January 3

The 3rd of January is the 3.ᵉʳ (third) day of the year of the Gregorian calendar. There are 362 days to the end of the year and 363 in leap years.

Events

• 1117: In Italy, an earthquake of magnitude 6.4 in the seismological scale of Richter devastates much of the northern center of the country, in particular Verona, leaving a balance of about 30,000 dead.
• 1496: In Italy, Leonardo da Vinci first tested his flying machine.
• 1521: In Rome, Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther.
• 1642: In England, parliament approves the Great Amonest, an indictment against King Charles I.
• 1687: in Spain Carlos II creates the General Superintendence of the Treasury by putting the Marquis of the Velez.
• 1749: in Denmark the newspaper goes to the street Berlingske Tidendedean of the universal daily press.
• 1777: In the Battle of Princeton (United States) U.S. General George Washington defeats British General Charles Cornwallis.
• 1795: Russia and Austria sign an agreement for the distribution of Poland.
• 1815: Austria, UK and France form the secret alliance against Prussia and Russia.
• 1817: On the banks of the Arapey stream (now Uruguay)—in the framework of the Lusobrasileña invasion of 1816—600 Portuguese soldiers attack by surprise the camp of José Gervasio Artigas (“batalla” of Arapey) and force the soldiers to retreat in haste, with heavy losses in men and the whole of their cavalry.
• 1833: United Kingdom forces land in the Falkland Islands and expel the Rwandan administration. The dispute for the sovereignty of the Falkland Islands begins, in the next century the South Georgia Islands would be added to the chimera and in the following years the South Sandwich Islands, no further claims are expected for now.
• 1834: In Mexico City, the government jails Stephen F. Austin.
• 1848: In Liberia, Joseph Jenkins Roberts is appointed Prime Minister.
• 1857: the Archbishop of Paris, Monsignor Sibour, is killed from a stab wound in the heart, while he gave Mass in a church.
• 1861: In the framework of the U.S. Civil War, Delaware votes not to separate from the United States.

• 1870: In New York, the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge begins.
• 1871: Henry W. Bradley patents oleomargarin.
• 1874: In Spain, General Pavia gives a coup d'etat as he enters the Courts and ends the First Spanish Republic.
• 1878: Russian troops occupy Sofia and Turks are forced to request peace negotiations.
• 1888: at the Lick Observatory the 91 cm telescope is used for the first time (at that time, the largest in the world).
• 1899: in the magazine The New York Times is used for the first time the word car.
• 1903: the Academy of Sciences of Madrid and Paris recognize the research work of the engineer and academic Leonardo Torres Quevedo and Juan Felipe.
• 1904: In Ireland, John Edward Redmond tries to relaunch the Irish nationalist movement of Home Rule
• 1904: In Tres Arroyos, Argentina, the Union Dependientes de Comercio (whose name would change from 1989 to the trade union of Tres Arroyos) and its Public Library "Vicente P. Cacuri"."The oldest of the guilds." Archived from the original on January 4, 2017. Consultation on January 3, 2017.
• 1906: in Ecuador, former President Alfaro becomes power again.
• 1911: The United States orders the withdrawal of its troops from Nicaragua and recognizes the new government chaired by Juan José Estrada.
• 1915: foundation of the Lanús Club in the homonymous city of Argentina.
• 1920: in Mexico several eruption earthquakes and volcanoes destroy villages and cause more than 7000 victims.
• 1921: Turkey signs peace with Armenia.
• 1924: In the civil pantheon of Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, he is shot after taking away the public power Felipe Carrillo Puerto, socialist governor of Yucatan, along with his brothers: Edesio, Benjamin and Wilfrido and 9 other collaborators.
• 1925: Benito Mussolini puts opposition parties out of the law, which leaves the National Fascist Party as one in Italy.
• 1932: in Honduras martial law is declared to stop the revolt of banana workers, dismissed by the United Fruit company.
• 1932: frustrated attempted revolution in La Paz, Entre Ríos Argentina. CFR Brothers Kennedy.
• 1934: in Osek (North Bohemia) a mining catastrophe leaves 126 dead.
• 1941: In Mexico City, Martial Priest Maciel (1920-2008) founded the Legion of Christ. Later it will be discovered that since this time it began to sexually abuse children and young people in their schools.
• 1942: In the framework of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek is appointed commander-in-chief of all the allied forces in China.
• 1943: In the city of Santa Barbara (Costa Rica) the football club Santa Barbara Sports Association is founded, today disappeared.
• 1944: near Torre del Bierzo (Leon Province, Spain), dozens of people die as a result of a ferroviary accident in the coordinated 42.595889,-6.331000
• 1945: In the Belgian city of Bastogne the German offensive of the Ardennes fails.
• 1954: regular Rai 1 emissions start as the only Rai channel.
• 1956: the new railway between Beijing and Moscow (by Ulán Bator and Irkutsk) is opened.
• 1957: Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch.
• 1958: a New Zealand expedition, led by Edmund Hillary, arrives at the South Pole.
• 1959: Alaska becomes the 49th state of the United States.
• 1961: The United States breaks diplomatic relations with Cuba. These two nations remained without diplomatic relations until their resumption in 2015.
• 1962: In Vatican City, Pope John XXIII excommunicates Cuban leader Fidel Castro.
• 1966: in Havana, Cuba, the First Conference of Solidarity of the Peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America meets. OSPAAL (Organization of Solidarity among the Peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America) is created, which calls on the peoples of the world to "create one, two, three Vietnam".
• 1970: People ' s Republic of the Congo. A new Constitution was enacted.
• 1971: In Glasgow, 66 people die by ceding a Celtic Stadium rail for the pressure of viewers.
• 1973: Founded in Nicoya (Costa Rica) the Guanacasteca Sports Association
• 1976: in a well 1452 meters underground, in the U19e area of the Nevada atomic testing site (about 100 km northwest of the city of Las Vegas), at 11:15 (local time) United States detonates its 800 kt Muenster atomic bomb. It is the 861 bomb of 1132 that the United States detonated between 1945 and 1992.
• 1976: the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force at the UN (New York).
• 1979: The United States withdraws the nuclear weapon stored in Spain.
• 1980: in Portugal, Francisco de Sá Carneiro is elected head of government.
• 1981: in Paris the European Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters was created, among whose founding members are the Spanish Pedro Laín Entralgo, Federico Sopeña and Federico Mayor Zaragoza.
• 1987: Aretha Franklin becomes the first woman to enter the Rock Fame Hall.
• 1988: Margaret Thatcher becomes the first longest minister of the twentieth century.
• 1990: in Panama, President Manuel Noriega surrenders to American soldiers and is transferred to the United States.
• 1992: The United States officially establishes diplomatic relations with Russia.
• 1993: George Bush and Boris Yeltsin sign the START II nuclear disarmament agreement to reduce nuclear arsenals.
• 1994: In the Russian city of Irkutsk, an Aeroflot Tupolev TU-154 plane crashes after taking land, killing 125 people.
• 1997: The People ' s Republic of China announces that it will spend $27 700 million to combat erosion and pollution in the valleys of the Yangtze and Amarillo rivers.
• 1997: Miguel Induráin puts an end to his career.
• 1999: The United States launches the Polar Lander Sea, with which contact was lost shortly before landing.
• 2002: Israeli commands capture in the Red Sea a ship chartered by the ANP with 50 tons of weapons and explosives from Iran.
• 2004: In the Red Sea a Boeing 737 plane from the Egyptian company Flash Airlines crashes, dying its 148 passengers.
• 2006: The Internet reaches 1.1 billion users (one in seven people on the planet has access to the network).
• 2009: the genesis block is created and the Bitcoin decentralized monetary network is operational.
• 2012: Lima Metro opens its doors after 23 years.
• 2020: Air strike at Baghdad International Airport.

Births

• 106 B.C.: Marco Tulio Cicerón, philosopher and Roman statesman (f. 43 B.C.).
• 1604: James Balde, German poet (f. 1688).
• 1642: Diego Morcillo Rubio de Auñón, Spanish religious, virrey of Peru (f. 1730).
• 1719: Francisco José Freire, Portuguese historian (f. 1773).
• 1722: Fredric Hasselquist, Swedish naturalist (f. 1752).
• 1733: Sir Richard Arkwright, a British industrial and inventor (f. 1792).
• 1763: Joseph Fesch, French ecclesiastical (f. 1839).
• 1764: Juan Aldama, Mexican insurgent (f. 1811).
• 1782: El Pípila, insurgent Mexican (f. 1838).
• 1789: Carl Gustav Carus, German painter and mycologist (f. 1869).
• 1793: Lucretia Mott, American activist (f. 1880).
• 1806: Henriette Sontag, German soprano (f. 1854).
• 1810: Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie, French geographer (f. 1897).
• 1826: Joaquín Gatell and Folch, arabist, spy and Catalan explorer (f. 1879).
• 1840: Father Damián, a Belgian missionary (f. 1889).
• 1861: William Renshaw, British tennis player (f. 1904).
• 1865: Henry Lytton, actor and British opera singer (f. 1936).
• 1870: Genoveva Torres Morales, religious and holy Spanish (f. 1956).
• 1871: Jane Barnell, circus artist (f. ?)
• 1871: Daniel Alomía Robles, Peruvian composer and musicologist (f. 1942).
• 1874: Maurice Charles Pierre Langeron, French doctor (n. 1950).
• 1876: Wilhelm Pieck, President of the German Democratic Republic (f. 1960).
• 1876: Genovevo de la O, a Mexican revolutionary (f. 1952).
• 1879: Grace Coolidge, first lady of the United States (f. 1957).
• 1881: Marcel Georges Charles Petitmengin, American botanist (f. 1908).
• 1883: Clement Attlee, British politician (f. 1967).
• 1887: August Macke, German painter (f. 1914).
• 1888: Jacob Bolotin, the first blind doctor in the world with a license to practice medicine (f. 1924).

• 1892: J. R. Tolkien, linguist and British writer (f. 1973).
• 1894: ZaSu Pitts, American actress (f. 1963).
• 1895: José Pascual Vila, a Spanish chemist (f. 1979).
• 1897: Pola Negri, Polish actress with American nationality (f. 1987).
• 1897: Marion Davies, American actress (f. 1961).
• 1897: Carlos Keller, a Chilean fascist politician (f. 1974).
• 1898: Mikhail Petrov, Soviet military (f. 1941)
• 1901: Ngô Dinh Diêm, president of South Vietnam between 1955 and 1963 (f. 1963).
• 1901: Eric Voegelin, German philosopher.
• 1904: Boris Kojnó, Russian libretist (f. 1990).
• 1905: Ray Milland, an American film actor (f. 1986).
• 1905: Anna May Wong, Chinese actress (f. 1961).
• 1905: Luisa Carnés, writer and Spanish journalist of the 27th generation (f. 1964)
• 1906: Óscar Domínguez, Spanish surrealist painter (f. 1957).
• 1909: Victor Borge, a Danish comic (f. 2000).
• 1911: John Sturges, American filmmaker (f. 1989).
• 1915: Jack Levine, American painter (f. 2010).
• 1920: Renato Carosone, Italian singer (f. 2001).
• 1921: John Russell, American actor (f. 1991).
• 1922: Ronald Smith, British pianist (f. 2004).
• 1922: Bill Travers, English actor and director (f. 1994).
• 1924: André Franquin, a Belgian historietist (f. 1997).

George Martin

Robert Loggia

• 1925: Jill Balcon, English actress (f. 2009).
• 1926: George Martin, British musician and songwriter (The Beatles) (f. 2016).
• 1928: José Lladró, ceramist and Spanish businessman (f. 2019).
• 1929: Sergio Leone, Italian filmmaker (f. 1989).
• 1929: Ernst Mahle, Brazilian composer.
• 1930: Robert Loggia, American actor (f. 2015).
• 1932: Dabney Coleman, American actor.
• 1933: Juanito Belmonte, head of Argentine press (f. 2012).
• 1934: Carlos Muñoz, Colombian actor (f. 2016).
• 1936: Raúl Garello, bandoneonist, composer and director of Argentine tango.
• 1938: Francis Smith, Argentine musician and composer (f. 2009).
• 1939: Arik Einstein, Israeli singer, composer and actor (f. 2013).
• 1941: Delfim de Pádua Peixoto Filho, Brazilian lawyer and politician, victim of the accident of Flight 2933 of LaMia (f. 2016).
• 1941: Daniel Toro, singer, composer, Argentine folklorist
• 1941: Van Dyke Parks, American musician.
• 1944: Nazario Luque, a Spanish painter.
• 1945: Julio Lagos, Argentine journalist.
• 1945: Stephen Stills, American musician.
• 1946: John Paul Jones, British musician, of the band Led Zeppelin.
• 1946: Bernardo de la Maza, Chilean news host.

Principal Victoria

• 1947: Peter Chen, creator of the entity-relationship model.
• 1950: Victoria Principal, American actress.
• 1950: Vesna Vulovich, Serbian host, survivor of a free fall.
• 1951: Rosa Montero, Spanish journalist and writer.
• 1952: Esperanza Aguirre, Spanish politics.
• 1952: Gianfranco Fini, Italian politician.
• 1952: Jim Ross, American free fighter.
• 1953: Mohammed Waheed Hassan, former President of the Maldives.
• 1954: Ross the Boss, American guitarist.
• 1956: Eduardo Aliverti, journalist, locutor and Argentine teacher.
• 1956: Mel Gibson, American actor and filmmaker.
• 1958: Carles Francino, Spanish journalist.
• 1959: Rafael Arráiz Lucca, Venezuelan writer.
• 1959: José Luis Velasco, Spanish anarcho-syndicalist.
• 1960: Chang Sung Kim, an Argentine actor of Korean origin.
• 1962: Manolo Lama, a Spanish journalist.
• 1962: Gavin Hastings, Scottish rugby player.
• 1963: Marta Calvó, Spanish actress.
• 1963: Vic Grimes, American fighter.
• 1964: Bruce LaBruce, writer, filmmaker and Canadian photographer.
• 1965: Luis Sojo, Venezuelan baseball player and coach.

Michael Schumacher

• 1969: Michael Schumacher, German Formula 1 pilot.
• 1969: Antonio Birabent, Argentine actor and musician.
• 1969: Adrián Dárgelos, Argentine singer, of the band Babasónicos.
• 1969: Rossy War, Peruvian singer and composer.
• 1971: Iván Espinosa de los Monteros, Spanish real estate and political promoter.
• 1973: Pablo Sanchez, Argentine former footballer.
• 1973: Sandro Finoglio, actor, animator, model, Mister Venezuela 1997 and Mister Mundo 1998.
• 1973: Antonio Filippini, Italian footballer.
• 1973: Pepín Banzo, Spanish musician.
• 1974: Alessandro Petacchi, Italian cyclist.
• 1974: Fran Rivera, Spanish bullfighter.
• 1975: Thomas Bangalter, French musician, from the Daft Punk band.
• 1975: Danica McKellar, American actress.
• 1976: Daniel Hendler, Uruguayan actor.
• 1976: Angelos Basinas, Greek footballer.
• 1977: Stéphane Pignol, French footballer.
• 1979: Adriano Vieira Louzada, Brazilian footballer.

Florence Pugh

• 1982: José María Dols Samper, Spanish bullfighter.
• 1982: Luca Garri, Italian basketball player.
• 1983: Katie McGrath, Irish actress.
• 1986: Lloyd, American singer.
• 1986: Nataly Umaña, Colombian actress and model.
• 1987: Kim Ok-bin, South Korean actress and singer.
• 1989: Jordi Masip, Spanish footballer.
• 1991: Kaye Coppoolse, Dutch footballer.
• 1992: Marco Migliorini, Italian footballer.
• 1994: Michaël Heylen, Belgian footballer.
• 1994: Frankie Adams, New Zealand actress of Samoan origin
• 1995: Jisoo, South Korean actress and singer, member of the Blackpink group.
• 1995: Paddy Pimblett, English mixed martial artist.
• 1995: Seolhyun, member of the AOA group.
• 1996: Florence Pugh, British actress.
• 1997: Carlos Alberto Rodríguez, Mexican footballer.
• 1997: Dmitriy Bessmertny, Belarusian footballer.
• 1998: Patrick Cutrone, Italian footballer.
• 1999: Amaia Romero, Spanish singer.
• 2000: Leandro Barreiro, Luxembourg footballer.
• 2001: Erick Colón, Cuban singer.
• 2001: Mikkel Kaufmann, Danish footballer.
• 2002: Nicolás González Iglesias, Spanish footballer.
• 2002: Hans Høllsberg, Danish footballer.
• 2003: Greta Thunberg, Swedish environmental activist.

Deaths

• 303-310: Clement of Ankara, Bishop and Galatian Christian martyr (n. 250).
• 236: Antero, papa and saint of the Catholic Church.
• 1322: Philip V the Largo, French king (n. 1293).
• 1437: Catherine of Valois, wife of Henry V of England (n. 1401).
• 1543: Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, military and Portuguese explorer.
• 1641: Jeremiah Horrocks, English astronomer (n. 1618).
• 1670: George Monck, Duke and British Soldier (n. 1608).
• 1779: Claude Bourgelat, French veterinarian (n. 1712).
• 1785: Baldassare Galuppi, Italian composer (n. 1706).
• 1795: Josiah Wedgwood, English ceramist (n. 1730).
• 1826: Louis Gabriel Suchet, French marshal (n. 1770).
• 1838: Maximilian of Saxony, noble Saxon (n. 1759).
• 1868: Moritz Hauptmann, German composer, teacher and musical theorist (n. 1792).
• 1875: Pierre Athanase Larousse, grammar, lexicographer and French encyclopaedist (n. 1817).
• 1882: William Harrison Ainsworth, English novelist (n. 1805).
• 1903: Alois Hitler, father of Adolf Hitler (n. 1837).
• 1911: Alexandros Papadiamantis, Greek writer (n. 1851).
• 1923: Jaroslav Hašek, Czech novelist (n. 1883).

Felipe Carrillo Puerto

• 1924: Felipe Carrillo Puerto, politician, journalist and Mexican revolutionary leader (n. 1874)
• 1927: Carle David Tolmé Runge, German physicist (n. 1856).
• 1931: Joseph Joffre, French military (n. 1852).
• 1933: Wilhelm Cuno, German chancellor (n. 1876).
• 1933: Jack Pickford, American actor (n. 1896).
• 1936: Jorge Gibson Brown, football player and Argentine cricket player (n. 1880).
• 1945: Edgar Cayce, American healer (n. 1877).
• 1946: William Joyce, American Nazi propagandist (n. 1906).
• 1950: Emil Jannings, German actor (n. 1884).
• 1956: Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian composer (n. 1864).
• 1956: Joseph Wirth, Chancellor and German politician (n. 1876).
• 1958: Carlos Vaz Ferreira, a Uruguayan philosopher (n. 1872).
• 1966: Marguerite Higgins, journalist and U.S. war correspondent (n. 1920)
• 1967: Mary Garden, Scottish singer (n. 1874).
• 1967: Jack Ruby, murderer of Lee Harvey Oswald (n. 1911).
• 1969: Jean Focas, German astronomer (n. 1909).
• 1972: Frans Masereel, Belgian artist and pacifist (n. 1889).
• 1974: Gino Cervi, Italian actor (n. 1901).
• 1979: Conrad Hilton, American hotelier (n. 1887).
• 1980: Joy Adamson, Czech naturalist (n. 1910).
• 1980: Canito, Spanish drummer, of the band Los Secretos (n. 1959).
• 1980: Lucien Buysse, Belgian cyclist (n. 1892).
• 1987: Rodolfo Kuhn, Argentine filmmaker (n. 1934).
• 1989: Sergéi Sóbolev, Russian mathematician (n. 1909).
• 1992: Judith Anderson, American actress (n. 1897).
• 2000: José Antonio Fernández Ordóñez, Spanish engineer (n. 1933).
• 2002: Juan García Esquivel, Mexican composer (n. 1918).
• 2003: José María Gironella, Spanish writer (n. 1917).
• 2003: Peter Sutermeister, Swiss lawyer, writer and libretist (n. 1916).
• 2003: Monique Wittig, French author and feminist theoretical author (n. 1935).
• 2005: Néstor Ibarra, Argentine journalist (n. 1938).
• 2005: Will Eisner, American hysterist (n. 1917).
• 2007: Sergio Jiménez, Mexican actor (n. 1937).
• 2008: Milt Dunnell, Canadian sports journalist (n. 1905).
• 2008: Matías Catrileo, a Chilean student (n. 1985).
• 2008: Henri Chopin, a leading French poet and musician (n. 1922).
• 2009: Luca Gelfi, Italian cyclist (n. 1966).
• 2009: Pat Hingle, American actor (n. 1923).
• 2010: Mary Daly, theologian, academic and radical American feminist (n. 1928).
• 2010: Gustavo Becerra Schmidt, Chilean musician and composer (n.1925).
• 2011: Luisito Martí, humorist, singer, musician and Dominican actor (n. 1945).
• 2012: Vicar, Chilean historietist (n. 1934).
• 2013: Marianne Grunberg-Manago, French biochemistry (n. 1921).
• 2013: Patty Shepard, American actress (n. 1945).
• 2013: Burry Willie Stander, South African cyclist (n. 1987).
• 2014: Phil Everly, American singer (n. 1939).
• 2015: Edward Brooke, American politician (n. 1919).
• 2016: Walter Ferreira, a national kinesiologist and the Uruguayan selection of Football (n. 1951).
• 2016: Paul Bley, pianist and Canadian jazz composer (n. 1932).
• 2019: Radamel García, Colombian ex-futbolist (n. 1957).
• 2020: Iranian military Qasem Soleimani (n. 1957).
• 2020: Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, Iraqi military (n. 1954).
• 2020: Mónica Echeverría, a Chilean writer and activist (n. 1920).
• 2021: Manola Robles, Chilean journalist (n. 1948)
• 2021: Gerry Marsden, British musician and singer (n. 1942)
• 2023: Elena Huelva, activist and Spanish influencer (n. 2002)

Celebrations

• ColombiaColombia: Second day of the Carnival of Black and White, Carnival, in Pasto.
• Weather rain: the maximum date of the Cuadrántidas rain.

Catholic saints list

Christogram IHS, Temple window Saint Luke, Danviell Ohio

• Most Holy Name of Jesus.
• Saint Antero, Pope (f. 236).
• Saints Teopempo and Teonas of Nicomedia, martyrs (f. c. 304).
• San Gordio de Cesarea, centurion and martyr (f. 304).
• San Daniel de Padua, deacon and martyr (f. c. 304).
• San Theogen of Parios, martyr (f. 320).
• Saint Florencio de Vienne, bishop (f. c. 377).
• Saint Genoveva of Paris, virgin (f. c. 500).
• Saint Luciano of Lentini, bishop (s. X).
• Beato Ciriaco Elías Chevara, priest and founder (f. 1871).