Iztacalco
Iztacalco is one of the 16 territorial demarcations of Mexico City. Located in the center-east-south area of Mexico City, it borders to the north with the territorial demarcations of Venustiano Carranza and Cuauhtémoc, to the west with Benito Juárez, to the south with Iztapalapa and to the east with the municipality of Nezahualcóyotl in the State of Mexico. It is the smallest demarcation of the sixteen that share the capital's territory, with just 23.3 square kilometers that house a population close to 400,000 inhabitants.
The city hall building is located in the Gabriel Ramos Millán neighborhood. Iztacalco is home to the Magdalena Mixiuhca Sports City complex, which includes the Foro Sol, the Alfredo Harp Helú stadium and the Hermanos Rodríguez racetrack.
Toponymy
As in the case of other pre-Hispanic place names, the word Iztacalco has multiple interpretations. The most accepted of them is In the house of salt (Nahuatl: íztatl = salt; calli = house; and -co = place suffix). Other interpretations suggest that the name Iztacalco means Place of white houses (Nahuatl: íztac = white; calli = house; -co = place). Formerly, Iztacalco was written with x instead of z, but from the second half of the century XX writing with the second spelling became popular, and is the one used officially.
Iztacalco is identified by an emblem that represents a house in the style of the Mexica codices. On its roof there is a sun that radiates its light on the house. Inside it there is a grain of salt and on the salt, two glyphs that represent drops of rain. During the 1980s, this emblem was contained by an orange shield, but starting in 1997, the shield was replaced by a circle and the emblem was redesigned, although it includes the same elements.
Origins and glyph of Iztacalco In different codices, all made after the Conquest, the ancient history of Iztacalco is recorded, history that goes back around seven hundred years ago, when the Mexicas settled in one of the thirty and an islet in Lake Texcoco.
In the last codices that were produced, the pictographic representation was mixed with legends -written- in Nahuatl and Spanish.
From these masterfully drawn documents we know that the name of Iztacalco is closely linked to the process of obtaining salt from the brackish waters of Lake Texcoco, with a filter of earth and heat; the same procedure was used in the community as late as the early 20th century.
The Mendocino codex was created by the indigenous master painter Francisco Gualpuyoguálcal. This codex was sent by the first viceroy of New Spain, Don Antonio de Mendoza, to Carlos V. This document details the history, tributes, and customs of the Mexicas after the founding of Tenochtitlan until the reign of Moctezuma II.
The symbol that now serves as the emblem of the delegation was taken from the Mendocino codex. It is precisely a house with one of these filters, where the grains are represented by black dots, while volutes of steam sprout from the upper part and the filtered water accumulates in a vessel below.
Other codices in which Iztacalco also appears are the Aubin Codex or 1576 codex, the Osuma Codex, the Xólotl Codex, the Florentine Codex, the Azcatitlan Codex, the Cozcatzin Codex, the Boturini Codex -the symbol of Iztacalco also represents a filter, with the house signified from the front or in profile and the constant presence of the black dots that signify salt, so it can be concluded that the correct meaning of the name would be approximately that of "salt houses" or "in the salt house", a definition supported by authors such as Manuel Orozco y Berra, Fray Diego Durán, Antonio Peñafiel, Cecilio Robelo and Luis Cabrera. In the Xólotl Codex, one of the most important sources of pre-Hispanic history, Iztacalco, Zacatlalmanco and Mixiuhca are indicated as one of the last places visited by the pilgrimage of the Aztecs in their search for the promised land, after passing through Chapultepec, Culhuacan, Iztapalapa, Mexicaltzingo and Huexotla. In the same sheet, one can also see the presence of a canal or river, which is probably the place where the lakes of Chalco and Texcoco met, and which would later correspond to the Acequia Real, more recently known as the Canal de la Viga. In another of the pictures, the lord of Iztacalco carries a rod in his hand, symbolizing his vassalage before the ruler of Texcoco, Ixtlixóchitl. Composed in the mid-XVI century, this codex tells the story of the Chichimeca empire, from Xólotl to Nezahualcóyotl. Here the Iztacalco glyph is represented by a house in profile with two concentric points below meaning salt. The Osunta Codex had contentious value in its time, but it also provides us with valuable historical information: it was prepared as part of an investigation process commissioned by Felipe II to the visitor Jerónimo Valderrama between 1563 and 1566, to clarify certain claims made against of the viceregal authorities. Among the accused officials was the oidor Vasco de Puga, whom the people of Iztacalco accused of not delivering their tribute, of not paying for the pasture of their horses that they kept at the Iztacalco ranch, and of mistreating the Indians and their authorities. Iztacalco also appears on the map of Sigüenza, which is preserved in the National Museum of Anthropology; This codex contains the traditional Mexica history, and is also known as the "Hieroglyphic Map of the Pilgrimage of the Aztecs". From Iztacalco, represented as a house with two concentric circles at the top, the road starts towards Mixiuhcan, the last place where the Aztecs stopped before founding Tenochtitlan. As already mentioned, other codices referring to Aztec history are the Aubin and the Azcatitlan. The first, so named because it belonged to the Frenchman Joseph Aubin, was made on European paper and written in a mixture of Spanish and ideographic glyphs. In it, as in the Azcatitlan Codex, the Aztec presence is also mentioned in Pantitlán, a place where there was once an enormous whirlpool or sinkhole, clearly represented in the Florentine codex as a place marked with flags where they surrendered. tribute to Tlaloc and his wife, the goddess Chalchiutlicue. Lastly, the Cozcatzin codex, from 1535, and the Santa Anita Zacatlalmanco codex found in the Museum of Man in Paris have a referential value, since they were presented as evidence in different land lawsuits.
Geography
| Geographical maps of Iztacalco | |
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It is the smallest delegation in Mexico City. The little more than 23 km² that make up its territory are located almost entirely in the dried glass of what was Lake Texcoco. The exception is the islets where ancient pre-Hispanic towns were founded that lived from the cultivation of the chinampas. Thus, in the small Iztacalquense territory there is no significant elevation of the land, which rises to about 2,250 meters above sea level.
Like the rest of Mexico City, Iztacalco belongs to the geological province of Lakes and Volcanoes of Anahuac. It is part of two topographic systems: most of the territory corresponds to a lacustrine plain, and only a small section to the southeast, on the border with Iztapalapa, is a saline lacustrine plain. Its soil originated from the geological activity of the Quaternary Cenozoic, so it is an extremely recent territory in terms of the planet's geological history.
Regarding the climate of the delegation, most of it is part of a temperate semi-dry climate zone. Only the southwestern part --on the border with Iztapalapa and Benito Juárez-- has a sub-humid temperate climate with summer rains. Iztacalco is located in the driest area of Mexico City. The average annual rainfall does not exceed 600 mm. Only a small portion to the west of its territory presents an average of between 600 and 700 mm. annual.
The lake that covered most of its surface was first reduced to channels by the action of drainage works undertaken since the 18th century , and then surface water streams were piped. Currently, the Churubusco and Río de la Piedad rivers, which form the eastern and northern limits of Iztacalco, are large avenues that were built in the 1950s on the river beds. These transport water from the western slopes of Mexico City to Lake Nabor Carrillo, and from there, to the Tula basin. In 1849, an enterprising and enthusiastic man of that time, Don Mariano Ayllón, invested his entire fortune in the project. and obtained the concession to build a navigable river channel through the already existing Canal de la Viga, which began at the Garita de La Viga, whose current location would be at the intersection of Avenida Morelos, Eje 3 Sur, with the current Calzada de la Viga, and ended in what was then the great Lake of Xochimilco, still linked with that of Chalco. Don Mariano dedicated a large part of his life to this work, not with much success, since he ended up dying in misery.
The canal had to be dredged and given the necessary width in some parts and of course, it was also necessary to increase the height of the bridges that crossed it, all this allowed the first "Vapor" called "Hope" like the symbolic green of our national flag, it crossed the Canal de la Viga, by means of a powerful twenty-horsepower engine on July 21, 1850, on a first trip from the Garita de la Viga pier to the town from Chalco.
Iztacalco is a fully urbanized area. Therefore, the native ecosystems have been replaced by the asphalt layer. The Sports City remained as the only large green area in Iztacalco territory, but it was reforested with species such as eucalyptus and pines of various kinds.
Territorial division
The most located and well-known colonies in Iztacalco are Agrícola Oriental, Agrícola Pantitlán, Granjas México and Santa Anita, the first being the largest and most populated in the demarcation, including internationally renowned industrial centers such as the company Coca-Cola and the Benotto bike rack.
In addition, there are also the Militar Marte, Reforma Iztaccíhuatl Norte, Reforma Iztaccíhuatl Sur and Viaducto Piedad neighborhoods, considered subdivisions with a high and medium-high socioeconomic level in Mexico City; all of them located in the southern zone adjacent to Benito Juárez (the first three) and the center of the Mexican capital, (the last) bordering Cuauhtémoc and Benito Juárez.
The Iztacalco delegation has 38 territorial units:
- Pueblo de Iztacalco
- Barrio La Asunción
- Barrio Los Reyes
- Paraje Tlazintla
- Barrio San Miguel
- Barrio San Francisco Xicaltongo
- Barrio Santa Cruz
- Barrio Santiago
- Barrio San Sebastián Zapotla
- Pueblo Santa Anita Zacatlamanco Huehuetl
- Camp 2 of October
- Colonia San Pedro
- Oriental Agricultural Colony
- Pantitlán Agricultural Colony
- Colonia Carlos Zapata Vela
- Colonia Cuchilla Agrícola Oriental
- Colonia El Rodeo
- Colonia Gabriel Ramos Millán
- Colonia Gabriel Ramos Millán Section Bramadero
- Colonia Gabriel Ramos Millán Section Cuchilla
- Colonia Gabriel Ramos Millán Section Tlacotal
- Colony Enlargement Gabriel Ramos Millán
- Colonia Granjas Mexico
- Colonia Infonavit Iztacalco
- Colonia Jardines TECMA
- Colonia Juventino Rosas
- Colonia Reforma Iztaccíhuatl Norte
- Colonia Reforma Iztaccíhuatl Sur
- Colonia La Cruz
- Colonia Los Picos de Iztacalco Section 1 A
- Colonia Los Picos de Iztacalco Section 1 B
- Colonia Los Picos de Iztacalco Section 2 A
- Colonia INPI Picos
- Military colony Mars
- Colonia Nueva Santa Anita
- Colonia Viaducto Piedad
- Formerly La Magdalena Mixhuca
- Coyuya Fruiting
History
Pueblo, republic of Indians, parcialidad, estancia, municipality, city council, department: Iztacalco has known many forms of administration throughout almost seven centuries of a history that has always gone hand in hand with the history of the City of Mexico.
Due to its position in the middle of the Texcoco lagoon, the territory of Iztacalco was occupied late, compared to other parts of the Federal District. Its first inhabitants were related to the tasks of extracting salt from the waters of Texcoco. This can be seen in the same delegational emblem, which is a copy of the glyph that appears in the Mendocino codex. In it, Iztacalco appears represented a house with a filter for the separation of water and mineral.
It is supposed to have been one of the final points of the Mexica pilgrimage on its way to Tenochtitlan. During the Mesoamerican post-classic period, Iztacalco was a town subject to the power of the Lord of Texcoco, one of the Mexica's allies in the Triple Alliance.
After the fall of Tenochtitlan at the hands of the Spanish, the town of Iztacalco was occupied by Franciscan missionaries, who founded a convent dedicated to San Matías in that place, in the middle of the lake. Due to the low population of the place, the number of religious in the convent was too small. In addition, it was not until the 17th century that the first records of baptisms in the vicarage were available. the town of Iztacalco did not reach three hundred people.
In 1850 the first steamboat was introduced into the Valley of Mexico. This made its way through the channel of La Viga from Mexico City to Xochimilco. Around that same time, Iztacalco and its chinamperos towns became one of the main outings for the city's inhabitants. It is said that President Benito Juárez was very eager to walk through the canals of Iztacalco, and that he even on some occasion was about to die in an accident on the steamer that took him through La Viga. In 1855, the territory of the Federal District was organized into municipalities. One of them was the one that had its head in Iztacalco. It included the towns of Santa Anita Zacatlamanco, Iztacalco and its eight barrios; as well as several that currently belong to the territory of Iztapalapa (Aculco, Atlazolpa, Nextipac) and Benito Juárez (Zacahuitzco). At the end of the XIX century, Iztacalco became dependent on the municipality of Tlalpan, and by then had some 2,800 inhabitants in their neighborhoods, ranches and towns.
During the XIX century, Iztacalco was a strategic transit point between the riverside towns of Lake Xochimilco and the Mexico City. Through its channels the agricultural products of Iztapalapa, Tláhuac, Chalco, Xochimilco, Mixquic and Milpa Alta were transported. To them were added those of the iztacalquense chinampería. In Zacatlamanco there was a wharf for trajineras and a market was formed around it where all kinds of vegetables were sold.
At the beginning of the XX century, the image of Iztacalco and its towns was still that of a rural area, surrounded by flower and vegetable gardens. It also continued to be one of the main promenades in the Federal District, although it was beginning to be displaced by other areas in the southwest such as Mixcoac and San Ángel. In the 1930s, the La Viga canal was blocked up. At present, the navigation channels through which the canoes with agricultural products passed to Mexico City no longer exist, so the activity in the chinampería came to an end when it was deprived. of the water necessary for its cultivation. On the Iztacalco canals, numerous avenues were built that today are part of the primary road network of Mexico City. The first industries were established in Iztacalco around the middle of the XX century, when the delegation was part of the capital's periphery. Given its proximity to the Historic Center, the territory was urbanized early.
Politics
As one of the territorial demarcations of Mexico City, the Iztacalquenses have only elected their heads of government since the year 2000. Before that date, the delegates were appointed by the heads of public administration in the Mexican capital. In the Legislative Assembly of the Federal District, Iztacalco is represented by two deputies. In the Congress of the Union he is represented by a deputy. Since the people of the capital elect their popular representatives and the heads of the local administration in 1997, the elections have been dominated by the Partido de la Revolución Democrática, which in this demarcation has obtained victories in the elections for delegation head in 2000, 2003, 2006 and 2009.
Delegates
Delegation Heads
- Diana Bernal Ladrón de Guevara (16 December 1997 - 31 March 2000)
- Ricardo Ruiz Suárez (26 April 2000 - 30 September 2000)
- Margarita Elena Tapia Fonllem (1 October 2000 - 30 September 2003)
- Armando Quintero Martínez (1 October 2003 - 30 September 2006)
- Erasto Ensástiga Santiago (1 October 2006 - 17 February 2009)
- Fernando Rosique Castillo (6 May 2009 - 30 September 2009)
- Francisco Sánchez Cervantes (1 October 2009 - 30 September 2012)
- Elizabeth Mateos Hernández (1 October 2012 - 30 September 2015)
- Carlos Estrada Meraz (1 October 2015 - 2017)
- Aurelio Alfredo Reyes García
Mayors
- Armando Quintero Martínez (1 October 2018 - 30 September 2024)
Infrastructure
Cultural services
Libraries
Iztacalco has eleven libraries dependent on the Iztacalco mayor's office. They are modest in size and mainly serve the demand of basic level students in the demarcation.
The largest of these is the Central Library, located near the city hall building. This library, however, does not compare with that of UPIICSA, although the collection of the polytechnic library is too specialized.
The Digna Ochóa library is one of the eleven libraries of this mayor's office, it is located in the Gabriel Ramos Millán neighborhood, bramadero section. Their service hours are Monday through Sunday from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. m. to 7:00 p.m. m.
Houses of Culture
The mayor's office operates ten houses of culture, whose coverage is restricted to the colonias where they are located, being welcome neighbors from all the colonias and other territorial demarcations of Mexico City or the State of Mexico. The most important of these is the Siete Barrios, which is located in the town of Iztacalco. One of these houses of culture is called "Las Jarrillas", which is easy to locate on Avenida Plutarco Elías Calles and Sur 109, it has an eco-urban laboratory called "ALAS", which also supports the cultivation of plants and flowers on the ridge of Avenida Plutarco.
There is no public auditorium. However, the Palacio de los Deportes and the Foro Sol, inside the Hermanos Rodríguez Autodrome, function as the setting for various cultural events --especially commercial music concerts--, although none of them is operated by the government, rather they have been awarded to private companies.
Currently, it has the Iztacalco Cultural and Recreational Lighthouse, a cultural venue located in the Agrícola Oriental neighborhood that has a program of temporary painting and photography exhibitions, a program of workshops, a movie club, and end-of-year activities. week, ceramic painting classes every day of the week, programming of professional theater, dance, music and puppet groups.
Among these activities includes a free photography workshop taught by professional photographers at the service of the Iztacalco mayor's office, where you learn from making your own pinhole camera to handling and editing digital cameras and photography, without forgetting the traditional camera 35 mm. It has a jogging track, cachibol court, basketball court, skating rink, library, internet room, video projection room, reading room, children's recreational area, outdoor gym and an outdoor forum free roofed with lonaria.
As of 2012, the mayor's office has a new cultural center called L.A.T.A (Laboratory of Arts and Alternative Work). It is located in the Cuchilla Ramos Millán neighborhood, near the esplanade of the mayor's office, and has various cultural and artistic activities such as concerts, film clubs, courses, workshops, and exhibitions.
Roads
Iztacalco has one of the best road networks in Mexico City. Its northern limit is indicated by the axis of the Río de la Piedad Viaduct, which crosses Mexico City from west to east, and ends at the Ignacio Zaragoza road. This expressway leads southeast towards the Mexico-Puebla highway.
The eastern limit of the delegation is constituted by the Peripheral Ring and the Churubusco River, a fast road that surrounds the urban area of Mexico City. Through the center of the delegation passes the Interior Circuit, built on the bed of the Churubusco River.
In the west of the delegation, near the old town of Iztacalco, is the Viaducto Piedad neighborhood, which is connected by Avenida Plutarco Elías Calles and Calzada de Tlalpan
To this vitally important network due to its speed and length, we must add the presence of several road axes, whose construction began in the 1970s.
The territory of Iztacalco is included between Axis 3 South and Axis 5 South, Axis 1 East and Axis 5 East, and Axis 1 North
Transportation
The backbone of transportation in Iztacalco is the Mexico City Metro Collective Transportation System. Five lines of the network cross the delegation. From east to west runs line 9, whose eastern terminal Pantitlán has the largest urban and suburban bus stop in the capital.
In addition, it is the terminus of three other lines, one of which heads east through the Iztacalquense territory towards Iztapalapa and La Paz. From north to south, lines 4 and 8 run through Iztacalco. The first of them has its southern terminal, in Santa Anita, near the border with Iztapalapa, and line 2 that passes through the border between this town hall and the Benito Juárez town hall only in Viaduct station.
Public transportation in Iztacalco is complemented by numerous bus lines run by parastatals in the capital or by private corporations. Previously, it had four trolleybus lines controlled by the Electric Transport Service of Mexico City.
The trolleybus lines in the demarcation were:
- Line 9: Circuit Villa de Cortés (replaced from January 30, 2021 as Line 9)
- Line 2: Zero Corridor Emissions "Axis 2 - 2A South" (now known as Line 2. Following the fire in the Metro PCCI, it offers service from Velódromo to Metro Pantitlán)
Because Iztacalco is a demarcation of Mexico City, it does not have its own terminals for transportation outside the Metropolitan Area.
To do this, it is necessary to use one of the four bus terminals or the Mexico City International Airport. None of these facilities are located in the demarcation.
Metro stations in Iztacalco
| Station | Line |
|---|---|
| Viaducto |  |
| Santa Anita |   |
| Coyuya | |
| Iztacalco | |
| Velódromo |  |
| Sports City | |
| Puebla | |
| Pantitlán |  |
| Oriental poultry | |
| Canal de San Juan | |
Metrobus
The line that covers this demarcation is line 2, with the stations: Andrés Molina Enríquez, La Viga, Coyuya, Canela, Tlacotal, Goma, Iztacalco, UPIICSA, El Rodeo, Río Frío. The service of this line began on December 18, 2008. As a result of the expansion of Metrobús line 5, a new station was built for this route: Metro Coyuya, which allows a faster and safer transfer between both lines and has a connection with the Line 8 of the Subway.
Another line that also crosses Iztacalco is line 5. In August 2017, it was announced that it would be expanded on Eje 3 Oriente - Francisco del Paso y Troncoso, Calzada del Hueso and Canal de Miramontes, crossing through the territorial demarcations of Venustiano Carranza, Iztacalco, Iztapalapa, Coyoacán and Tlalpan; later the route was changed to Preparatory 1, in Xochimilco, and crosses Avenida Cafetales, goes up the Muyuguarda road distributor, continues along the avenue of the same name, Avenida de La Noria and until it reaches Prolongación Ignacio Aldama street. The first stage of the expansion, from San Lázaro to Las Bombas, was delivered on August 30, 2020, but it was opened to the public on September 7 of the same year. The stations located within the demarcation are: Hospital General Troncoso, Metro Coyuya (Connection with Metro Line 8 and Metrobús 2), Recreo, Oriente 116, Colegio de Bachilleres 3 (Connection with Metro Line 8 and Trolleybus Line 9) and Canal de Apatlaco.
Educational offer
In Iztacalco is the Interdisciplinary Professional Unit in Engineering and Social and Administrative Sciences (UPIICSA) of the National Polytechnic Institute, the second Mexican institution for its importance in higher education. In this institution, university studies in engineering, computer science and administration are offered, where foreign languages such as English, French, Japanese and Italian can also be studied.
Similarly, there is the ESEF (Higher School of Physical Education) that trains normal teachers in this field and there is also the National School of Sports Trainers, an institution that trains graduates in Sports Training. At the upper secondary level (corresponding to the baccalaureate cycle) are Campus 2 of the National Preparatory School (UNAM), the Iztacalco High School, dependent on the Institute of Higher Secondary Education of the Federal District (IEMS-DF); Campus 3 of the Metropolitan College of Bachelors; as well as two technical training schools belonging to the DGETI such as the Center for Technological, Industrial and Services Studies 31 and 76 of the Federal Government's Secretariat of Public Education.
Private schools
Privately supported schools from preschool to high school within the mayor's office
- Cefarhu Iztacalco
- Beaumont College
- Colegio Bilingüe Quetzal
- Colegio Michelet de México
- Skinner College
- Ahatzin Cultural Institute
- Instituto de Estudios Básicos Amado Nervo
- Guillermo Marconi Institute
- Instituto María P. de Alvarado
Citizen Attention
Any citizen who comes to solve a problem related to one or more of various areas is served: legal, administrative, labor, health.
Health services
Iztacalco has five health centers, all of them operated by the Iztacalco Health Jurisdiction, CS-TIII "José Soyaza" dependent on the Ministry of Health of the Federal District (SS-DF) and is located at Corregidora no. the height of the Coyuya Metro station.
The services of the health centers are free in the terms considered in the current legislation on health in Mexico City. The free service includes the consultation and the supply of some medicines. Health centers can refer their patients to public hospitals in cases that require it.
For its part, the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) operates a general hospital in the area in the delegation, it is unit No.30, and likewise it is located on Av. Plutarco Elías Calles before reaching the Iztacalco Health Jurisdiction, but it only provides its services to insured workers or people who have joined the Seguro Popular system.
In Av. México and calle 2 Col. Pantitlán is the Family Medicine Unit # 34 of the IMSS, which has the following services: family consultation, maternal and child nursing clinical laboratory, occupational medicine, family planning, preventive medicine, dental and social work.
These establishments provide primary-level medical care, although they cannot receive emergency cases or cases that require hospitalization.
Within the demarcation, Located at Av. Coyuya and Embankment of Río Frío, no number, col. La Cruz is also home to the Iztacalco Pediatric Hospital, part of the Hospital Network of the Federal District Government Health Secretariat, considered a second-level care unit, where medical emergencies are attended 24 hours a day, with areas of specialization in Pediatric Orthopedics, Ophthalmology, Dental, Urology, Nephrology and recently Neonatology, providing complementary comprehensive care with physical rehabilitation, Inhalation therapy, pediatric surgery, General Pediatrics, among others.
Center for Assistance and Social Integration
Within the Delegation is the C.A.I.S. Coruña Niños (Centro de Asistencia e Integración Social), in which the Government of Mexico City offers attention to boys, girls and youngsters living on the streets, depends on the Institute for Assistance and Social Integration (IASIS), which is a Directorate General of the Secretariat of Social Development (SEDESOL).
It is a filter center that works 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, receiving children and young people from 13 to 21 years old, who are on the streets and have addiction problems.
Provides assistance services such as shelter, food, clothing, hot water for baths, etc., it also offers support in areas such as social work, tutoring, psychology, medical service, nursing, education, as well as a detoxification station (it is worth mentioning that all services are free).
We work directly with children and young people, in the elaboration of a life plan, as well as the development of activities tending to achieve stability in all aspects.
Activities are carried out that allow them to reinforce the commitment to independence, inside and outside the Center, with an established schedule, complying with the norms and rules of coexistence, they also participate in organized activities that allow them to establish social relationships.
Green areas
Because most of its land belongs to the urban sprawl of Mexico City, Iztacalco has a great lack of parks or public gardens. The largest green space in the delegation is the Ciudad Deportiva Magdalena Mixiuhca, a space reforested with eucalyptus trees that houses numerous sports facilities.
The Agrícola Oriental neighborhood (east, on the border with Iztapalapa) also has an ecological park that also serves as an environmental education school. Its surface does not exceed one hectare. In this same neighborhood, it has a semi-Olympic pool that provides services to the community in general, in a wide and flexible schedule according to the individual activities of the users. The age range to be accepted is a minimum of 6 years. It has trained teachers and placement levels from beginners to advanced and teams that represent it in different competitions at the zone level and Mexico City Within the same site where it is located there is a children's recreational space, soccer field, kiosk for meetings and a small cultural center.
On Sunday, February 20, 2005, the Ex Lago Infonavit park was inaugurated, with an investment of 8 million 400 thousand pesos, informed Armando Quintero Martínez, then Delegation Chief.
The park, with an area of 21,681 square meters, has areas for children, youth, and seniors. It has a skating rink, tennis courts and cachibol. It also has areas where plastic arts workshops will be given for children under eight years of age.
The fountain that was installed is a work that allows the rescue of an area of Iztacalco that had been abandoned for years.
Economy
Iztacalco is the second political delegation with the largest number of industrial establishments in Mexico City. They are especially concentrated in a subdivision known as Granjas México, located between the provincial capital and the Ciudad Deportiva.
It is very important to mention that, in the Agrícola Oriental neighborhood there are sweet, food, industrial and pharmaceutical factories, this being the largest presence of this type in Mexico City, in addition to the Vallejo neighborhood in the Azcapotzalco delegation; Likewise, here are some companies with high prestige in the market, apart from small and minor companies.
Trade
It is estimated that the existing supply within the delegation meets the needs with 16 public markets and 9 commercial concentrations, with a total of 3,985 tenants, representing an average of 1.8 markets and 89 tenants for every 10,000 inhabitants. In addition, there are 11 street markets and 4 markets on wheels that are established on different days of the week within the area of the delegation. The proximity to the Central de Abastos is an important factor for Iztacalco in supply and trade, even so, a market is needed in the Santa Anita and Granjas México neighborhoods.
Some shops are located in the Gabriel Ramos Millán neighborhood and the Picos 1 units, as well as the famous Apatlaco market that goes from the east 3 axis (Francisco del Paso and Troncoso) to Calzada de la Viga. Including within this tour a market and a shopping area of Outlet's.
Demographics
The population of Iztacalco is mostly upper-middle class to lower class and with upper-class (Colonia Militar Marte and Reforma Iztaccihuatl Norte) and upper-middle class (Colonia Viaducto Piedad, and Reforma Iztaccihuatl Sur) socioeconomic nuclei.
According to the 2000 census, the population is 411,321 people, of which 215,321 are women and 196,000 are men, which represents 4.77% of the total population of the Federal District. However, in the last Population and Housing Count of 2010, INEGI registered a total population of 112,336,538 of which 54,855,231 were men and 57,481,307 women.
Its population density is 17,884 inhabitants/km², an index 365 times higher than the national average and 2.1 times higher than that of the Federal District.
The population growth rate shows a negative trend. In the five years from 1990 to 1995, the population decreased at a rate of -1.19%. For the next five years, 1995-2000, the population fell by 8,265 people. In total, in the decade 1990-2000, growth was -0.9%
25.53% of the population (103,506) are between 0 and 14 years of age; 67.61% (274 thousand 047) are in the range of 15-64 years and 6.84% (27 thousand 745) are 65 years or older. Currently there is a process of change towards an older population: in 1980, the median age was 16 years, while in 2000 it is 27 years, equal to that of the Federal District.
The overall fertility rate for the year 1999 for the Iztacalco Delegation was 1.9, the seventh lowest in the Federal District, and 2.11 in the year 2000. This means that at the end of her reproductive life, each woman has in average 2 children.
Between 1990 and 1999, the crude birth rate decreased from 35.6 births per thousand inhabitants to 25.2.
The female population aged 12 and over represents a total of 170,975 people. In this group, between January 1999 and February 2000, the birth of 8 thousand 151 live children was registered. Of these, 6 births were to girls between 12 and 14 years of age and 880 births were to adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age. With these figures, an adolescent pregnancy rate of 10.86% is observed, a figure relatively lower than that registered in the Federal District, which is 11.3%.
Of the women older than 12 years, 15 thousand 580 (9.2%) live in free union; 47,470 (28.05%) are civilly and religiously married; 16,867 (9.96%) are married only civilly; 1,099 (6.4%) are married only religiously; 14 thousand 064 (8.3%) are widows, 4 thousand 094 (2.41%) are divorced, 9 thousand 205 (5.43%) are separated and 60 thousand 591 (35.8%) are single.
The three leading causes of death in 2001 were heart disease, with a rate of 102.7 deaths per hundred thousand inhabitants, diabetes mellitus, with 101.5, and malignant tumors, with 80.6.
The natural growth rate, determined by birth and death rates, decreased from 3.0 in 1990 to 1.9 in 2000.
Demographics
- Life expectancy: 76 years for women and 72 years for men.
- Marriages registered in the delegation in 1999: 3 thousand 004.
- Divorce registered in the delegation in 1999: 99.
- Administrative divorce (by common partner agreement): 99.
- People who speak some indigenous language: 5,389 (nahuatl and zapoteco, mainly).
- Economically active population: 175 thousand 568
- Private houses: 44 thousand 353
Regarding the religion of the population aged 5 years and over, 90.42% claim to be Catholic, 3.9% Protestant or Evangelical, 3.15% from another Evangelical church, 2.7% without religion and 1% Jehovah's Witness.
Iztacalco occupies the ninth place among the delegations by number of people in conditions of marginality: 132 thousand 549 people suffer some degree of marginality, which corresponds to 32.2% of its population and 4.6% of the total marginalized population of the Federal District. The number of homes with this problem rises to 31,335, which are concentrated in 25,592 homes.
According to the degree of marginalization, Iztacalco has a proportion of 0.8% of people (1,044) living in conditions of very high marginality, and 13.4% live in conditions of high marginality, the lowest percentages in the Federal District.
In contrast, 85.8% of the marginalized population suffers from an average degree of marginalization, the highest in the Federal District.
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