January 16

January 16 is the 16th (16th or 16th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 349 days to the end of the year and 350 in leap years.

Events

• 27 B.C.: The Senate grants Cayo Julio César Octaviano the name of Augustus.
• 929: In Spain, Abderramán III is proclaimed the caliph of Cordoba.
• 1219: In the west of Frisia and Groningen the "first flood of the Day of Saint Marcelo" takes place, which drowns some 36 000 people.
• 1362: second and worst day of the storm in the North Sea (second flood of the Day of Saint Marcelo) sweeping the Netherlands, England and northern Germany causing between 40 000 and 100,000 deaths.
• 1493: In the Caribbean, Christopher Columbus recognizes several Bahamas, the eastern part of Cuba and northern Haiti.
• 1547: In Russia, Ivan the Terrible proclaims himself tsar.
• 1556: In Spain, Carlos I gave his son Felipe II the crown of Castile and Aragon.
• 1605: in Madrid (Spain) the first edition of The ingenious hydalgo Don Quixote de La Mancha.
• 1644: In Colombia, an earthquake devastated the village of Pamplona.
• 1707: In Scotland, the Act of the Union with England is adopted in Parliament, and in this way a new State emerges, to which the name of Britain is given.
• 1716: in Madrid, Spain, the New Plant Decree for the Principality of Catalonia is promulgated, thus remaining the laws of the territory removed and replaced by those of the Kingdom of Castilla.
• 1791: in France the National Gendarmerie is created.
• 1809: In Spain, the French army of Napoleon defeats the British army in La Coruña.
• 1834: in Spain, the establishment of the judicial division of the country.
• 1856: Austria and Russia sign a bilateral agreement during the Russian-Turkish war.
• 1861: in Spain the submarine telegraphic communication between the peninsula and the Balearic Islands begins to work.
• 1869: in Mexico, President Benito Juárez creates by decree the state of Hidalgo.
• 1891: In the United States, the last revolt of the dakota Indians is overcome.
• 1902: Germany obtains the concession to build the Konia-Bagdad railway in the Ottoman Empire.
• 1902: In the UK, physiologists William Maddock Bayliss and Ernest Henry Starling discovered in the duodenum the hormone called secretine.
• 1906: the Conference of Algeciras begins in Spain to solve the so-called first crisis of Morocco facing France with Germany. In addition to these countries, Spain and the United Kingdom participated.
• 1908: in the city of Chicago (United States), workers on strike organize serious tumults.
• 1909: Ernest Shackleton's expedition claims to have reached the southern magnetic pole (but the registered location may be incorrect).
• 1912: In China, the head of government Yuan Shikai is illiterate in a bomb attack.
• 1914: In Russia, the poet Máximo Gorki is authorized to return to his country after eight years of exile.
• 1915: In Mexico, General Eulalio Gutiérrez Ortiz, after being manipulated by the troops of Pancho Villa, decided to leave the capital on January 16, 1915 and to transfer his government to San Luis Potosí, where he declared Villa and Venustiano Carranza traitors of the "revolutionary spirit" and formally resigned to office on June 2, 1915.
• 1916: In the Caucasus (Russia) a great offensive against the Turks begins.
• 1919: In Poland the Constituent Assembly confirms pianist Ignacy Jan Paderewski as head of government.
• 1919: In Europe, the allies extended the armistice with Germany until February 16.
• 1924: In Querétaro, Mexico, there are bloody clashes between Huerta and Calles supporters.
• 1928: In Havana, Cuba, the VI Pan American Conference was opened, where the Code of Private International Law was adopted.
• 1929: Paraguay informs Bolivia that all Paraguayan forces have been demobilized.
• 1941: In the Second World War, the Nazi air strikes against Malta began, with the beginning of the war in the Mediterranean.
• 1941: Chile and Bolivia sign a non-aggression pact.
• 1943: in Germany, the first allied air strike against Berlin since the end of 1941.
• 1944: In the United Kingdom, U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower arrives in London to head the troops that will fight in Europe in the Second World War.
• 1946: In the UK, the Spanish prodigy boy Arturo Pomar wins the London chess tournament.
• 1952: Mexico creates the state of Baja California.
• 1956: in Egypt, by constitutional mandate, Islam becomes the official religion.
• 1957: In the United States, reaction planes carry out the first flight of circumvalence of the world without scales.
• 1961: in Manizales, Colombia, the soccer team Eleven Caldas is consolidated.
• 1962: In the Dominican Republic, a coup deposes the president, Joaquín Balaguer, and establishes a Government Board for 48 hours.
• 1966: in Havana, Cuba, the 27 Latin American delegations participating in the First Tricontinental Conference agree – on the initiative of the Chilean socialist Salvador Allende – the creation of the Latin American Solidarity Organization (OLAS), which calls the Latin American peoples to "make the Andes mountain range a gigantic Sierra Maestra tricontinental".
• 1968: in Guatemala, a state of emergency following the death of two American military personnel in a guerrilla attack.
• 1969: in Prague, Czechoslovakia, the student Jan Palach is set on fire at Wenceslas Square, in protest at the Soviet occupation of his country and the suppression of individual liberties.
• 1969: The USSR successfully carried out the first maneuvering of two manned spacecraft.
• 1970: In La Paz (Bolivia) there are great demonstrations to support President Alfredo Ovando Candía.
• 1971: in Chile, an attempt to assassinate socialist president Salvador Allende fails.
• 1973: In Spain, a command of the Basque terrorist band ETA kidnapped the industrialist Felipe Huarte in Pamplona.
• 1975: in Portugal, the agreement for the independence of Angola is signed in Lisbon.
• 1975: in Chile, Cardinal Raúl Silva Henríquez suffered an attack in Chile.
• 1979: the Shah of Iran, Mohamed Reza Pahlevi, part of exile.
• 1984 in Catalonia, Spain, after 5 months and 6 days in tests, starts regular programming in Catalan of TV3.
• 1985: In Israel, the government decides to withdraw its troops from Lebanon in three phases.
• 1987: in China, Hu Yaobang resigns, secretary of the Chinese Communist Party. He replaces Zhao Ziyang.
• 1989: The United Nations Security Council unanimously approves the plan for the independence of Namibia and requests the South African Government to reduce its military presence in that territory.
• 1991: In Washington DC, President George H. W. Bush orders the beginning of the Gulf War with the Desert Storm operation. Start of the aerial bombings on Baghdad.
• 1992: The Peace Agreements between the Government of El Salvador and the FMLN guerrillas that end with twelve years of civil war in that country are signed at the Chapultepec Castle in Mexico.
• 2001: in the Galapagos Islands, the vessel Jessica is moving in front of Puerto Baquerizo Moreno.
• 2003: from Cabo Cañaveral takes off the Columbia space shuttle, which will be destroyed in the re-entry 16 days later.
• 2005: In Spain the Aída series is premiered in Telecinco.
• 2006: Adam Copeland wins its first WWE Championship.
• 2015: After 12 years disappeared in Mars, the European space probe Beagle 2 is found with the help of images taken by NASA's Reconnaissance Orbiter Sea.

Births

• 1245: Edmundo de Lancaster, aristocrat and English politician (f. 1296).

Renato I.

• 1409: Renato I, Neapolitan king (f. 1480).
• 1500: Antonio Musa Brassavola, physicist, physician and botanist Italian (f. 1554).
• 1562: Juan de Torres Osorio, Spanish religious (f. 1633).
• 1616: Francisco de Beaufort, French aristocrat (f. 1669).
• 1675: Louis de Rouvroy, Duke of Saint-Simon, French writer (f. 1755).
• 1728: Niccolò Piccinni, Italian composer (f. 1800).
• 1733: Jean Baptiste Antoine Suard, French writer (f. 1817).
• 1745: Antonio José de Cavanilles, botanist and Spanish scientist (f. 1804).
• 1749: Vittorio Alfieri, playwright and Italian poet (f. 1803).
• 1763: François Joseph Talma, director and French actor (f. 1836).
• 1821: John C. Breckinridge, American political and military (f. 1875).
• 1826: Mariano Escobedo, Mexican military and political (f. 1902).
• 1838: Franz Brentano, German philosopher (f. 1917).
• 1853: André Michelin, industrial and inventor French (f. 1931).
• 1870: Aurelio Cabrera Gallardo, sculptor, teacher, illustrator and Spanish archaeologist (f. 1936).
• 1872: Edward Gordon Craig, British theatre director (f. 1966).

Leonor Michaelis.

• 1875: Leonor Michaelis, German biochemical and physical (f. 1947).
• 1877: Marcelo Adrián Obregón, a Spanish military and one of the last of the Philippines (f. 1939).
• 1882: Ernestina Lecuona, composer, pianist and Cuban teacher (f. 1951).
• 1893: Vsévolod Pudovkin, Russian filmmaker
• 1885: Práxedis W. Caballero, Mexican military (f. 1940).
• 1897: Carlos Pellicer, Mexican writer and poet (f. 1977).
• 1898: Irving Rapper, American filmmaker
• 1900: Pepe Arias, Argentine actor (f. 1967).
• 1900: Edith Frank-Holländer, German personality, mother of Anne Frank (f. 1945).

Fulgencio Batista.

• 1901: Fulgencio Batista, militar y politician cubano, president of Cuba between 1940-1944 and 1952-1959 (f. 1973).
• 1901: Rosita Quiroga, singer and Argentine tango (f. 1984).
• 1901: Frank Zamboni, American inventor (f. 1988).
• 1902: Eric Liddell, British athlete (f. 1945).
• 1903: Eduardo Braun-Menéndez, an Argentine physiologist born in Chile (f. 1959).
• 1905: Ernesto Halffter, Spanish composer (f. 1989).

Eduardo Frei Montalva.

• 1911: Eduardo Frei Montalva, Chilean politician, president of Chile between 1964 and 1970 (f. 1982).
• 1911: Roberto Quiroga, tango singer and Argentine actor (n. 1965).
• 1912: Fernando Benítez, Mexican writer and journalist (f. 2000).
• 1914: Ralph Pappier, an Argentine filmmaker of Chinese origin (f. 1998).
• 1917: Giorgio Colli, philosopher and Italian historian (f. 1979).
• 1918: Marcelo González Martín, Spanish cardinal (f. 2004).
• 1920: Josep Gonzalvo, Spanish footballer (f. 1978).
• 1924: Eugenio Giner, Spanish hysterist (f. 1994).
• 1924: Francisco Panchito Hernández, Mexican footballer (f. 2011).

Katy Jury.

• 1924: Katy Jurado, Mexican actress (f. 2002).
• 1926: Tandarica, actor and Argentine humorist of Romanian origin (f. 1995).
• 1928: Pilar Lorengar, Spanish soprano (f. 1996).
• 1928: Amelita Vargas, Cuban actress and dancer (f. 2019).
• 1930: Rogelio Groba, Spanish musician and composer (f. 2022).

Johannes Rau.

• 1931: Johannes Rau, German politician, president of Germany between 1999 and 2004 (f. 2006).
• 1932: Dian Fossey, American Zoologist (f. 1985).
• 1932: Mike Ribas, pianist, arranger and Argentine composer of Spanish origin (f. 2009).
• 1933: Julio Medina, Colombian actor.
• 1933: Susan Sontag, American writer (f. 2004).
• 1934: Marilyn Horne, American mezzosoprano.
• 1935: A. J. Foyt, pilot and owner of U.S. motor racing equipment.
• 1936: Mario Sánchez, Argentine actor and humorist (f. 2007).
• 1939: Ralph Gibson, American photographer.
• 1940: Roberto Roena, salsa dancer and Puerto Rican bongocero (f. 2021).
• 1940: Franz Müntefering, German politician.
• 1942: Nicole Fontaine, French politics (f. 2018).
• 1942: René Angélil, Canadian singer (f. 2016).
• 1943: Brian Ferneyhough, British composer.
• 1944: Jill Tarter, American astronomer.
• 1945: Betty Missiego, Spanish singer.
• 1946: Kabir Bedi, Indian actor.
• 1948: John Carpenter, American filmmaker.
• 1948: Gregor Gysi, German politician.
• 1949: Jorge Velasco Mackenzie, Ecuadorian writer (f. 2021).
• 1950: Debbie Allen, American actress and choreographer.
• 1952: Fuad II, an Egyptian aristocrat, king between 1952 and 1953.
• 1954: Morten Peter Meldal, Danish chemical, nobel chemistry award 2022.
• 1954: Pedro Mari Sánchez, Spanish actor.
• 1956: Mohamed Ali Rashwan, Egyptian york.
• 1956: Martin Jol, a Dutch soccer player and coach.
• 1957: Ricardo Darín, an Argentine actor.
• 1958: Anatoli Boukreev, Russian climber (f. 1997).
• 1958: Paolo el Roquero (Jorge Montejo), Argentine actor and comic.
• 1958: Tony Pulis, British footballer and coach.
• 1959: Ramón María Calderé, footballer and Spanish football coach.
• 1959: Sade Adu, a British singer of Nigerian origin.
• 1960: Luis de Guindos, Spanish economist and politician.
• 1961: José Manuel Ochotorena, Spanish footballer.
• 1963: James May, co-presenter of the British program of the Top Gear band.
• 1966: Miguel Ángel Mancera, Mexican politician.
• 1966: Carlos Sousa, Portuguese rally driver.
• 1967: Alberto Puig, Spanish motorcycle pilot.
• 1969: Max Cachimba, historietist and Argentine plastic artist.
• 1969: Dead (Per Yngve Ohlin), Swedish singer of the Mayhem band (f. 1991).
• 1969: Roy Jones Junior, American boxer.
• 1969: Cruz Pérez Cuéllar, Mexican politician.
• 1970: Garth Ennis, Irish hysterist.
• 1971: Sergi Bruguera, Spanish tennis player.
• 1971: Armando Ribeiro, Spanish footballer.
• 1971: Francisco Pérez-Bannen, Chilean actor
• 1974: Kate Moss, British model.
• 1974: Juan Jacinto Muñoz Rengel, Spanish writer.
• 1974: Àngel Llàcer, actor, showman and Spanish presenter.
• 1974: Lisa M, Puerto Rican singer.
• 1974: Mattias Jonson, Swedish footballer.
• 1974: Mónica García Gómez, anesthetist and Spanish politics.
• 1975: Joe Fernández, astrologer, singer, businessman and Argentine writer.
• 1977: Jeff Foster, American basketball player.
• 1977: Ariel Zeevi, Israeli yudoca.
• 1978: Manskee, Filipino singer.
• 1978: Koldo Gil, Spanish cyclist.
• 1979: Aaliyah, American singer (f. 2001).
• 1979: Mark Anthony Fernández, Filipino actor.
• 1979: Erik Korchaguin, Russian footballer.
• 1980: Seydou Keita, a Malian footballer.
• 1980: Albert Pujols, Dominican baseball player.
• 1980: Michelle Wild, Hungarian actress.
• 1980: Lin-Manuel Miranda, American composer and actor.
• 1981: Bobby Zamora, British footballer.
• 1981: Nick Valensi, American guitarist of the band The Strokes.
• 1981: Aruna, American singer.
• 1981: David García de la Cruz, Spanish footballer.
• 1982: Jonathan Fabbro, Argentine footballer.
• 1983: Emanuel Pogatetz, Austrian footballer.
• 1983: Andriy Rusol, Ukrainian footballer.
• 1984: Stephan Lichtsteiner, Swiss footballer.
• 1985: Pablo Zabaleta, Argentine footballer.
• 1985: Julio Barroso, Argentine soccer player.
• 1986: Gustavo Rodas, Argentine footballer.
• 1986: Paula Pareto, yudoca argentina.
• 1986: Milan Škoda, Czech footballer.
• 1986: Reto Ziegler, Swiss footballer.
• 1987: Angel Karamoy, Indonesian singer.
• 1987: Greivis Vásquez, Venezuelan basketball player.
• 1988: Nicklas Bendtner, Danish footballer.
• 1988: FKA twigs, British singer.
• 1989: Agustín Laje, writer, political scientist and Argentine lecturer.
• 1992: Pablo Corral, Chilean footballer.
• 1993: WRS, Romanian singer known by Eurovision 2022 Song Festival.
• 1996: Enzo Copetti, Argentine footballer.
• 1996: Zhou Qi, Chinese basketball player.
• 1996: Jennie, rapper and South Korean singer, member of the Blackpink group.
• 1997: Pau Torres, Spanish footballer.
• 1998: Seungkwan, South Korean singer, member of the SEVENTEEN group.
• 1998: Iona Fyfe, Scottish singer.

Deaths

• 309: Marcelo I, Catholic Pope between 308 and 309 (n.?).
• 399: Nintoku, 16th Japanese emperor (n. 313).
• 1391: Muhammad V of Granada, sultan of Granada (n. 1339).
• 1606: Baltasar del Alcázar, Spanish poet (n. 1530).
• 1710: Higashiyama, 113th Japanese emperor (n. 1675).
• 1794: Edward Gibbon, British historian (n. 1737).
• 1809: John Moore, British General (n. 1761).
• 1846: José María Calatrava, politician and Spanish jurist (n. 1781).
• 1879: Lorenzo Salvi, Italian tenor (n. 1810).
• 1883: Antonio López y López, naviero español (n. 1817).
• 1885: Edmond About, French writer (n. 1828).
• 1891: Léo Delibes, French composer (n. 1836).
• 1901: Arnold Böcklin, Swiss painter (n. 1827).
• 1916: Lindor Pérez Gacitúa, Chilean military (n. 1854).
• 1919: Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, a Brazilian politician (n. 1848).
• 1938: Sharat Chandra Chattopadhyay, Indian novelist in the Bengali language (n. 1876).
• 1942: Carole Lombard, American actress (n. 1908).
• 1950: Gustav Krupp, industrial and financial German (n. 1870).
• 1957: Arturo Toscanini, director of Italian orchestra (n. 1867).

Sofia Casanova

• 1958: Sofia Casanova, journalist, poet and novelist, first Spanish permanent correspondent in a foreign country and war correspondent (n.1851)
• 1959: Eduardo Braun-Menéndez, Argentine physiologist (n. 1903).
• 1962: Emilio Madero, Mexican military (n. 1880).
• 1967: Robert J. Van de Graaff, American physicist (n. 1901).
• 1969: Vernon Duke, American singer (n. 1903).
• 1970: Francisco Cossío, Spanish painter (n. 1898).
• 1971: Philippe Thijs, Belgian cyclist (n. 1890).
• 1972: Gregorio Modrego, Spanish priest (n. 1890).
• 1973: Nellie Yu Roung Ling, Chinese dancer (n. 1889).
• 1979: Ted Cassidy, American actor (n. 1932).
• 1980: Benjamin Palencia, a Spanish painter (n. 1894).
• 1981: Bernard Lee, British actor (n. 1908).
• 1982: Ramón J. Sender, Spanish writer (n. 1901).
• 1986: Jean Cassou, French writer and hypnist (n. 1897).
• 1987: María Dhialma Tiberti, an Argentine writer (n. 1928).
• 1993: Glenn Corbett, American actor (n. 1933).
• 1993: Jón Páll Sigmarsson, Icelandic halterophile (n. 1960).
• 2001: Laurent-Désiré Kabila, guerrilla, political and Congolese president between 1997 and 2001 (n. 1939).
• 2002: Alfonso del Real, Spanish actor (n. 1916).
• 2004: Melchor Angel Posse, a doctor and an Argentine politician (n. 1932).
• 2005: Agustín González, Spanish actor (n. 1930).
• 2007: Bo Yibo, Chinese politician (n. 1908).
• 2007: Rudolf August Oetker, German businessman (n. 1917).
• 2008: Pierre Lambert, a French politician (n. 1920).
• 2009: Andrew Wyeth, American Artist (n. 1917).
• 2011: Alcides Silveira, Uruguayan footballer (n. 1938).
• 2011: Augusto Algueró, composer, arranger and director of Spanish orchestra (n. 1934).
• 2012: Juan Carlos Pérez López, Spanish footballer (n. 1945).
• 2012: Gustav Leonhardt, filmmaker, musicologist and orchestra director (n. 1928).
• 2013: Noé Hernández, withered and Mexican Olympic medalist (n. 1978).
• 2014: Russell Johnson, American actor (n. 1924).
• 2017: Gene Cernan, naval aviator, aviation engineer, combat pilot and American astronaut (n. 1934)
• 2018: Jo Jo White, American basketball player (n. 1946).
• 2019: John Bogle, investor, business magnate and American philanthropist (n. 1929).
• 2020: Efraín Sánchez (El Caimán), a Colombian footballer and technical director (n. 1926).
• 2021: Phil Spector, American musician and producer (n. 1939).
• 2022: Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, Malian politician, president of Mali between 2013 and 2020 (n. 1945).

Celebrations

• AngolaAngola: Independence Day.
• BeninBenin: Martyr's Day.
• SpainSpain: Festival of San Fulgencio, Patrono de la Diocese de Cartagena.
• United States: Prohibition Remembrance Day.
• Russia Russia: Russian Winter Festival.
• El SalvadorEl Salvador: Commemoration of the signing of the Peace Agreements.
• Buddhism: Shinran.

Catholic saints list

• Saint Marcelo I, Pope (309).
• San Danacto or Danax de Aulona, martyr (s. inc.).
• Saint Melas de Rinocorurua, bishop (c. 390).
• Saint Honorate of Arles, bishop (429).
• Saint James of Tarantasia, Bishop (s. V).
• St Titian of Oderzo, bishop (s. V).
• San Leobato de Sennevières, abad (s. V).
• San Triverio de Dombes, presbyter and eremite (c. 550).
• San Furseo de Lagny, abad (1105).
• Saints Berardo, Oton, Peter, Acursio and Aiuto of Marrakech, martyrs (1226).
• Beato José Vaz, priest (1711).
• beato José Antonio Tovini (1897).
• Blessed Juana María Condesa Lluch, virgin (1916).