Isin

Isin and Babylon during the dynasty houses, 13th century B. C.

Isin was an ancient city-state in Lower Mesopotamia.

History

It originated as a small town, founded by the Sumerians in Lower Mesopotamia, which grew, becoming a village and then a city-state. It is named as an independent around 2400 BC. C. happening around 2350 a. C. at the hands of Lugalzagesi de Umma and, after his defeat at the hands of Sargon I, to the Akkadian domain. Around 2200 B.C. C. was independent again and by the middle of the XXI century B.C. C., the king of Ur, became master of the region of Isin and Mari.

In 2015 B.C. C., the Hurrian governor of this last city, Ishbi-Erra, usurps the throne of Isin and begins his conquests: in 2015 a. C., Nippur, around 2000 B.C. C., Ešnunna, and in 1998 a. C., Ur, Eridu and Uruk. In 1985 B.C. C. Ishbi-Erra dies and is succeeded by Shu-Ilishu (1985 BC-1975 BC), and then Iddindagam (1975 BC-1954 BC). In 1970 B.C. C. he subdued the city of Der. In 1954 B.C. C., Ishmedagan, succeeded Iddindagam. The hegemony began to run out when, in 1925 a. C., Larsa conquered Ur, Uruk and Eridu. In 1898 B.C. C. Isin reconquered Ur ephemerally. In 1875 B.C. C., Larsa already had the hegemony and Isin had been reduced to the city, its own territory and the city of Nippur, which Larsa occupied in 1895 BC. C. but Isin recovered, and that oscillated between the two.

In 1865 B.C. C. the vassal king of Uruk became independent. In 1838 B.C. C. lost Nippur again at the hands of Larsa. but he was able to get it back. In 1835 B.C. C., Larsa occupied Nippur, but the Isin dynasty fell, Nippur became independent (1834 BC), until the following year Isin occupied it. In 1830 B.C. C., Isin had to conquer it again, perhaps by a revolt or by a conquest by Larsa. In 1828 B.C. BCE, Larsa conquered Nippur and Isin recaptured it in 1813 BCE. C., but only for a year, then in 1812 a. C., Larsa conquered her for the umpteenth time. In 1802 B.C. C., Isin recaptured Nippur. In 1793 B.C. C., Larsa, occupied Isin. Nippur became briefly independent but was also occupied. In 1762 B.C. C., passed to Babylonia, which will maintain it with the exception of short periods of domination by Assyria (1235 BC-1227 BC), Elam (1159 BC-1156 BC), and of independence (1156 BC-1135 BC). Then followed the history of Babylon.

Dynasties and Kings

Hymn to Iddindagan, ca. 1950 B.C., Louvre Museum.

First Dynasty

• Ishbierra 2017-1985 a. C.
• Shu-Ilishu 1984-1974 a. C.
• Iddin-Dagan 1974-1953 a. C.
• Ishmedagan1953-1934 a. C.
• Lapiteshtar 1934-1923 a. C.
• Urninurta (usurpador) 1923-1895 a. C.
• Bursin 1895-1874 a. C.
• Lipitenul 1874-1869 a. C.
• Erraimitti1869-1861 a. C.
• Enlilbani 1861-1837 a. C.
• Zambiya 1837-1834 a. C.
• Iterpisha 1834-1830 a. C.
• Ur-Dul-Kuga 1830-1827 a. C.
• Sin-Magir 1827-1816 a. C.
• Damiq-ilishu 1816-1793 a. C.

Period of foreign domination

• Larsa Domination 1793-1762 a. C.
• Domination of Babylon 1762-1235 a. C.
• Assyria Domination 1235-1227 a. C.
• Domination of Babylon 1227-1159 a. C.
• Elam Domination 1159-1156 a. C.

Reindependence: Second Dynasty

• Marduk Kabitahkheshu 1156-1139 a. C.
• Ittimardukbalatu 1139-1135 a. C.

In 1135 B.C. C, the second king of the Second Dynasty of Isin, Itti-Marduk-balatu, transfers the seat of Government to Babylon.