Jack London

Jack London, probably born John Griffith Chaney (January 12, 1876, San Francisco-November 22, 1916, Glen Ellen), was an American writer, author of White Fang, Call of the Wild and other novels and short stories.

Personal background

Clarice Stasz and other biographers believe that Jack London's biological father was astrologer William Chaney. Chaney was a notable figure in astrology; according to Stasz: "From the point of view of today's most serious astrologers, Chaney is a great figure who has turned the practice from quackery to a more rigorous method."

Jack London did not learn of Chaney's alleged paternity until his middle age. In 1897 he wrote to Chaney and received a letter from him stating: "I never married Flora Wellman" and that he was "impotent" during the period they lived together; therefore, "I can't be your father."

It is not possible to say whether the marriage was legalized, since most of San Francisco's civil documents were destroyed in the 1906 earthquake. Therefore, the name that appeared on the birth certificate is not known with certainty. Stasz clarifies that in his memoirs, Chaney refers to Jack London's mother, Flora Wellman, as "wife." Stasz also points to an advertisement in which Flora refers to herself as Florence Wellman Chaney.

Early Years

London at nine years with his dog Rollo (1885)

Jack London was born in San Francisco, California. He essentially educated himself, a process that he carried out in the city's public library by reading books. In 1883 he found and read the novel Signa by the writer Ouida, which recounts how a young Italian peasant without school studies achieved fame as an opera composer. London credited this book with the inspiration to begin his literary work.

In 1893, he boarded the schooner Sophia Sutherland, sailing off the coast of Japan. When she returned, the country was in the panic of 1893 and Oakland was in the grip of labor riots. After backbreaking jobs at a jute mill and a railroad power station, in 1894 he joined Kelly's industrial army, a protest march of the unemployed to Washington, and he began his life as a vagabond.

In 1894, he spent thirty days in the Erie County Penitentiary in Buffalo, New York for vagrancy. In The Road, he wrote:

Man's manipulation was simply one of the minor horrors not suitable for mention, to avoid moral offenses, of Erie County's penitentiary. I say it is not 'apt for mention'; and in justice I must say also 'unconceivable'. They were inconceivable to me until I saw them, and he was not a young man with respect to life and the tremendous abysses of human degradation. It would require a steep fall to reach the lowest of Erie County's penitentiary, and I do, but I pray softly and sceptically the superficial of things as I saw them there.

After various experiences as a drifter and a sailor, London returned to Oakland, where he attended Oakland High School, contributing several articles to the high school magazine, The Aegis. His first publication was & # 34; Typhoon off the coast of Japan & # 34;, where he recounted his experiences as a sailor.

Jack London desperately wanted to get into the University of California, and in 1896, after a summer of intense study, he did; but financial problems forced him to leave in 1897 and he never graduated. Kingman says there's "no record of him writing for student publications." there.

In 1899, London began working twelve to eighteen hour days at Hickmott's cannery. Seeking a way out of his drudgery, he took a loan from his adoptive mother, Jennie Prentiss, and bought the schooner Razzle-Dazzle from an oystercatcher named French Frank, becoming himself in an oystercatcher In his autobiographical account John Barleycorn he claims to have stolen French Frank's mistress, Mamie.After a few months his schooner was damaged beyond repair. He went over to the side of the law and became a member of the California Fish Patrol.

While living in his rented cottage in Lake Merritt, Oakland, London met poet George Sterling and they became good friends. In 1902 Sterling helped London find a house near hers in Piedmont, California. In letters from him, London referred to Sterling as a "Greek"; due to his classic nose and profile, and he signed them with the pseudonym & # 34; Lobo & # 34;. London referred to Sterling as Russ Brissenden in his autobiographical novel Martin Eden (1909) and as Mark Hall in Valley of the Moon (1913).

Subsequently, Jack London distinguished himself in various fields, having various interests and a personal library of 15,000 volumes.

Early literary career (1898-1900)

London's cabin in Dawson City, Yukon.

On July 25, 1897, London and his brother-in-law James Shepard set sail to join the Klondike Gold Rush where he would set his first major stories. However, his time in the Klondike was detrimental to his health and, like many others who worked undernourished in the goldfields, he developed scurvy. His gums swelled, causing the loss of his four front teeth, he suffered constant pain in his hip and leg muscles, and his face was covered in sores. Fortunately for him and all those who were falling ill, Father William Judge, "the saint of Dawson," had opened a shelter in Dawson that provided them with shelter, food, and some medicine.

London survived the harsh conditions of the Klondike, and this fight against death inspired what is often called his best short story: "To Build a Fire". The famous version of this story was published in 1908, but an entirely different version had been published before that in 1902. Labor, in an anthology, says that "comparing the two versions is itself an instructive lesson in what distinguishes a great literary artistic work of a good story for children". The story is about a stubborn and useless gold digger who, ignorant of the dangers of nature, in the end freezes to death for not being able to make a simple fire. London could have identified with the character, and must have witnessed similar acts in real life while he was in the Klondike.

His landowners in Dawson were two mining engineers named Marshall and Louis Bond, who studied at Yale and Stanford. His father, (Federal Judge) & # 34; Judge & # 34; Hiram Bond, was a wealthy mining investor. The Bonds, especially Hiram, were active Republicans. Friendly verbal fights on political issues are mentioned as a pastime in Marshall Bond's diary.

Jack left a socially conscious work ethic believer with socialist insights in Oakland and became an active supporter of socialism. He also concluded that his only hope of escaping the job trap was to get an education and "sell his thoughts." Throughout his life he viewed writing as a business, his passport out of poverty, and he hoped for a way to bring wealth to his own game.

When he returned to Oakland in 1898, he began a serious struggle to break into print, a memorable struggle described in his novel Martin Eden. The first published story of him was To the Man On Trail. When The Overland Monthly offered him just $5 for it—and was slow to pay—Jack London came close to a point where he considered abandoning his literary career. In his own words, & # 34; literally and literally I was saved & # 34; when The Black Cat (in Spanish & # 34; El Gato Negro & # 34;) he accepted his novel & # 34; A thousand deaths & # 34; paying him $40 for it—"the first money I ever got for a story".

Jack London was lucky during his literary career. He simply started with new printing technologies that allowed the production of low-cost magazines. This resulted in a revolution for popular magazines aimed at a wide audience, and a strong market for fictional short stories. In the early 1900s, he made approximately $2,500 from his stories, the equivalent of about $75,000 today. His career was headed for success.

Among the works he sold to magazines was the short story known interchangeably as "Batarde" and "Diable" in two editions of the same basic story. A cruel French-Canadian who mistreats his dog. The dog as revenge causes his death. London was criticized for depicting a dog as the embodiment of evil. He would tell of some of his criticisms that man's actions are the main cause of his animal behavior and that he would show it in his next short story.

The little story for the Saturday Evening Post newspaper entitled "The Call of the Wild" was a bit long. The story begins in a state of Santa Clara and depicts a Saint Bernard and Shepard crossbreed named Buck. In fact, the first scene is a description of the Bond family farm and Buck is based on the dog that was lent to him in Dawson by his landlords. London visited Marshall Bond in California, bumping into him again at a political conference in San Francisco in 1901.

His first marriage (1900-1904)

George Sterling, Mary Austin, Jack London and Jimmie Hooper on Carmel Beach, California.

Jack London married Bess Maddern on April 17, 1900, the same day The Son of the Wolf was published. Bess had been part of his circle of friends for a few years. Stasz says "Both publicly acknowledged that they were not marrying for love, but for friendship and the belief that they would bear strong children". Kingman says "they were comfortable together... Jack he had made it clear to Bessie that he did not love her, but that he liked her enough to have a satisfying marriage".

During the marriage, Jack London continued his friendship with Anna Strunsky, co-writing The Kempton-Wace Letters, an epistolary novel contrasting romanticism with scientific love. Anna, writing the 'Dane Kempton' letters, took a romantic view of marriage, while Jack, writing the 'Herbert Wace' letters, took a romantic view of marriage. scientific, based on Darwinism and the improvements caused in the offspring that could be produced. In the novel, the fictional character of him contrasts two women London knew:

[The first was] a mad, lazy creature, wonderful, immoral and full of life to the edge. My hot palpitous blood even now that I rebuke it... [The second was] a woman of proud breasts, the perfect mother, made primarily to recognize the grip of a child's lips. You know, that kind of woman. "The mothers of men," I call them. And so long there are these kinds of women on earth, perhaps we should keep for that time faith in the seed of men. The lascivious was the sexual couple, but this was the mother woman, the last, greatest and sacred in the hierarchy of life.

Wave declares:

I intend to order my loving adventures in a rational way... Because I marry Hester Stebbins. I am not driven by the archaic sexual madness of the beast, nor by the obsolete romantic madness of the ancient man. Against link and reason tells me that you are supported in health, sensatez and compatibility. My intellect will enjoy this link.

Analyzing why he "was driven towards the woman", he intends to get married, Wace says:

It was the old Mother Nature who weeps for our cause, every man and woman, for the progeny. Your only and eternal regret: PROGENIE! PROGENIE!

Jack and his daughters Becky (left) and Joan.

In real life, Jack's pet name for Bess was "Mommy-Girl" and Bess's for Jack was "Daddy-Boy." His first daughter, Joan, was born on January 15, 1901, and his second, Bessie (later named Becky), on January 20, 1901. October 1902.

A caption in the images from the photo album, reproduced in part in memory of Joan London, "Jack London and His Daughters," published posthumously, shows the unmistakable happiness of Jack London and the pride in her daughters. But the marriage itself was continually put to the test. Kingman, in 1979, says that in 1903 "the break... was imminent... Bessie was a good woman, but they were extremely incompatible. There was nothing left of love. Even the company and the respect had vanished after the marriage". Nevertheless, "Jack remained kind and gentle to Bessie, even when Cloudsley Johns was a guest at his home in February 1903 he did not suspect the breakdown of his marriage."

According to Joseph Noel, 1940, "Bessie was the eternal mother. She lived first for Jack, corrected his manuscripts, helped him with grammar, but when her daughters were born she lived for them. This was her great honor and her first blunder. Jack complained to Noel and George Sterling that "she is devoted to purity." When I tell her that her morality is just evidence of low blood pressure, she hates me. She would sell me and my children for her bloody purity. This is terrible. Every time she comes back after being out of the house for a night, she won't let me be in the same room as her unless there's no other way.”

On July 24, 1903, Jack London told Bessie he was leaving and leaving home; during 1904 Jack and Bess negotiated the terms of the divorce, and the judgment was granted on November 11, 1904.

Accusations of plagiarism

London in his office.

Jack London was accused of plagiarism numerous times during his career. He was vulnerable not only because he was an excellent and successful writer, but also because of his working methods. In a letter to Elwyn Hoffman he wrote "expression, as you know—with me—is much easier than invention." London got hold of plots from short stories and novels by the young Sinclair Lewis and used incidents from newspaper clippings as material on which to base his stories.

Egerton R. Young stated that The Call of the Wild was taken from his book My Dogs in the Northland. London's response was to acknowledge having used it as a source; he claimed to have written a letter to Young to thank him.

In July 1902, two pieces of fiction appeared in the same month: Jack London's Moon-Face in the San Francisco Argonaut and The Passing of Cock-eye Blacklock by Frank Norris, in Century. Newspapers made side-by-side comparisons of the stories, which London defined as "quite different in treatment, [but] patently the same in foundation and motivation." Jack London explained that both writers based their stories on the same fact that appeared in the press. Consequently, it was discovered that a year earlier, a certain Charles Forrest McLean had published another fictional account based on the same incident.

In 1906 the New York World newspaper published columns "terribly parallel" showing on the one hand eighteen passages from London's short story called Love of Life and on the other similar passages from the non-fiction article by Augustus Biddle and J. K Macdonald entitled Lost in the Land of the Midnight Sun (in Spanish "Lost in the land of the Midnight Sun"). According to London's daughter Joan London, the parallels "[proved] beyond the question of whether Jack had merely rewritten Biddle's account." (Jack London would surely have objected to the word "merely.") In response, London warned that the world did not accuse him of "plagiarism," only of "temporal identity and situation", for which he "pleaded guilty" definitely. London acknowledged the use of Biddle's account, citing numerous other sources he had used, stating "I, in the course of turning my life from journalism to literature, used material from various sources which had been collected and narrated by men who turned aspects of life into journalism.

The most serious incident involved chapter 7 of The Iron Heel, titled "The Bishop's Vision". The chapter was almost identical to Frank Harris' ironic essay, published in 1901, entitled "The Bishop of London and Public Morality." Harris was outraged and suggested that he should receive one sixtieth of the profits made by The Iron Heel, the problematic material that made up that fraction of the entire novel. Jack London insisted that he had copied a reprint of the article which appeared in an American newspaper, and believed it to be the genuine words spoken by the Bishop of London. Joan London called this defense "unconvincing, indeed."

Beautiful Ranch (1910-1916)

The house of Rancho Hermoso where London died on November 22, 1916

In 1910, Jack London bought a 1,000-acre (4 km²) ranch in Glen Ellen, Sonoma County, California, for $26,000. He wrote that "After my wife, the ranch is the dearest thing in the world to me." He desperately wanted the ranch to become a successful business venture. Writing, always a commercial enterprise for London, would now be more goal oriented: "I am writing a book about adding three or four hundred acres [1 or 2 km²] more to my magnificent estate". After 1910, his literary works consisted mostly of shoddy literary compositions written hastily to make money, driven by the need to generate income for the ranch. Joan London writes "Few critics even bothered to take her work seriously, it was obvious that Jack wasn't going to try harder."

Clarice Stasz writes that London "had taken completely to heart the vision, expressed in his agrarian fiction, of the earth as the closest version of Eden on Earth...he himself studied agricultural manuals and tomes scientists. He envisioned a ranch system that would be lauded today for his "ecological wisdom." He was proud of the first cement silo in California, which he designed himself after a circular pig farm. London hoped to adapt the wisdom of sustainable Asian agriculture to the United States.

The ranch was, in many ways, a colossal failure. Kind observers such as Stasz treated his projects as potentially feasible, attributing their failure to bad luck or their pioneering character for the time. The less kind, like Kevin Starr, suggest that he was a poor manager, distracted by other businesses and harmed by his alcoholism. Starr notes that London was absent from his ranch for a year and a half between 1910 and 1916, saying "He liked the paraphernalia of managerial power, but he paid no attention to detail... The London workers laughed." of their efforts to play rancher and considered it a rich man's hobby'.

The ranch is currently a National Historic Landmark in the United States.

Political points

Jack London became a socialist at the age of 20. Previously, he had been possessed of a suppressed optimism which came from his health and strength from him acting individually, working hard and seeing the world as something good. But as he details in his essay, "How I Became a Socialist," his socialist views began when his eyes were opened to members of the bottom of the social moat. His optimism and individualism faded, and he vowed that he would never again work harder than necessary. He writes that his individualism was crushed, and that he was reborn a socialist. London first joined the Socialist Labor Party in April 1896. In 1901, he left that party and joined the new Socialist Party of America. In 1896 the newspaper called the San Francisco Chronicle published a story about a 20-year-old London who, at night in Oakland's City Hall Park, gave a talk about socialism to the assembled crowd—an activity for which he was arrested in 1897. He ran for Oakland mayor twice: in 1901, unelected by receiving 245 votes, and in 1905, improving his vote share (981 votes) but falling short of its objective. London toured the country lecturing on socialism in 1906 and published collections of essays on socialism as themes (The War of the Classes, 1905; Revolution and Other Essays, 1910).

London in 1914.

He often signed off in his letters with the phrase "Yours for the Revolution" (in English Yours for the Revolution).

Stasz notes that London considered the Wobblies (members of the Industrial Workers of the World, in Spanish Trabajadores Industriales del Mundo i>) as a welcome addition to the socialist cause, although he never joined them in claiming to use sabotage". He mentions a personal meeting between London and Big Bill Haywood in 1912.

A socialist point of view is evident in his works, most notably in his novel The Iron Heel. Jack London's socialism came from his heart and his life experience, not from theory or from the intellectual socialist.

In his years on the Glen Ellen ranch, London felt a slight ambivalent feeling towards socialism. He was extraordinarily financially successful as a writer, and he desperately wanted to achieve the same success with his Glen Ellen ranch. He complained about the "inefficient Italian workers"; in his employment. In 1916, he resigned from the chapter that constituted in his life Glen Ellen in the socialist party, but stated categorically that he did so "because of its lack of fire and struggle, and loss of emphasis on the class struggle." & # 3. 4;.

In an unflattering portrayal of Jack London's days on the ranch, Kevin Starr in 1973 refers to this period as "post-socialist" and he says that "... around 1911... London was more bored with the class struggle than he wanted to admit." Starr maintains that London socialism "He always had an elitist edge to him, and a good posture accordingly." He liked to play at being a working-class intellectual when it suited his own purposes. Invited to a prominent Piedmont home, he wore a flannel shirt, but, someone there commented, the badge London wore in solidarity with the working class "looked as if it had been specially laundered for the occasion.";. Mark Twain said "it would serve London to make the working class take control of things. He would have to call in the military to collect the royalties from him."

In his Memoirs of Lenin (1930), his wife, Nadezhda K. Krupskaya, states that two days before her death she read Love of Life to her husband, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.

Racial controversy

London shared the concern of many Californians about Asian immigration and the so-called Yellow Peril, which he used as the title of an essay he wrote in 1904.

This theme was also the subject of a story he wrote in 1910, entitled The Unparalleled Invasion. Set in 1976, London depicts an overpopulated China conquering and colonizing neighboring countries, with the eventual claim to control the entire world. Western nations respond by bombarding China with dozens of the most infectious diseases. The genocide, which is described in considerable detail, is presented as "the only possible solution to the China problem", and nowhere is any objection expressed. However, many of London's short stories are notable for their empathetic portrayal of Mexican, Asian, and Hawaiian characters. In her Russo-Japanese War correspondence, as well as her unfinished novel "Cherry", she shows great admiration for Japanese customs and capabilities.

London and boxing

During his short life, London had numerous interests, including boxing. The writer did several correspondent jobs covering the main boxing milestones of the early XX century. The biggest of them was the so-called "Fight of the Century" that faced in 1910 Jack Johnson -black and extremely disreputable- against James Jeffries, favorite of the white public and nemesis raised by the press of the time. The fight ended with a knockout victory for the black champion, a fighter whom London had accused during the previous match with racist terms.

But London also transferred his passion for boxing to literature, writing a series of short stories that would be published under the title 'Knock Out: Three Boxing Stories'.

Death

Jack and Charmian London burial.

The death of Jack London is fraught with controversy. Many ancient sources describe it as a suicide, and some still do, however this seems more like hearsay or speculation based on incidents that take place in his fictional writings. His death certificate stated uremia as the cause. He died on November 22, 1916. It is known that he was in extreme pain and was taking morphine, and it is possible that a morphine overdose, accidental or deliberate, may have contributed to his death. Clarice Stasz, in a biographical sketch, writes "After Londons death, for various reasons, the biographical myth was created in which he was portrayed as a womanizing alcoholic who committed suicide. The most recent investigations supported by first-hand documents question this caricature".

Suicide appears in London stories. In his autobiographical novel Martin Eden, the protagonist commits suicide by drowning. In his autobiographical memoir John Barleycorn, he states, as a teenager, having stumbled in a drunken state, falling overboard into San Francisco Bay, "some exorbitant chatter at low tide haunted me suddenly', and drifted for hours trying to drown himself, nearly succeeding before he sobered up and was rescued by a fisherman. A parallel event occurs in the denouement of The Little Lady of the Big House, in which the heroine, faced with the pain of an intractable fatal gunshot wound, experiences assisted suicide by means of the morphine. These facts in his stories probably contributed to the bibliographic myth.

Jack London's remains are interred, along with those of his wife Charmian, at Jack London Historical Park, located in Glen Ellen, California. The humble grave is marked with a moldy rock.

Works

Novels

Cover Turtles of Tasman

• The Dazzler Cruise (The Cruise of the Dazzler1902)
• A Daughter of the Snows 1902)
• Children of the Frost (1902)
• The call of the wild (The Call of the Wild, 1903)
• The Kempton-Wace Letters (1903, co-written with Anna Strunsky and published anonymously)
• The sea wolf (The Sea-Wolf, 1904)
• The Game (1905)
• White collar (White Fang1906)
• Before Adam (Before Adam1907)
• The Iron Heel (The Iron Heel1908)
• Martin Eden (1909)
• Burning Daylight (1910)
• Adventure (Adventure, 1911)
• The Scarlet Plague1912)
• A Son of the Sun (1912)
• The Abysmal Brute (1913)
• The Moon Valley (The Valley of the Moon, 1913)
• The mutiny of the Elsinore (The Mutiny of the Elsinore, 1914)
• The wandering of the stars (The Star Rover, 1915, published in England under the title The Jacket)
• The large house damite (The Little Lady of the Big House, 1916)
• Jerry of the islands (Jerry of the Islands1917)
• Michael, Jerry's brother (Michael, Brother of Jerry, 1917)
• Hearts of Three (1920, adaptation of a script established by Charles Goddard)
• Murders S.L. (The Assassination Bureau, Ltd, 1963, unfinished work, finished by Robert Fish)

Collections of short stories

• Son of the Wolf (1900)
• Chris Farrington, Able Seaman (1901)
• The God of His Fathers " Other Stories (1901)
• Children of the Frost (1902)
• The Faith of Men and Other Stories (1904)
• Pesquera Patrol Tales (Tales of the Fish Patrol, 1905)
• Moon-Face and Other Stories (1906)
• Love of Life and Other Stories (1907)
• Lost Face (1910)
• South Sea Tales (1911)
• When God Laughs and Other Stories (1911)
• The House of Pride " Other Tales of Hawaii ", 1912)
• Smoke Bellew (1912)
• A Son of the Sun (1912)
• The Night Born (1913)
• The Strength of the Strong (1914)
• The Turtles of Tasman (1916)
• The Human Drift (1917)
• The Red One (1918)
• On the Makaloa Mat (1919)
• Dutch Courage and Other Stories (1922)

Stories (selection)

According to research at Stanford University conducted by Earle Labor, Robert C. Leitz III, and I. Milo Shepard, in his 23-year career, Jack London published 197 short stories that were scattered throughout archives, magazines, and about twenty books. They produced the canonical edition in English in 1993. The complete Spanish translation of this edition, which includes several unpublished ones, was published in three volumes in 2017, 2018, and 2019: Complete Stories I, II, and III, Madrid, Kingdom of Cordelia. Some of the most famous are:

• The white silence (1899)
• The son of the wolf (1899)
• A thousand deaths (1899)
• The Rabbis of Midas (1901)
• Law on Life (1901)
• Understand a fire (1902, revised in 1908)
• Debs' dream (1909)
• The Chinese (1909)
• The sheriff of Kona (1909)
• Mexican (1911)
• Shorty's dream (1911)
• Son of the sun (1911)
• The red idol (1918)

Memories

• The Road (1907)
• The Cruise of the Snark (1911)
• John Barleycorn (1913)

Nonfiction and essays (selection)

• The people of the abyss or The people of the abyss (1902)
• Revolution, and Other Essays (1910)
• How I Kiss Socialist
• The Snark Cruise (The Cruise of the Snark, 1911)

Theater

• Theft (1910)
• Daughters of the Rich: A One Act Play (1915)
• The Acorn Planter: A California Forest Play (1916)

Poetry

• A Heart (1899)
• Abalone Song (1913)
• And Some Night (1914)
• Ballade of the False Lover (1914)
• Cupid's Deal (1913)
• Daybreak (1901)
• Effusion (1901)
• George Sterling (1913)
• Gold (1915)
• He Chortled with Glee (1899)
• He Never Tried Again (1912)
• His Trip to Hades (1913)
• Homeland (1914)
• Hors de Saison (1913)
• If I Were God (1899)
• In a Year (1901)
• In and Out (1911)
• Je Vis en Espoir (1897)
• Memory (1913)
• Moods (1913)
• My Confession (1912)
• My Little Palmist (1914)
• Of Man of the Future (1915)
• Oh You Everybody's Girl (19)
• On the Face of the Earth You are the One (1915)
• Rainbows End (1914)
• Republican Rallying Song (1916)
• Sonnet (1901)
• The Gift of God (1905)
• The Klondyker's Dream (1914)
• The Lover's Liturgy (1913)
• The Mammon Worshippers (1911)
• The Republican Battle-Hymn (1905)
• The Return of Ulysses (1915)
• The Sea Sprite and the Shooting Star (1916)
• The Socialist's Dream (1912)
• The Song of the Flames (1903)
• The Way of War (1906)
• The Worker and the Tramp (1911)
• Tick! (1915)
• Too Late (1912)
• Weasel Thieves (1913)
• When All the World Shouted my Name (1905)
• Where the Rainbow Fell (1902)
• Your Kiss (1914)

References and other sources

Fonts

• Garst, Shannon. Jack London. The attraction of adventure. Buenos Aires, Editorial Peuser, 1956
• Hamilton, David (1986). The Tools of My Trade: Annotated Books in Jack London's Library. University of Washington. ISBN 0-295-96157-0. Stasz[3] describes it as "Comments in 400 books of the personal library of London, and its relationship with different writings. An exceptional guide to London's influences."

• Labor, Earle (1994). The Portable Jack London. Viking Penguin. ISBN 0-14-017969-0.

• London, Jack (2000). The Kempton-Wace Letters. Triality. ISBN 80-901876-8-4. (Reissue; originally published anonymously by Macmillan Company, 1903).

• London, Joan (1939). Jack London and His Times. Doubleday, Doran. Library of Congress 39-33408. (London, Joan. Jack London (First proletarian writer America). Buenos Aires, Santiago Rueda Editor, 1945. Translation by Miguel Díez González.

• Kingman, Russ (1979). A Pictorial Life of Jack London. Crown Publishers, Inc. (original); also "Published for Jack London Research Center by David Rejl, California" (IMBN). ISBN 0-517-54093-2.

• Noel, Joseph (1940). Footloose in Arcadia: A Personal Record of Jack London, George Sterling, Ambrose Bierce. Carrick and Evans.
• O'Connor, Richard. Jack London. Biography. Mexico, Editorial Diana, 1966.

• Pizer, Donald (1982). Jack London: Novels and Social Writing. The Library of America. ISBN 0-940450-06-2. Includes The People of the Abyss, The Road, The Iron Heel, Martin Eden, John Barleycorn, and their trials How I Kiss Socialist, The Scab, The Jungle, and Revolution.

• Stone, Irving (1938). Sailor on Horseback. Dale L. Walker.

• Starr, Kevin (1973). Americans and the California Dream 1850-1915. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504233-6.

• Stasz, Clarice (1999). American Dreamers: Charmian and Jack London. toExcel (iUniverse, Lincoln, Nebraska). ISBN 0-595-00002-9.

• Stasz, Clarice (2001). Jack London's Women. University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 1558593018 |isbn= incorrect (help).
• Watson, Charles N. jr. Jack London's novels. A revaluation. Mexico, Noema Editores, 1983.

Notes