January

In the Gregorian calendar, January (from Latin iānuārius → lv. jānuāirō → em. janero → January) is the first month of the year and has 31 days. It takes its name from the god Jano, from the Latin Janus, represented with two faces, the spirit of the doors and the beginning and the end (the look towards the past and towards the future). The first day of the month is New Year's Day New. There are 365 left to finish the year.

However, January has not always been the first month of the year: the primitive year of the Romans had ten months (304 days in total) and began with Martius, dedicated to the god Mars, who it became March in Spanish. The legend fixes in 713 a. C., when King Numa Pompilius, successor of Romulus, added the months of January and February to complete the lunar year (355 days).

Until 1752, the United Kingdom and its colonies kept March 25 (9 months before December 25) as the first day of the year.^{[citation needed]} Russia began the new year on March 1 until the 15th century and on September 1 until the year 1700, when Tsar Peter I changed the date of the holiday to January 1.

For the Catholic Church, this month is dedicated to the Child Jesus and the Sweet Name of Jesus.

Events in January

January, in Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry.

• On 1 January the New Year is celebrated in much of the countries of the world. In Cuba, the triumph of the Cuban Revolution and in Haiti, Independence, as in Sudan, is celebrated. Enter the Euro coin for the first time.
• On the first Friday of January, Child Day in Bahamas.
• On January 6, the Catholic liturgy celebrates the Epiphany, also known as the Day of the Magi.
• On January 6, in Mexico and Spain the thread or thread of kings is broken.
• On January 7, Orthodox churches celebrate the Nativity of Jesus Christ.
• On the second Saturday of January, Child Day in Thailand.
• January 9: Panama is Martyrs' Day.
• On January 9, Ecuador this day marks the year of entry to dollarization.
• El 11 de enero se celebra el Día Nacional del Acullico en Bolivia
• On January 14th: in 1827, Matthias Zurbriggen reached the top of the highest mountain in America, Aconcagua.
• On January 18, 1535 in Peru, Lima was founded.
• On the third Monday of January, Martin Luther King Jr. Day in the United States.
• The 21st of January is celebrated in the Dominican Republic on the day of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Altagracia.
• On January 22: In 1498, Christopher Columbus landed on what is today Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
• On January 23, 1958, Marcos Pérez Jiménez, dictator of Venezuela, was overthrown.
• On January 26 in the Dominican Republic, the birth of Juan Pablo Duarte is celebrated.
• On 26 January in India, the anniversary of the Republic of India is celebrated.
• January 28: It is the day of the teacher.
• On January 28: In 1887 in Paris, the capital of France began the construction of the Eiffel Tower.

Iconology

Jano bifrons

January, Januarius, which some authors derive from Janus, that is, Janus, the first king of Italy, although its etymology is found in the voice Janua, that is, door, for being this month the first with which the year enters.

His figure has been personified as a consul who casts some grains of incense in honor of Jano and the Lares on a burning pyre placed on an altar: a rooster placed near the altar denotes that the sacrifice has been practiced in the morning of the first day

January has been figured in Jano bifrons, that is, Janus with two faces, one of the older ones indicating the year that has elapsed, and the other the coming or new year.

January sayings

• "Berzas in January know as a ram."
• «Besugo de enero vale un carnero».
• "Each day after January, I let the ATM lose."
• "From January to January, money is from the banker."
• "From the saints of January, Saint Amarus is the first."
• "The January chicken, under the wings brings the money."
• «The unrelenting January sun».
• "In January, day to sun and evening to the brazier."
• «In January, neither a Hebrew nor a falcon perdiguero».
• "Jane, good month for the coalmaker."
• "Jane, cold or tempered, put it warm."
• "In January, there is no gardening work."
• "January, month of the fridge."
• "In January the water is poured into the pork."

Fictional days

• January 0, used in efemérides and computing