreal National University. As for private institutions, the district is home to the Universidad del Pacífico specializing in economics, the Jaime Bausate y Meza University specializing in journalism, the faculties of obstetrics and education of the University of San Martín de Porres and the Lima branch of the University Peruvian Andes. In the district there are also some faculties and administrative buildings of the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega University, the Alas Peruanas University, the Peruvian University of Sciences and Informatics and the Peruvian University of Research and Business, the latter four in a period of cessation of activities.

Health

View from the av. Salaverry of the main building of the Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins del Seguro Social de Salud del Perú (EsSalud), founded as Hospital del Empleado in 1958.

The most important social security hospital complex in Peru is located in Jesús María, the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins Hospital, founded in 1958 as the “Employee Hospital”. In addition, the district is home to the main hospital complexes of the Peruvian Army and the Peruvian National Police, the Coronel EP Luis Arias Schreiber Central Military Hospital and the PNP Luis N. Sáenz Police Central Hospital, respectively.

Security

Regarding national security, the General Command of the Peruvian Air Force and the former General Command of the Peruvian Navy (former Ministry of the Navy) are located in Jesús María.

Entities and services

Jesús María is the location of the headquarters of the Ministry of Labor and Employment Promotion of Peru, the Ministry of Health of Peru and the Ministry of Defense of Peru; as well as a headquarters of the Ministry of Agriculture of Peru. The embassies of Great Britain, Guatemala, Italy, Japan and Poland are also located in the district. In addition to the consulates of Argentina and Croatia. In addition to this, it is the location of the Apostolic Nunciature, the highest-ranking diplomatic mission of the Holy See.

In the jurisdiction of the district are also the headquarters of the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI), the National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru (Senamhi), the Agency for Environmental Evaluation and Control (OEFA) and the Chamber of Commerce of Lima (CCL); as well as one of the headquarters of the National Office of Electoral Processes (ONPE), the National Registry of Identification and Civil Status (Reniec) and the National Superintendency of Public Records (Sunarp).

Transportation

The most important roads in the district are Av. Salaverry, the av. San Felipe, Av. Brazil, Av. Arenales, the av 28 de Julio and the av. Faustino Sánchez Carrión (before Av. Pershing), which serve as dividing lines with the bordering districts.

Heritage and places of interest

Jesús María has several places of tourist attraction, below is a list of the main ones according to their type.

Cultural centers

Main entrance of the Japanese Peruvian Cultural Centre, located in the San Felipe Residence.

• Japanese Peruvian Cultural Center: The district has a close connection with the Nikkei colony, Japanese immigrants and their descendants in Peru, not only because in the district many members of this community live but because its main organization, the Japanese Peruvian Association that was founded in 1917, received as a donation of Peru an open land of 10,000 m2 in Jesus Mary, in order to compensate them for the excesses that occurred against them in the context of the World War II. In this field donated the association has built its main institutions, including the Japanese Peruvian Cultural Centre. This was inaugurated on 12 May 1967 in the form of a centre for the meeting and dissemination of various manifestations of Peruvian-Japanese art and culture. The then Crown Prince Akihito (who would later become emperor of Japan) and Princess Michiko, Fernando Belaúnde Terry, president of Peru at the time, Juan Landázuri Ricketts, Archbishop of Lima of the time, among others, attended the inauguration. At the inauguration ceremony the princes Akihito and Michiko planted two pine trees that until today are kept in the Japanese garden that the center guards inside. Annexes to the cultural centre are the Japanese Peruvian Theatre, which has a capacity for 1025 people, the Japanese Immigration Museum to Peru Carlos Chiyoteru Hiraoka and the Elena Kohatsu Library. Finally, the association also built in the surroundings of its center the Japanese Peruvian Polyclinic, which was inaugurated on 21 March 1981.

Main entrance of the Cultural Center Sérvulo Gutiérrez

• Centro Cultural Sérvulo Gutiérrez: It is also called the Cultural Center of Jesus María, as it is the main and official center of managing cultural and artistic activities of the district. The centre is the venue for exhibitions, events and shows, as well as the promoter of workshops and educational programs for the benefit of district neighbors and the general public. In its building is the Sérvulo Gutiérrez Art Gallery and the Municipal Library of Jesus Mary, which with more than thirty thousand titles is the largest municipal library in the country.

• Centro de la Amistad Peruano-China: Recent creation, this space seeks to host cultural events of different kinds results of the process of Chinese immigration in Peru, which has generated values, traditions and a particular gastronomy over more than one hundred and seventy years. The centre currently offers different courses of Chinese culture and Chinese language, as well as courses of arts, dances and sports.

Museums

Osamenta de cachalote in the Museum of Natural History of Lima, located in the av. Arenales.

• Museum of Natural History of Lima: Officially named Museum of Natural History "Javier Prado" of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, is the main and oldest museum of its kind in Peru. It was created on February 28, 1918 and currently brings together the largest collection of specimens of Peru's flora, fauna and gea. The museum houses valuable collections of Italian Sanmarquino researcher Antonio Raimondi and exhibitions of dinosaur skeletons. It has several exhibition rooms, as well as an auditorium; it also provides advisory services, species determination and diagnosis on subjects related to the natural environment, at the same time seeks to promote the protection and natural conservation of Peru through its regular and special exhibitions such as the Night Museum and the Day of Scientific Collections open to the public. It also has a specialized library and carries out specialized publications on a continuous basis. The Museum of Natural History also has a subsidiary in the region of Arequipa called the Paleontological Museum of Sacaco, which protects various fossil remains of the paleontological area of Sacaco, recognized by the Ministry of Culture of Peru as a Cultural Heritage of the Nation.

• National Museum of Anthropology, Biodiversity, Agriculture and Food: The also called Anthropological Museum of the National Agrarian University La Molina, exhibits a rich and wide collection of anthropology and pre-Columbian agriculture, ranging from the first prehistoric animals, the origins of man and agriculture, to the most remarkable cultures developed in Peru before America became known to the world. The vast majority of its collection corresponds to pieces collected by Swiss archaeologist Frederic Engel through his studies in Peru.

• Japanese Immigration Museum in Peru: This museum was inaugurated in July 1981 as a commemoration of the 80th anniversary of Japanese immigration in Peru in 1979. In this museum there is an exhibition of various objects related to the arrival in 1899 of the first group of Japanese immigrants to Peru. The first exhibited museum objects were brought from Japan and installed in Lima under the tutelage of Shozo Masuda, a renowned Nikkei Peruvian. Then, other objects related to various topics such as the attitude and integration of Japanese immigrants in Peru, Peruvian-Japanese diplomatic relations after the Second World War, a chronological line of the main events of the world together with the main events in the Peruvian-Japanese community, the celebrations for the 80th, 90th and 100th anniversary of Japanese immigration in Peru, the other dekasegi phenomenon, were added. The museum is located on the second floor of the Japanese Peruvian Cultural Centre and has an area of 273 m2. His first room is from the permanent exhibition, which narrates the history of the Nikkei community and its immigration, diverse aspects of relations between Japan and Peru, and a threatening description of the Peruvian and Japanese cultures. The second room corresponds to temporary exhibitions, so it is constantly renewed. It also has a space for the archive and preservation of historical photographs and documents about immigration; this area can also be used as a space for studies and meetings. Since 2003, the museum's name pays tribute to Carlos Chiyoteru Hiraoka, a renowned businessman and leader of the Nikkei community and the Japanese Peruvian Association.

• Fútbol Collectable Museum: It is the most recent museum in the district, created by a young Jesuit neighbor who in 2004 completed his first album of the American Cup and currently has more than ten thousand collectors related to football. Among these are albumens, banderines, t-shirts, merchandising, souvenirs, among other articles from different parts of the world. The attention is usually the weekends after the social network. One of the most valuable objects in the collection is a t-shirt signed by Maradona when he was technical director of Argentina, donated by sports journalist Daniel Peredo.

Churches and temples

View of the Church San José

• San José Church: It was built within the framework of the expansion of Lima into the lands of Jesus Maria, then owned by Carlo Orézzolí. The Carmelites were in charge of the parish of Santiago del Cercado in Barrios Altos since 1920, however, they needed to have a foundation. It was then that Father Hermenegildo of the Virgin of Carmen, provincial of the Order, acquires a land in the lands of Jesus Mary to concretize the objective of the Carmelite parents. Before the construction, the father told the then Archbishop of Lima his plans to build a parish in Jesus Mary and he asked who the temple was meant to be dedicated. The father replied that it was clear that the temple would be dedicated to Our Lady of Carmen as they were Carmelites. However, the Archbishop would reply that the Virgin of Carmen already had a temple in Lima, while Saint Joseph, recognized as the patron of Peru. The father would understand the request and thus appoint Saint Joseph as the titular pattern of the new church. In September 1945 the works of the church began under the direction of Father Manuel Vidaurre Arrarás, expert architect and builder of several churches in Latin America and Spain. The temple would take four years to build, having its inauguration on 15 October 1949. Regarding the architectural characteristics of the temple, it has a neo-gothic style, mainly distinguished by the height of its walls, the shape of its vaults and the presence of pillars and arches that support the entire structure. Its dimensions are 57 m long, 23 wide, and high 33 m in the dome and 52 m in its two towers.

View of the Church San Antonio de Padua

• San Antonio de Padua Church: Located in the 5th block of San Felipe Avenue, it was opened on November 30, 1967. It is linked to the history of glass art in the churches of Lima, driven by Austrian artist Adolfo Winternitz. Its origins date back to May 2, 1952, when the parish of San Antonio de Padua was created, the first parish priest being Father Urbano Cloutier. In the following years he would establish and build the San Antonio de Padua College. The church was designed by the Peruvian architect Roberto Wakeham and was inaugurated on the occasion of the episcopal consecration of his then pastor, Monsignor Lorenzo Guibord. It has a capacity for a thousand people and two entrances. It keeps inside important works of Adolfo Winternitz, such as the vitral of eight bodies of the Magnificat and Christ with Him and in Himin addition to works by the Italian sculptor Anna Maccagno, such as The statue of San Francisco, The Way of the Cross in cast aluminium and sagrarium in iron plates.

• Iglesia Santa María Madre de la Iglesia: It is a small church located in the Residencial San Felipe and in front of the Centro Cultural Peruano Japonés. Given its location it provides special mass services for the Peruvian-Japanese community and for the inhabitants of the residential complex and surrounding area.

• Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Church: It is a small church that was the oratory of the people who lived in the house called La Rancheria, which was next to the present church. This group was part of what was formerly the house-hacienda or main ranchería of the Matalechucitas smelt and the lot of lands of Jesus Mary, in the area of the current 14th block of Arnaldo Márquez Avenue, where until little had traces of a country house. The Hijas del Huatica acequias would come across this area, in what is today are Garzón Avenue and sections of Arnaldo Márquez Avenue.

• Sanctuary of the Lord of the Fall: It is a small sanctuary that protects the image of a Nazarene Christ carrying the cross on his shoulders, work of sculptor Marcos Huapaya Ávila started in 1928 and finished in April 1935 for the celebrations of Holy Week. The sculptor named him “Lord of the Fall” in honor of the passion of Jesus and his veneration for a foundry of St. Anthony, in the district of Mala, called La Caída. While initially thought of selling, a woman attributed to the image a miracle and since then the devotees began to grow. Later, the sculptor and his family moved to the district of Jesus Mary, where they built a house with a space for the veneration of sculpture.

Parks, squares and gardens

Side view of San José Square

• Plaza San José: Also known as Plaza Diez Canseco, is located in the heart and main commercial area of the district, opposite the San José Church and the market that shares its name. It has an area of approximately 600 m2 and, in its center, displays the Family Monument. Free wireless internet is available. Next to the square is the traditional San José market, which was built on a property of an Italian citizen who had to give it to the Peruvian state as compensation for a debt that kept on taxation. This in turn gives it to the District Municipality for what would be the construction of its district market. It currently has nearly three hundred posts of varied merchandise.

• Plaza Cáceres: Built in homage to Marshal Andrés Avelino Cáceres, hero of the Breña Campaign during the late century conflictXIX with Chile. In this square there is a sculpture erected in 1951, which pays tribute to the Marshal also referred to as the Witch of the Andes. Remodelada recently features free wireless internet service.

• Habich Park: It bears this name because in it is located a monument erected in 1911 and dedicated to Polish engineer Eduardo de Habich, a professor of engineering in Peru, one of the founding members in 1888 of the historic Geographical Society of Lima, and founder in 1876 of the School of Engineers of Peru (now National University of Engineering).

Panoramic photo of the Campo de Mars.

• Campo de Mars: Also referred to Plaza de la Revolución, is a large park located within what was formerly the Hippodrome of Santa Beatriz, of which there is now only one tribune. It is considered the ecological lung of Jesus Mary and of all Lima. Within the Campo de Mars you can practice football, tennis and swimming as the facilities of the respective national federations of tennis and swimming are located inside the enclosure. Inside you will find several monuments of great importance, such as the Monument to the defenders of the border located in its western zone and erected in tribute to those who have fallen in the 1941 Campaign of the war conflict with Ecuador. This monument is made up of three female figures symbolizing the provinces of Jaén, Maynas and Tumbes, which were intended during the war in Ecuador. Two bronze statues representing law and justice are located in the upper area. On its front, in front of the arch, there is another statue placed on a pedestal. In addition, in the eastern part of the countryside is the monument known as the Red Eye, a monolith dedicated to victims of terrorist violence and state repression during the period of terrorism in Peru between the 1980s and 2000. This monument is the work of the plastic artist Lika Mutal, a Dutch resident in Peru, and was inaugurated on August 28, 2005. It is surrounded by a circular labyrinth of small and flat stones placed very together one another; in them the names of the victims are engraved together with the respective date of death or disappearance. Other landmarks of interest in the historic area of the Campo de Mars are the Peruvian-Japanese Friendship Bridge which was inaugurated on May 29, 1999 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Japanese immigration in Peru and which has the names engraved of the 790 Japanese who began the immigration process in the country, the Monument to the Mother, the Mural of the Pope of 500 m long and elaborated with ceramic stained glass Some of the most important Peruvian public institutions and other national sports organizations are located around the countryside. It is also a political scene of historical relevance as the place where President Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro was killed on the morning of April 30, 1933, and as the headquarters of the Grand Military Stop on July 29th on some occasions. The so-called avenue of Peruanity divides in the east and west the park and is where the mentioned civic act is specifically performed. On May 3, 1968, Law 16979 declared as an intangible green area to the Campo de Mars.

• Pet park: Located in one of the ends of the Campo de Mars, it has an approximate area of 10 000 m2. The park has special areas of physical activities, game and hygienic services for pets, as well as safety and medical services provided by the Municipal Canine Brigade. In a roundabout that divides the veterinary and police area of the free area so that the pets have erected the Monument to the pets, in honor of the animal companions of homes in the figure of a dog of the race commonly known as Peruvian dog without hair, in attentive, seated and black attitude with the view to the monument of the defenders of the border, as if it were monitoring and maintaining the order.

View of the Botanic Garden of Medical Plants of Lima.

• Botanical Garden of Medical Plants in Lima: Founded in 1999, it is a botanical garden dedicated to the diffusion of the wealth of medicinal plants in Peru that allows at the same time that the general public can observe the main medicinal plants in their original botanical form. It hosts a collection of more than three hundred botanical species, most of them originating from Peru, with scientifically tested therapeutic action and other widely used in traditional medicine that are not yet scientifically proven. The botanical garden is administered by the National Centre for Intercultural Health (CENSI) of the National Institute of Health. In addition to its headquarters in Jesus Mary has another one in the district of Chorrillos.

• Próceres Park: This park comprises an area of 4 776 m2 and is located in what was formerly the Matamula Forest. It was opened in 1971 in the context of the celebrations for the Sesquicentennial of the Independence of Peru. In its center is a monument of 20 meters high that exhibits sculptures of the main precursors and proceres of the country's independence. The park and its monument seek to highlight the Peruvian contribution to independence, highlighting characters such as Juan Pablo Viscardo and Guzmán and Túpac Amaru II, instead of José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar. Since 2010, it has hosted the Lima Book Fair.

Partial view of the Residencial San Felipe.

• Residencial San Felipe: Vio began its construction in 1963, during the first presidential management of Fernando Belaúnde Terry, having as main designer to Enrique Ciriani, renowned Peruvian architect. Its design sought to define a lifestyle by organized homes around a common use space of an agora name, also counting with rings on its second level for the activity of shops and commercial use, introducing also a novel idea for the period: the duplex department. Architects and specialists consider this residential complex Residencial San Felipe as an architectural and urban reference in Lima. It represents the middle class of Lima and its lifestyle, combining the green spaces correctly as public spaces. As there is no similar urban case in Lima some specialists consider converting the complex into limeño architectural heritage. Peruvian journalist Rafo León has called the residential a kind of small Central Park of Lima, inhabited by almost 10 000 people in a space of almost 260 000 m2.

• Theme park Minimundo: Located on the 17th block of the av. Salaverry, in front of the Military Circle and on one side of the Park of the Proceres, offers an exhibition of the most important tourist attractions of Lima and Peru in miniature, with more than 200 models made of different materials that represent different national architectural icons. This theme park is currently closed, without providing information if it will be reopened.

• Olivar de Oyague: Also called Olivar de Jesús María or Olivar de San Felipe, is an area with olive trees in the surroundings of the 3, 4 and 5 blocks of the av. San Felipe. Being crossed by the avenue, you can currently find its remains in the public parks and gardens of the houses and buildings of the area. It tells the tradition that St Martin de Porres himself came to collect olives in this area, in his periplos towards what is now the district of Pueblo Libre. Recently recovered, some olive trees can occasionally be seen in production.

Disappeared Archaeological Sites

• Huaca University: Also called Huaca Santa Beatriz or Huaca Grande as one of the largest in the capital. It was located on lands adjacent to the Museum of Natural History of Lima and belonging to the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, between the Av. Arenales, the av. Salaverry, and the streets Rebagliati, Cueto, Colonel Zegarra, and Montero. It was destroyed between 1935 and 1950 to give way to the construction of the Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins.
• Huaca Matalechuza: It was located on the 19th block of Salaverry Avenue, near the crossing with the Army av., in an area corresponding to the Matamula Forest also called Matalechuza Forest. It was associated with the Huatica valley and was destroyed in 1951 to give way to the current Parque de los Proceres.

Historical Monuments of Peru

Jesús María has some monuments and places included in the register of historical monuments of Peru for their artistic, historical, architectural, cultural and social value.

Go.	Monument	Province	Locality	Location	Image
LIM-147	Campo de Mars	Lima	District of Jesus Mary	Av. of La Peruanidad.	Upload another image
LIM-148	Avenida Salaverry	Lima	District of Jesus Mary	Av. Salaverry.	Upload another image
LIM-149	Olivar de Oyague	Lima	District of Jesus Mary	Between the streets Arnaldo Márquez, Rio de Janeiro and the United States.	Upload another image
LIM-150	House of the architect Luis Miró Quesada Garland	Lima	District of Jesus Mary	Huiracocha breed 2281.	Upload another image
LIM-183	Botanic Garden of Medical Plants of Lima	Lima	District of Jesus Mary	Av. Salaverry, block 8.	Upload another image
LIM-184	Plaza Cáceres	Lima	District of Jesus Mary	Av. Cuba, block 6.	Upload another image
LIM	The eye that cries	Lima	District of Jesus Mary	Av. Salaverry, block 1.	Upload another image

Festivities

Image of the Lord of the Miracles of Jesus Mary within the Church of Saint Joseph.

The main festivities of Jesús María are the following:

• March 19: San José.
• July 16: Virgen del Carmen.
• November 3: San Martín de Porres.
• 11 November: Lord of the Miracles of Jesus Mary.
• 13 December: Distrital Anniversary of Jesus Mary.

Twinned cities

Twinning of cities is a concept by which towns or cities from different geographical and political areas are paired to promote human contact and cultural links. Currently, Jesús María is twinned with

• Fichtelberg, Germany.
• Jesus Mary, Argentina.
• Sao Tome, Argentina.
• Arica, Chile.
• Guayaquil, Ecuador.
• Captain Meza, Paraguay.
• Antioch, Peru.
• Porto Alegre, Brazil (2013)

Gallery

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  Municipality of Jesus Mary

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  Municipal Palace of Jesus Mary

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  Centro Cultural Sérvulo Gutiérrez

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  Galería de Arte Sérvulo Gutiérrez

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  Monument to pets in the Campo de Marte