January 1

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January 1 is the 1.ᵉʳ (first) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 364 days left to finish the year and 365 in leap years, it is also the first of the first semester (January-June) of each year. In the Julian calendar it began to be the first day of the year in 153 BC. C.

During the Middle Ages, under the influence of the Catholic Church, many Western European countries decided to move the beginning of the year to one of several important Christian holidays: December 25 (the Nativity of Jesus), March, March 25 (the Annunciation), or even Easter. The Byzantine Empire began the year on September 1.

In England, January 1 was celebrated as the New Year's festival, but from the 12th century until 1752 the year in England began on March 25 (Lady's Day). Thus, for example, the parliamentary record indicates that the execution of Carlos I occurred on January 30, 1648 (since the year did not end until March 24), although modern histories adjust the beginning of the year to January 1 and they record the execution as occurring in 1649.

Most Western European countries changed the beginning of the year to January 1 before adopting the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the beginning of the Scottish New Year to January 1 in 1600. England, Ireland, and the British colonies changed the beginning of the year to January 1 in 1752. Later that year in September, the Gregorian calendar was introduced into all of Great Britain and the British colonies. These two reforms were implemented by the Calendar (New Style) Act of 1750.

Events

45 a. C.: the Julian calendar enters into force in Rome.
42 a. C.: Julius Caesar's posthumous deification by the Roman Senate.
69: Proclamation of the emperor of Vitelio by the Roman legions of Germania Superior after refusing to oath of allegiance to Galba.
193: Emperor Comfort is declared an enemy of Rome by the Roman Senate.
404: in Rome the last known competition between gladiators takes place. According to the legend, in the year 391 St.Telemaco had been killed by the crowd as he tried to interrupt the fight, and the Christian Roman Emperor Honorius had abolished gladiator fights.
630: The prophet Mohammed is addressing Mecca with his army and capturing it without shedding blood.
990: The Rus of Kiev adopts the Julian calendar.
1000: according to a historiographic myth on this date broad sectors of the European population believed that this day would happen the end of the world (millenarian apocalypse) when the thousand years of the birth of Jesus Christ, so there were riots and there were massive pilgrimages to Jerusalem to die in the Holy Land. It is now known that such events did not happen whose story dates back to the Renaissance and was popularized by the historians of the nineteenth century.
1001: in Prague (principle of Hungary), Pope Silvestre II crowns Stephen I as the first king of Hungary.
1259: in Nicea, Miguel VIII Paleologists is proclaimed co-emperator with his partner Juan IV Ducas Láscaris.
1369: Louis II the Good, Duke of Bourbon, institutes the Order of the Golden Shield.
1432: In the city of Granada, Spain, Yusuf IV is proclaimed Sultan after a popular uprising that destroys Muhammad IX.
1438: In Hungary, Albert II of Habsburg is crowned king.
1501: a date traditionally considered to be the end of the printed books called unqualified.
1502: In South America, Américo Vespucio discovers the bay of Guanabara, where then Rio de Janeiro was founded.
1504: In Italy, the Spanish army entered Gaeta, thus ending the war that confronted France and Spain by Naples.
1515: King Francis I accedes to the throne.
1527: In the parliament of Cetin, the Croatian aristocrats elect Fernando I of Habsburg as king.
1540: in Peru, Pedro de Valdivia began his expedition to Chile. It leaves Cusco with a small group of Spaniards and few indigenous people. Inés de Suárez, the first woman to register her name in the history of Chile, accompanied him.
1567: in Granada, Spain, Felipe II publishes a pragmatic against the uprising attitude of the Moors, origin of the war of the Alpujarras.
1574: In Bolivia, the Spanish conqueror Santiago Barba de Padilla founded the city of Oropesa, which since 1786 was called Cochabamba.
1600: Scotland begins to use the Julian calendar.
1606: The first exhibition of Arts and Industries is held in Santiago de Chile. The pottery, the tanning and the hemp twist were represented.
1651: In Scotland, Charles II is crowned king.
1652: In Germany, the physicist Johann Lorenz Bausch founded the Naturae Curiosorum Academy.
1660: Samuel Pepys starts writing his diary.
1673: Between New York and Boston the regular mail begins to work.
1700: Russia begins to use the Julian calendar.
1707: In Portugal, John V is crowned king.
1722: the Gaceta of Mexico, the first newspaper in Latin America, is published.
1727: In the Charité in Berlin (Germany), an obstetrics unit is created with an “independent room where licensive women are accommodated shortly before childbirth”.
1739: French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier discovers Bouvet Island.
1764: In Russia, the Catherine II zarine orders the confiscation of the property of the Church.
1772: In London, traveller checks are issued for the first time, which can be used in 90 European cities.
1776: In France, musketeers are suppressed.
1778: In the Viceroy of the Rio de la Plata, the Viceroy Pedro de Cevallos founded the Pago de Matanza and Pozos.
1788: The first issue of the newspaper is published in London The Times.
1791: in Lima (Peru) the first number of the Peruvian Mercury.
1797: Albany replaces New York as the capital of New York.
1800: the Dutch Company of the East Indies is dissolved.
1801: The legal union of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland formed by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland is completed.
1801: the Lombard monk Giuseppe Piazzi (1746-1826) discovers the first asteroid: Ceres.
1804: Jean-Jacques Dessalines proclaims the independence of Haiti, resurrecting the ancient indigenous name of the island.
1806: In France, Napoleon I repeals the republican calendar and restores the Gregorian.
1808: The import of slaves is prohibited in the United States.
1809: In Buenos Aires Martín de Álzaga heads a sound to remove the viceroy Santiago de Liniers.
1818: Mary Shelley’s “Frankenstein” is published.
1818: The proclamation of the Chilean Independence Act is dated in Concepción
1820: In Spain, Lieutenant-Colonel Rafael de Riego is subservient in Las Cabezas de San Juan against the monarchical absolutism of Fernando VII and proclaims the Constitution of 1812.
1821: the Belem Board was born, the first precedent of the independence of Brazil
1826: In the State of Mexico, Naucalpan becomes a municipality.
1830: William I, king of Wurtemberg established the Order of Frederick.
1833: The United Kingdom proclaims its sovereignty over the Malvinas Islands.
1841: In Honduras, the first president of the Republic, General Francisco Ferrera, took office.
1845, Wednesday: The Philippines adapts to the Gregorian calendar, so yesterday was Monday, December 30, 1844 (Tuesday, December 31, did not exist).
1850: A new system of mail with adhesive stamps is established in Spain.
1857: In Chile, the new Civil Code is governed.
1860: Spanish victory in the Battle of Castillejos.
1863: In the United States the Proclamation of Emancipation for slaves enters into force in confederate territory.
1865: Chile establishes the decimal metric system as an official measure system in the country.
1865: foundation of the Nottingham Forest Football Club.
1867: Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel gets dynamite industrially for the first time.
1871: In Buenos Aires, Argentina, the Argentine Civil Code, drawn up by Dalmacio Vélez Sarsfield, enters into force.
1872: In the south of the province of Buenos Aires (Argentina), a group of dozens of Creoles kill 36 immigrant peasants (Tandil Massacre).
1873: Japan begins to use the Gregorian calendar.
1873: in Venezuela President Antonio Guzmán Blanco establishes civil marriage.
1877: Queen Victoria is proclaimed Empress of India.
1879: in Barcelona the republican satirical weekly L'Esquella de la Tortaza is reissued.
1880: In Panama, Ferdinand de Lesseps begins the construction of the transoceanic canal.
1880: foundation of the Manchester City Football Club.
1885: In Chile, the laws of marriage and civil registration enter into force.
1885: in Spain, the first regulations of the Ateneo de Madrid enter into force.
1885: In La Plata, Argentina, the house of Dardo Rocha is opened, built in just 40 days.
1892: Ellis Island becomes the host of new immigrants to the United States.
1898: In Cuba, an autonomous government assumes its functions.
1899: In Cuba, the Spanish army handed over the island to the United States, which had kept it occupied for three years.
1899: in Catalonia the daily newspaper goes to the street La Veu de Catalunya.
1900: The British government sends soldiers against the emir of Nigeria, after it offered a reward for every “British Head” to be handed over to it. On the same day, Nigeria becomes British protectorate, with Frederick Lugard as general governor.
1900: In the Belgian colony of the Congo, the natives slaughter a fort and devour the survivors.
1900: compulsory education is established in the Netherlands.
1900: the archipelago of the Hawaiian Islands requests a delegate to the national convention of the United States Republican Party.
1900: In Paris there is a strong collapse in part of the construction of the underground train. There are no deaths, but there are many serious injuries.
1900: In Spain a new article of the Criminal Code is adopted to legally combat Catalan, Basque and other nationalisms that begin to break into the Spanish political scene.
1901: The British Commonwealth (Commonwealth) is established in Australia through the union of six colonies.
1901: In Spain he began to rule the official schedule by the Greenwich Meridian.
1901: In the French colony of Madagascar (Africa), the first motorway of the world is opened, with a length of 200 km.
1902: in Pennsylvania (United States): Nathan Stubblefield performs the first public radio show.
1902: The Licht-Luft-Institut is opened in Charlottenburg (Germany), founded on the initiative of people seeking to reform the way of life.
1903: In the city of Delhi (India), the British king Edward VII is crowned emperor in the midst of imposing ceremonies.
1903: in Paris (France), the scholar J. C. Mardrus publishes the first full version in a western language of the legendary book A thousand and a night (16 volumes), after the magnificent anthologies made by the French Gallard (XVIII century) and by the British Richard Francis Burton (1877).
1903: in Spain the first issue of the newspaper ABC.
1905: In Argentina the Independent Atletic Club is founded.
1910: In Argentina the Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield is founded.
1910: For the first time the Spaniards begin the year eating twelve grapes at the bells, according to a French custom.
1911: General Juan José Entry is elected president in the Republic of Nicaragua.
1912: In China, the revolutionary government proclaims the republic and appoints as provisional president the nationalist leader Sun Yat-sen.
1913: In Spain Antonio Maura, head of the Conservative Party, resigns.
1914: The first regular airline in the world, between St.Petersburg and Tampa, both in the state of Florida, comes into service in the United States.
1915: In front of Plymouth (United Kingdom), the German U-24 submarine sinks the British line ship Formidable.
1916: In the framework of the Mexican revolution, the politician Venustiano Carranza arrives with his entourage to the city of Santiago de Querétaro, to which he proclaims the capital of the republic.
1917: In Buenos Aires is founded the Club Atlético Los Andes, team of the second Argentine division of soccer.
1918: In Hollywood, British actor Charles Chaplin opens his own film studios.
1919: In Germany, Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht and Wilhelm Pieck founded the German Communist Party.
1920: in Barcelona, the Civil Action Committee organizes a great rally against terrorism.
1921: In Nicaragua, Diego Manuel Chamorro began his presidential mandate, characterized by constant agitation.
1921: in The Gaceta the authorization to build in the Moncloa the Faculty of Medicine and the Clinical Hospital.
1923: In Istres, aviator Sadi Lecointe sets a new world speed record, with an average of 348 km/h.
1923: in Mexico, the Mexican soccer team plays its first international match against its similar Guatemalan wins 5–2.
1924: Japanese immigration is prohibited in the United States.
1925: the capital of Norway, Cristiana, is called Oslo.
1925: premiere in the Spanish theatre of the work Hernani, adaptation of Antonio and Manuel Machado, of the homonymous work of Victor Hugo.
1926: the waters of the Rhine reach its highest level since 1781.
1927: In the United Kingdom, the first issue of the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) is produced.
1928: in Newark, United States, Spanish boxer Paulino Uzcudun beats the American Pat Lester by no means.
1929: in Nicaragua, José María Moncada of the Liberal Party assumes the presidency.
1930: In Paisley, near Glasgow (Scotland) eighty children die in the fire of a cinema.
1933: in La Felguera (Spain) several high-powered bombs explode and there are numerous riots in Seville that would be prolonged for several days in other cities in Spain, in the known as the Revolution of January 1933.
1934: in Germany the law dictated by the Nazi government "for the prevention of offspring with hereditary diseases" enters into force.
1935: In Japan, Mokichi Okada (Meishu-Sama), creator of the Johrei, founded the Sekai kyusei kyo movement.
1937: Anastasio Somoza García becomes president dictator of Nicaragua.
1938: In Brazil, President Getúlio Vargas begins State NovoFascist tendency.
1939: in Spain it becomes a duty for all young women under the age of 25, to perform for one year the compulsory labour service.
1942: The United Nations Declaration is signed in New York.
1943: In the framework of the Second World War, the long battle of Guadalcanal ends, with the victory of the Americans over the Japanese.
1944: Franco refuses to recognize the fascist republic of Salò, constituted by Mussolini.
1944: Erwin Rommel is appointed chief deputy commander of the army group in France.
1944: In Cairo, Egypt, the tomb of Pharaoh Narmer is discovered.
1945: the 14th British Army launches an offensive in northern Burma.
1945: the Committee of Lublin declares itself the Polish Interim Government.
1946: at Heathrow Airport (London) the first civilian flight is made, to Buenos Aires by climbing in Lisbon.
1946: published by the literary magazine Ínsula.
1946: In a radio speech, Emperor Hirohito explains the genesis of the emperor's myth in Japan.
1947: In the United Kingdom, the Clement Attlee Labour Government nationalizes coal mines.
1948: In Spain, the Government decrees the suspension of the safe-conducts to circulate inside.
1948: the first Catalan opera of the post-war erases, The maig GiravoltToldrah.
1948: In the UK the railway is nationalized.
1948: the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) entered into force in Spain.
1949: the clashes between Zulu customers and Hindu merchants in the western market of Durban, South Africa, cause the death of seventy-five people.
1949: Dr. Juan Manuel Gálvez takes over the presidency of Honduras.
1951: the United Nations Organization creates UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees).
1952: Javier de Borbón Parma made himself king before a group of carlists.
1953: In Valparaíso, Chile, about 50 people die (36 were firefighters) in an explosion.
1954: in Santiago de Chile a great fire destroys the Coliseum theatre.
1956: Sudan is independent of the British empire.
1957: The German engineer Felix Wankel performs the first test route with the rotating piston engine created by him.
1958: Explorer 1, the first American satellite.
1958: In Venezuela, the army rebelled against the government.
1959: in Cuba: the rebellion against the dictatorship triumphs and the Cuban Revolution begins. The dictator Fulgencio Batista takes refuge in the Dominican Republic and instead takes power the commander of the Rebelde Fidel Castro Army.
1960: in Cuba, the socialist revolution nationalizes, among others, the United Fruit Company, of American capitals.
1960: Benin is independent of France.
1960: Cameroon is independent of France.
1960: In Costa Rica the Museo La Salle was founded.
1961: Joaquín Balaguer assumed the presidency of the Dominican Republic
1962: Samoa is independent of the British Empire.
1962: In the Dominican Republic, after the assassination of dictator Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, the Council of State, chaired by Joaquín Balaguer, assumes power.
1963: In Spain, the Obligatory Health Insurance is carrying out a mass anti-poliomelytic vaccination campaign.
1964: in Spain the I Plan for Development begins.
1964: the law of fruits and vegetables for the Common Market enters into force in Europe.
1965: in Spain, dictator Franco raises the ban on reading Gospel in Spanish.
1965: In Spain the second channel of Spanish Radiotelevision was inaugurated, which was historically known by "the UHF", "The Second Chain" or "Cadena II" and in the 1980s as TVE-2. It is currently known as La 2.
1968: economic reform begins in Hungary.
1969: The clashes between Catholics and Protestants in Londonderry (North Ireland) cause 120 wounded.
1970: in Argentina the new Weight Law 18.188 is put into circulation, which is equivalent to one hundred pesos national currency.
1970: Unix Time begins.
1970: In the UK the age of 18 is set.
1970: a law on wage perception in the event of illness enters into force in the German Federal Republic.
1971: in Chile, the government of President Salvador Allende nationalizes private banks.
1971: An earthquake in Central Asia causes a rail accident in Isfahan (Iran) causing 70 deaths and 130 injuries.
1973: the "Europe of the Nine" was born, as the United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark joined the EEC.
1973: In Mexico, the five-day working week for state workers enters into force.
1974: a Spanish-Marroqui fishing agreement is signed by which 200 Spanish boats will be able to work in the waters near Morocco.
1975: the International Year of Women begins, sponsored by the UN General Assembly.
1975: a new Constitution enters into force in Sweden.
1976: in Venezuela, the government of Carlos Andrés Pérez nationalizes oil exploitation.
1978: near Bombay (India), Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger crashes into the ocean. 213 people die.
1979: The UN proclaims this year as International Year of the Child.
1979: The United States and People ' s China establish diplomatic relations.
1980: Afghan and Iranian demonstrators assault the Soviet Embassy in Tehran in protest over the occupation of Afghanistan.
1981: Greece enters the EEC (European Economic Community), becoming the tenth member of this organization.
1982: At the UN, Peruvian Javier Pérez de Cuéllar assumes the position of secretary general.
1983: History of the Internet: ARPANET leaves aside the NPC protocol and adopts the TCP/IP.
1983: the Caracas Metro is officially inaugurated in Venezuela.
1984: Brunéi obtains his definitive independence.
1985: Jacques Delors replaces Gaston Thorn as president of the European Community.
1985: in Arkansas, United States, 2500 people are evacuated after the leak in a gas tanker manufactured by the Carbide Union.
1986: Spain and Portugal enter the EEC. VAT enters into force.
1987: In Beijing students are shown for democracy and the working class.
1989: Canada enters into force the Montreal Protocol, ratified by 29 countries and the EEC to protect the ozone layer.
1990: In Romania, the president of the National Salvation Council announced the legalization of multipartyism and other measures to end the Communist regime of Ceaucescu.
1992: in Argentina, the convertible weight replaces the austral as a currency.
1993: Czechoslovakia, after 74 years of history, is divided into two new states: Slovakia and the Czech Republic.
1993: The New Weight enters circulation, the current Mexican currency, which is equivalent to 1000 previous pesos.
1993: The European Union ' s interior market was established
1994: the Constitution of President Alberto Fujimori enters into force in Peru.
1994: In the state of Chiapas, Mexico, the guerrilla group called the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN), whose most visible leader is Subcomandante Marcos, is established.
1994: European Economic Area (EEA) operational
1994: the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) of Canada, the United States and Mexico is operational.
1995: Austria, Finland and Sweden enter the European Union.
1995: the World Trade Organization is established in the United States.
1995: During the first war with Chechnya, Russian troops took Grozni.
1995: Fernando Henrique Cardoso becomes president of Brazil.
1997: Ghanaian Kofi Annan takes office as UN Secretary General to replace Egyptian Butros Ghali.
1997: Pedro Roselló, governor of Puerto Rico, advocates the full annexation of Puerto Rico to the United States.
1998: Hundreds of people, mostly of Kurdish origin, arrive at the Italian coasts on a ship abandoned by the crew.
1999: a new single European currency is introduced.
1999: In the South Kivu region (Democratic Republic of Congo), five hundred civilians are massacred by rebel forces against President Laurent Kabila.
1999: in Brazil, Fernando Henrique Cardoso assumes as a presente for the second time.
2000: the most known Y2K occurs as the 2000 problem all over the world.
2000: at 12:00 TT is fixed as reference in astronomy at the time J2000.0.
2001: Sweden assumes the presidency of the European Union.
2001: Ten young people die in the Netherlands when they celebrated New Year's Eve.
2001: the dollar enters into circulation in El Salvador.
2002: in the European Union the euro enters into force as a single currency for 12 states.
2003: In Brazil, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva becomes president.
2003: in Switzerland, Pascal Couchepin elected president.
2005: In Peru the Andahuaylazo occurs. Antauro Humala, brother of former presidential candidate Ollanta Humala captures the Andahuaylas police station; 4 police and 1 reservist die.
2006: Anti-Tabaco law enters into force in Spain.
2007: Bulgaria and Romania join the European Union.
2007: In Brazil, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva assumes as president for the second time.
2007: Slovenia adopts the euro.
2007: In Indonesia, Adam Air Flight 574, from the Indonesian airline Adam Air, is crashed, all of its occupants are killed.
2008: In Venezuela the strong bolívar (Bs. F.) is introduced as a new legal currency.
2008: the Greek Cypriot side of the island of Cyprus, the British bases of Acrotiri and Dhekelia established on that island and Malta adopt the euro as an official currency.
2008: Colombia holds office in the 2007 regional elections.
2008: Slovenia assumes, for the first time in its history, the semi-annual presidency of the Council of the European Union.
2008: In Chile the Llaima volcano erupted.
2008: Uruguay becomes the first Latin American country that allows, at the national level, civil unions between people of the same kind.
2009: Slovakia joins the euro zone, adding 16 countries.
2009: In Bangkok, Thailand, a discotheque is set on fire, leaving a balance of 59 dead and 212 injured.
2010: In Angra dos Reis (Brazil) landslides caused by rains are at least 40 dead.
2011: In Italy, plastic bags (polyethylene) are prohibited from being delivered in stores, since in their production too much oil is used and they also delay too much to be degraded, which generates environmental danger.
2011: in Brazil, Dilma Rousseff assumes as president, happening in the position of Lula da Silva.
2011: Estonia adopts the euro as an official currency. Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius adopt the US dollar as an official currency.
2011: in Buenos Aires, Argentina, the 32nd edition of the Dakar Rally begins, which runs through Argentina and Chile.
2012: in Mar del Plata (Argentina) begins the 33rd edition of the Dakar Rally, which runs through Argentina, Chile and Peru.
2015: In Brazil, Dilma Rousseff assumes as president for the second time.
2016: Final closure of the Frikipedia parodic encyclopedia.
2017: In Istanbul, a man dressed in Santa Claus starts shooting at a disco leaving 39 dead and more than 100 wounded.
2017: a riot in a jail in Brazil leaves at least 60 dead.
2017: In Buyumbura, the politician Emmanuel Niyonkuru is killed by a firearm.
2019: in Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro swears his position as president of the country, happening in the position of Michel Temer.
2019: the probe New Horizons fly over 2014 MU69, the most distant celestial object from the solar system to which a spacecraft has arrived.
2019: in Hawaii dies the last known individual of Achatinella apexfulva"George", alleging the extinction of the species.
2019: The American Free Fighting Company All Elite Wrestling is founded known as AEW.
2020: In Mexico City, the prohibition of single-use plastic bags enters into force.
2020: In Wuhan, China, the Animals and Seafood market where the Brote is believed to have originated is Closed for sanitation and environmental disinfection.
2022: Israel detects the first case of 'flurona', flu infection and COVID-19 at the same time.
2023: In Brazil assumes Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva as president, happening to Jair Bolsonaro.
2023: In Croatia, the euro becomes the official currency.
2023: In Mexico, a riot in a hill in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, leaves 19 dead, 15 wounded and 25 prisoners escaped.

Births

Rodrigo Borja, Pope Alexander VI.

450: Eugendo, monk and French saint (f. 510).
1431: Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia), Pope of the Catholic Church between 1492 and 1503 (f. 1503).
1449: Lorenzo de Médici, Italian banker and politician, patron of the Renaissance (f. 1492).
1467: Segismundo I Jagellón el Viejo, aristocra Polish, king between 1506 and 1548 (f. 1548).

Ulrico Zuinglio.

1484: Ulrico Zuinglio, Swiss theologian and philosopher, founder of the Reformed Church Switzerland (f. 1531).
1492: Silvestro Ganassi dal Fontego, Italian composer (f. 1550).
1511: Henry of Cornwall, English aristocrat (f. 1511).
1516: Margaret Leijonhufvud, Swedish aristocrat, wife of King Gustavo I (f. 1551).
1536: Diego de Zúñiga, a Spanish writer and philosopher (f. 1597).
1557: István Bocskay, aristocrat transilvano (f. 1606).
1614: John Wilkins, British bishop (f. 1672).
1618: Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, a Spanish painter (f. 1682).
1638: Go-Sai, Japanese emperor (f. 1685).
1655: Christian Thomasius, German philosopher and writer (f. 1728).
1697: Joseph François Dupleix, French colonial administrator (f. 1763).
1735: Paul Revere, American patriot (f. 1818).
1745: Vicente María Strambi, Italian religious (f. 1824).
1752: Betsy Ross, American patriot (f. 1836).

Maria Edgeworth.

1768: Maria Edgeworth, British writer (f. 1849).
1774: André Marie Constant Duméril, zoologist and French naturalist (f. 1860).
1785: José Moldes, politician and military Argentinean (f. 1824).
1787: Manuel José Arce, a Salvadoran military and politician (f. 1847).
1801: Christopher Fratin, French sculptor (f. 1864).
1803: Manuel Felipe de Tovar, the 14th president of Venezuela (f.1866).
1814: Hong Xiuquan, Chinese rebel (f. 1864).
1816: Manuel Murillo Toro, Colombian politician and writer, President of the Republic in the centuryXIX (f. 1880).
1823: Sándor Petőfi, Hungarian poet (f. 1849).
1834: Ludovic Halévy, French playwright (f. 1908).
1846: Francisco Tosta García, Venezuelan politician and military (f. 1921).
1854: James George Frazer, British anthropologist (f. 1941).
1862: Rogelio Vigil de Quiñones, a Spanish military and doctor, one of the last of the Philippines (f. 1934).

Pierre de Coubertin.

1863: Pierre de Coubertin, French pedagogue and historian, promoter of the Olympic Games of the modern era (f. 1937).
1864: Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer (f. 1946).
1871: Manuel Gondra, Paraguayan politician (f. 1927).
1872: Miguel Cabanellas, a Spanish military officer (f. 1938).
1873: Mariano Azuela, Mexican narrator (f. 1952).
1874: Gustave Whitehead, German aviator (f. 1927).
1878: Agner Krarup Erlang, mathematician, statistical and Danish engineer (f. 1929).
1878: Peyo Yavorov, Bulgarian poet (f. 1914).
1879: William Fox, producer of American cinema of Hungarian origin, founder of the Fox Film Corporation, predecessor of the 20th Century Studios (f. 1952).
1879: Edward Morgan Forster, a British novelist and essayist (f. 1970).
1881: Vajiravudh, Thai king (f. 1925).
1883: Alberto Gerchunoff, Argentine writer and journalist (f. 1950).
1887: Wilhelm Canaris, a German navy and spy (f. 1945).
1888: Higinio Anglés, a Spanish priest and musicologist (f. 1969).
1889: Charles Bickford, American actor (f. 1967).
1890: Ezequiel Padilla Peñaloza, Mexican politician (f. 1971).
1891: José Benítez Martínez, lawyer, politician and Mexican diplomat (f. 1954).
1892: Manuel Roxas, the first Filipino president (f. 1948).
1894: Satyendra Nath Bose, Indian physicist (f. 1974).

John Edgar Hoover.

1895: John Edgar Hoover, founder and director of the American FBI (f. 1972).
1897: Ana Aslan, a Romanian scientist and physician (f. 1988).
1900: Xavier Cugat, composer and director of Spanish orchestra (f. 1990).
1900: Aurora Redondo, Spanish actress (f. 1996).
1900: Chiune Sugihara, a Japanese diplomat (f. 1986).
1900: Daijirō Furuta, a Japanese anarchist (f. 1925).
1902: Hans von Dohnanyi, German jurist (f. 1945).
1903: Juan Atilio Bramuglia, an Argentine politician (f. 1962).
1905: Nelson Leigh, American actor (f. 1985).
1905: Rodolfo Orlandini, footballer and Argentine coach (f. 1990).
1907: María Rosa Urraca Pastor, Spanish politics (f. 1984).

Dana Andrews.

1909: Dana Andrews, American actor (f. 1992).
1909: Stepán Bandera, Ukrainian nationalist leader (f. 1959).
1911: Adolfo Linvel, Argentine actor (f. 1986).
1911: Hank Greenberg, American baseball player (f. 1986).
1912: Kim Philby, Anglo-Soviet spy (f. 1988).
1913: Karl Stein, German mathematician (f. 2000).
1916: Alfonso Escámez, Spanish banker (f. 2010).
1917: Jaime Jaramillo Uribe, was an old-fashioned historian regarded as a pioneer, oriented and master of the professionalization of the history of Colombia. (m. 2015).
1919: Jerome David Salinger, American writer (f. 2010).
1919: Carole Landis, American actress (f. 1948).
1922: Natalio Pescia, Argentine footballer (f. 1989).
1923: Milt Jackson, American jazz vibraphonist (f. 1999).
1923: Ousmane Sembène, actor, filmmaker, writer, screenwriter and Senegalese political activist (f. 2007).
1924: Jacques Le Goff, French medieval historian (f. 2014).
1924: Gen'ichi Taguchi, Japanese engineer (f. 2012).
1926: José Manuel Estepa Llaurens, arzobispo español (f. 2019).
1926: Eugenio Celedón, Chilean engineer.
1926: Armida de la Vara, Mexican writer (f. 1998).

Maurice Béjart.

1927: Maurice Béjart, Belgian choreographer (f. 2007).
1927: Vernon Smith, U.S. economist, Nobel Prize in Economics in 2002.
1927: Vicente Cano, Spanish poet (f. 1994).
1928: Carlos Barral, Spanish poet and editor (f. 1989).
1928: Jean-Pierre Salignon, French basketball player (f. 2011).
1930: Yaafar al-Numeiry, Sudanese President (f. 2009).
1932: Marosa di Giorgio, Uruguayan writer (f. 2004).
1932: Oscar Viale, actor, comedian, playwright and Argentine screenwriter (f. 1994).
1932: Giuseppe Patanè, director of Italian orchestra (f. 1989).
1933: Joe Orton, British playwright (f. 1967).
1934: Gheorghe Dinică, a Romanian actor (f. 2009).
1934: Raúl Eduardo Vela Chiriboga, Ecuadorian cardinal (f. 2020).
1934: Lajdar Brahimi, an Algerian politician.
1936: Manuel Revol González, Spanish historian (f. 2019).
1937: Carlos Prieto Jacqué, a Mexican cellist.
1937: Ramón Ayerra, jurist, writer and Spanish humorist (f. 2010).

Frank Langella.

1938: Frank Langella, American actor.
1939: Ali Mahdi Mohamed, Somali politician, President of Somalia between 1991 and 1997 (f. 2021).
1941: Simon Andreu, a Spanish actor.
1941: Dardo Cabo, journalist and Argentine politician, murdered (f. 1977).
1941: Martin Evans, British geneticist and biochemical, nobel prize for physiology in 2007.
1942: Alassane Ouattara, economist and politician from Ivory, president of Côte d'Ivoire since 2011.
1943: Germán Molina Valdivieso, Chilean lawyer and politician.
1944: Abdul Hamid, Bangladeshi politician, President of Bengladés since 2013.
1944: Eloy de la Iglesia, cineasta español (f. 2006).
1944: Omar Hasán Ahmad al Bashir, Sudanese military, president of Sudan between 1989 and 2019.
1944: Ján Čarnogurský, Slovak politician.
1945: Jacky Ickx, Belgian motor racing pilot.
1945: Pietro Grasso, Italian politician.

Roberto Rivelino.

1946: Rivelino, Brazilian footballer.
1946: Juan Manuel Laguardia, locutor, actor and Venezuelan producer.
1947: Celso Bugallo, Spanish actor.
1947: Jon Corzine, American politician.
1947: F. R. David, French singer.
1947: Laszloo Polgár, under Bulgarian lyric (f. 2010).
1948: Pável Grachov, Russian politician and military (f. 2012).
1948: Francisco Luzón, economist and Spanish banker (f. 2021).
1950: María Casanova, Spanish actress and journalist.
1951: Norberto Mario Oyarbide, federal judge and Argentine lawyer (f. 2021).
1951: Hans-Joachim Stuck, German racing driver.
1953: Alpha Blondy, reggae singer.
1953: Fulgencio Obelmejías, Venezuelan boxer.
1955: Mary Beard, English academic.
1955: Héctor De Benedictis, musician, photographer, cultural manager and Argentine journalist.
1955: Jesús María Zamora, Spanish footballer.

Christine Lagarde.

1956: Christine Lagarde, French politics.
1956: Mike Mitchell, American basketball player (f. 2011).
1957: Karen Pence, American teacher and painter.
1957: Yevangelos Venizelos, a Greek politician.
1957: Jennifer Edwards, American actress.
1958: Grandmaster Flash, American musician.
1958: Amy Morton, American actress
1959: Azali Assoumani, president asrense.
1959: Panagiotis Giannakis, basketball player and Greek coach.
1959: Michel Onfray, a French philosopher.
1959: Emilio Tuñón Álvarez, Spanish architect.
1960: Serguéi Danilin, luger Russian (f. 2021).
1962: Cristóbal Cubilla, Paraguayan footballer.
1963: José Manuel Entrecanales, Spanish entrepreneur.
1963: Alberigo Evani, Italian footballer.
1964: Moussa Dadis Camara, a German military man.
1965: Laura Ingraham, American television writer and presenter.
1966: Ivica Dačić, Serbian politician.
1967: Juanma Bajo Ulloa, Spanish filmmaker.
1967: John Digweed, British DJ.
1967: José Manuel Barla, Spanish footballer.
1967: Marcelo Barticciotto, Argentine footballer.

Davor Šuker.

1968: Davor Šuker, Croatian footballer.
1969: Morris Chestnut, American actor.
1969: Verne Troyer, American actor (f. 2018).
1969: Paul Lawrie, Scottish golfer.
1971: Abdala Faye, Senegalese sculptor.
1972: Micaela Nevárez, Puerto Rican actress.
1972: Lilian Thuram, French footballer.
1972: Gabriela Alves, Brazilian actress.
1973: Sudan, last male specimen of northern white rhinoceros (f. 2018).

Lilian Thuram.

1974: Ricardo Frederico Rodrigues Antunes, Brazilian footballer.
1975: Eiichirō Oda, Japanese mangaka.
1976: Marko Topić, Bosnian footballer.
1976: Jesús Muñoz Calonge, Spanish footballer.
1977: Hasan Salihamidžić, Bosnian footballer.
1977: Axel, Argentine singer.
1977: Jerry Yan, Taiwanese actor and singer.
1978: Vidya Balan, Indian actress.
1978: Yohann Diniz, French athlete.
1978: Xavier Samin, a French-Polish footballer.
1978: Chris Davidson, Australian surfer (f. 2022).
1978: Anca Heltne, a Romanian athlete.
1978: Mariusz Musial, Norwegian bobsleigh pilot.
1978: Laura Lopes, daughter of Camila's first marriage, Queen Consort of the United Kingdom and Captain Andrew Parker Bowles.
1979: Brody Dalle, Australian singer, The Distillers.
1979: Mercedes Funes, Argentine actress.
1979: Gisela, Spanish singer.
1979: Vidya Balan, Indian actress.
1979: Viacheslav Sviderski, Ukrainian footballer.
1980: Ignacio Huang, actor and nationalized Dutch graphic designer.
1980: Elin Nordegren, Swedish model.
1981: Zsolt Baumgartner, Formula 1 Hungarian pilot.
1982: Egidio Arévalo Ríos, Uruguayan footballer.
1982: David Nalbandián, Argentine tennis player.
1982: Radosław Matusiak, Polish footballer.
1983: Calum Davenport, British footballer.

Daniel Jarque.

1983: Dani Jarque, Spanish footballer (f. 2009).
1983: Alex Cordaz, Italian footballer.
1984: Paolo Guerrero, Peruvian footballer.
1984: Rubens Sambueza, Argentine soccer player.
1984: Sayali Bhagat, Indian actress and model.
1984: Rafa Jordà, Spanish footballer.
1985: Luis Miguel Rodríguez, Argentine soccer player
1985: Rafael Bastos, Brazilian footballer.
1986: Lee Sungmin, Korean singer and actor.
1986: Colin Morgan, a Northern Irish actor.
1987: Meryl Davis, American skater.
1987: Tarek Elrich, Australian footballer.
1988: Dallas Keuchel, American baseball player.
1988: Alex Rafael, Brazilian footballer.
1988: Victor Ayala Núñez, Paraguayan footballer.
1988: Fernando Uribe, Colombian footballer.
1988: Assimiou Touré, Togolese footballer.
1990: Ben Harris, English footballer.
1990: Ruslan Kambólov, Russian footballer.
1991: Abdoulaye Ba, Senegalese footballer.
1992: Jack Wilshere, British footballer at Arsenal Football Club.
1992: Hazar Ergüçlü, Turkish Cypriot actress.
1992: He Kexin, Chinese art gymnast.
1992: Salvatore Molina, Italian footballer.
1993: Jon Flanagan, English footballer.
1995: Sardar Azmoun, Iranian footballer.
1996: Kun, Chinese singer.
1996: Andreas Pereira, Belgian footballer.
1996: Atomu Mizuishi, Japanese actor.
1996: Stuart Holthusen, New Zealand footballer.
1996: Ahmaad Rorie, American basketball player.
1996: Mathias Jensen, Danish footballer.
1996: Isaiah Powell, American basketball player.
1997: Chidozie Awaziem, Nigerian footballer.
1997: Gonzalo Montiel, Argentine footballer.
1997: Kouadio-Yves Dabila, Ivorian footballer.
1997: Kazune Kubota, Japanese footballer.
1997: Javier Navarro Rodríguez, Spanish footballer.
1997: Víctor García Raja, Spanish footballer.
1997: Adrián Ugarriza, Peruvian footballer.
1997: Eli Abaev, American basketball player.
1997: Victor Arboleda, Colombian footballer.
1998: Lara Robinson, Australian actress.
1998: Fabian Feyaerts, Belgian singer.
1998: Asier Gomes Álvarez, Spanish footballer.
1998: Celil Yüksel, Turkish footballer.
1998: Federico Vietto, Argentine soccer player.
1998: Paul Botha, South African athlete.
1998: Pavel Pavliuchenko, Belarusian footballer.
1998: Roxana Anghel, Romanian shirt.
1998: Enock Mwepu, Zambian footballer.
1999: Benjamin Goller, German footballer.
1999: Gianluca Scamacca, Italian footballer.
1999: Tomás Chancalay, Argentine soccer player.
1999: Sergio Moreno Martínez, Spanish footballer.
1999: Diamond White, American singer and actress.
1999: Zhou Lijun, Chinese taekwondista.
1999: Mark Petrovski, Russian boxer.
1999: Ayub Hadimi, soccer player 5 Moroccan adapted.
1999: Juan David Lemus, Colombian footballer.
1999: Tatiana Andreoli, Italian archer.
1999: Emmanuel Latte Lath, Ivorian footballer.
2000: Ekaterina Alexandrovskaya, Russian skater (f. 2020).
2000: Boško Šutalo, Croatian footballer.
2000: Alvaro Roncal, Spanish footballer.
2000: Habiba Mansur, Egyptian taekwondista.
2000: Aleksandra Klepaczka, Polish model.
2001: Winter, South Korean singer and dancer.
2001: Angourie Rice, Australian actress.
2001: Yasser Larouci, Algerian footballer.
2003: Cole Sand, American actor.
2003: Daria Trubnikova, Russian rhythmic gymnast.
2004: Amit Elor, American fighter.
2004: Giovani Henrique Amorim da Silva, Brazilian footballer.
2009: Hend Zaza, Syrian table tennis player.

Deaths

138: Lucius Elius Caesar, Roman Caesar (n. 101).
379: Saint Basilio, Greek Catholic bishop of Asia Minor (n. 330).
1387: Charles II of Navarre, king of Navarre and count of Évreux (n. 1332).
1449: Janin Lomme de Tournai, architect and Spanish-Plamenco sculptor.

Louis XII of France.

1515: Louis XII, French king between 1498 and 1515 (n. 1462).
1617: Hendrick Goltzius, Flemish painter and engraver (n. 1558).
1696: Francisca Drummond de Melfort and Wallace, a British aristocrat (n. 1724).
1701: Pietro Sammartini, Italian organist and composer (n. 1636).
1716: Maria Casimira Luisa de la Grange d'Arquien, consort of the King of Poland John III Sobieski (n. 1641).
1766: Jacobo Eduardo Estuardo, a pretender to the English throne (n. 1688).
1800: Louis Jean Marie Daubenton, French physician and naturalist (n. 1716).
1817: Martin Heinrich Klaproth, a German chemical (n. 1743).
1824: Vicente Strambi, Italian religious (n. 1745).
1829: Pedro Blanco Soto, Bolivian military and political, president between 1828 and 1829 (n. 1795).
1843: Gregorio Cordovez, a Chilean politician (n. 1783).
1868: Rosa Merino, Peruvian artist (n. 1790).

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz.

1894: Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, German physicist (n. 1857).
1897: Adolfo Caminha, Brazilian writer (n. 1867).
1912: Cleto Zavala, Spanish composer (n. 1867).
1918: Hormiga Negra, gaucho argentina (n. 1837).
1937: Bhaktisiddhanta, Hindu religious Bengali (n. 1874).
1953: Hank Williams, American country music singer and songwriter (n. 1923).
1954: José Millán-Astray, Spanish military (n. 1879).
1958: Edward Weston, American photographer (n. 1886).
1962: Gregorio Morales Sánchez, Mexican professor, military and political (n. 1885).
1962: Diego Martínez Barrio, Spanish republican politician, president in 1936 (n. 1883).
1965: Mariano Picón Salas, writer, diplomat and Venezuelan academic (n. 1901)
1968: Enrique Ferrarese, a builder and entrepreneur of the Italians (n. 1882).
1969: Micheline Francey, French actress (n. 1919).

Maurice Chevalier.

1972: Maurice Chevalier, French singer and actor (n. 1888).
1972: Luis Banchero Rossi, Peruvian entrepreneur (n. 1929).
1975: Kyusaku Ogino, Japanese gynecologist (n. 1882).
1980: Pietro Nenni, Italian politician (n. 1891).
1982: Victor Buono, American actor (n. 1938).
1985: José Artés de Arcos, Spanish entrepreneur (n. 1893).
1985: Eulalia Guzmán Barrón, a Mexican professor and archaeologist (n. 1890).
1986: Bruce Norris, U.S. ice hockey director (n. 1924).
1992: Grace Murray Hopper, U.S. Military (n. 1906).
1994: César Romero, American actor (n. 1907).
1994: E. A. Thompson, British historian (n. 1914).

Eugene Paul Wigner.

1995: Eugene Paul Wigner, Hungarian scientist, Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 (n. 1902).
1996: Leopoldo Benites, Ecuadorian diplomat (n. 1905).
1997: Townes Van Zandt, American singer (n. 1944).
1998: Haxhi Lleshi, a Albanian politician (n. 1913).
2000: Sandro Baylón, Peruvian footballer (n. 1977).
2000: Arthur Lehning, a Dutch anarchist (n. 1899).

Ray Walston.

2001: Ray Walston, American actor (n. 1914).
2003: Alicio Garcitoral, Spanish writer and politician (n. 1902).
2004: Manuel Félix López, Ecuadorian politician (n. 1937).
2005: Eugene J. Martin, American painter (n. 1938).
2007: Werner Hollweg, German tenor (n. 1936).
2007: Darrent Williams, American football player (n. 1982).
2009: Johannes Mario Simmel, Austrian writer (n. 1924).
2010: Lhasa de Sela, Mexican-American singer (n. 1972).
2011: Marin Constantin, musician, orchestra director and Romanian composer (n. 1925).
2011: Jiaser, Spanish hysterist (n. 1927).
2012: Carlos Ernesto Soria, Argentine politician (n. 1949).
2012: Nina Miranda, Uruguayan singer (n. 1925).
2012: Hermann Guggiari, Paraguayan sculptor (n. 1924).
2012: Jorge Andrés Martínez Boero, Argentine motorcycle driver (n. 1973).
2012: Yafa Yarkoni, an Israeli singer (n. 1925).
2012: Kiro Gligorov, Macedonian politician (n. 1917).
2012: Bob Anderson Speaker and British actor (n. 1922).
2012: Diozel Pérez, a Chilean journalist (n. 1932).
2013: Lloyd Hartman Elliott, American educator (n. 1918).
2013: Christopher Martin-Jenkins, British cricket journalist (n. 1945).
2013: Mojtaba Tehrani, marja' (‘gran ayatolá’) and imamí of the Shiite Muslim religion (n. 1933).
2013: Marian Wantoła, Polish sketch artist (n. 1926).
2014: Juanita Moore, American film, television and theatre actress (n. 1914).
2015: Donna Douglas, American actress (n. 1932).
2015: Ninón Sevilla, actress, dancer and Mexican singer of Cuban origin (n. 1929).
2015: Manuel Alberto León, Mexican cartoonist and historietist (n. 1956).
2015: Omar Karami, Lebanese politician (n. 1934).
2015: Boris Morukov, Russian astronaut (n. 1950).
2015: Mario Cuomo, American politician (n. 1932).
2016: Fazu Alieva, Russian writer (n. 1932).
2016: Antonio Carrizo, journalist, locutor and Argentine animator (n. 1926).
2017: Memo Morales, Venezuelan singer (n. 1937).
2019: Pegi Young, American singer (n. 1954).
2020: David Stern, American lawyer (n. 1942).
2022:
- Calisto Tanzi, an Italian entrepreneur and scammer (n. 1938).
- Dan Reeves, American football coach (n. 1944).
2023:
- Francisco Bozinovic, Chilean-croata biologist and academic (n. 1959).
- Frank McGarvey, footballer and British football coach (n. 1956).
- Martin Davis, American mathematician (n. 1928).
- Lise Nørgaard, Danish writer, journalist and screenwriter (n. 1917).