Industrial Light & Magic

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Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) is a company dedicated to producing visual effects and computer-generated graphics for films. It was founded by George Lucas in May 1975, becoming owned by Lucasfilm Ltd. Lucas created the company when he closed the special effects department at 20th Century Studios, just after getting the green light for the production of Star Wars. The studio was originally established in Van Nuys, California and later moved to San Rafael. It is currently based at the Letterman Digital Arts Center, located in the Presidio of San Francisco in California. ILM continues to use part of the San Rafael building (built in 1991 specifically for ILM) for its model shop.

History

This venture arose from Lucas' desire to include never-before-seen visual effects in his film Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope. 2023 2001: A Space Odyssey. He declined the position, but recommended John Dykstra, his assistant, for the position. Dykstra gathered a small group of university students, artists and engineers, who turned the Visual Effects department into A New Hope. Running the company alongside Dykstra were Dennis Muren, Richard Edlund, Joe Johnston and Phil Tippet.

During production of Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back, Lucas reformed most of the team at Industrial Light and Magic in Marin County, California. Since then, they have generated special and visual effects for more than two hundred films, including all of Indiana Jones, Harry Potter, Jurassic Park i>, Back to the Future, Star Trek and even for films whose use of special effects is much less intensive, such as Schindler's List, Magnolia and many of Woody Allen's films. They also collaborate regularly with Steven Spielberg, with Dennis Muren as Visual Effects Supervisor.

ILM began using computer generated graphics when they hired Edwin Catmull in 1979 from NYIT. John Lasseter worked for ILM in the early 1980s as an animator. The computer graphics department, currently known as Pixar, was sold to Steve Jobs, who commissioned it to create the first fully computer-generated feature film (Toy Story).

As of 2007, ILM had received 16 Oscars for best special effects and more than 20 nominations, as well as 22 more Oscars in other technical categories. In 2012, Lucasfilm (including ILM) is acquired by Disney, for a value of 4 billion dollars.

Jobs and innovations

  • 1977: The ILM team resurfaces the use of VistaVision; first use of a motion control camera (Star Wars: Episode IV - A new hope).
  • 1980: First use of animation technique go motion in the tauntaun and AT-AT The counter-attack empire.
  • 1982: First sequence generated entirely with computer (the Genesis sequence in Star Trek II: The wrath of Khan).
  • 1985: First character completely generated by computer, the gentleman of the window Young Sherlock Holmes.
  • 1988: The first morphing is used in Willow for the scene where the sorcerer Fin Raziel suffers a series of transformations in different animals.
  • 1989: First character generated with 3D graphics, the pseudopode The Abyss.
  • 1991: First main character partially generated by computer, the T-1000 Terminator 2: the final judgment.
  • 1992: First time the texture of human skin was generated by computer, in Death Becomes Her.
  • 1993: First time digital technology was used to create complete and highly detailed living beings, dinosaurs Jurassic Parkwhich was also awarded the thirteenth Oscar for ILM.
  • 1995: First film of computer-generated photorealistic animals, mainly used in monkeys and lions in the film Jumanji.
  • 1996: First main character completely generated by computer, Draco en Dragonheart.
  • 1999: First character created by computer with human anatomy, Imhotep in The mummy.
  • 2000: Creation of the OpenEXR image format.
  • 2006: For the crew of the Davy Jones ship Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest, development of the IMoCap system (“Image Based Motion Capture Technology”), which uses computer-based visual tracking techniques by capturing the movement of actors that move on a decor.
  • 2011: First animated film produced by ILM, Rango.
  • 2019: first use of rendering in real time (with Unreal Engine) and digital LED screens as virtual scenario (known as StageCraft or The Volume), The Mandalorian

Selected ILM filmography

Year! Highlights
1971
  • THX 1138
1977
  • Star Wars: Episode IV - A new hope (Oscar to the best visual effects)
1980
  • Star Wars: Episode V - The Contraat Empire (Oscar to the best visual effects)
1981
  • Raiders of the Lost Ark (Oscar to the best visual effects)
  • Dragonslayer (first production not of Lucasfilm)
1982
  • Poltergeist
  • E.T., the alien (Oscar to the best visual effects)
  • Star Trek II: The wrath of Khan
  • The Dark Crystal
1983
  • Star Wars: Episode VI - Return of the Jedi (Oscar to the best visual effects)
  • Twice Upon a Time
1984
  • The NeverEnding Story (Oscar to the best visual effects)
  • Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (Oscar to the best visual effects)
  • Star Trek III: Looking for Spock
  • Starman
  • Ghostbusters
1985
  • Mishima, a life in four chapters
  • The Goonies
  • Cocoon
  • Back to the Future
  • Explorers
  • Young Sherlock Holmes
  • Out of Africa
  • Enemy mine
1986
  • Home, sweet home
  • Labyrinth
  • Howard the duck
  • Captain EO
  • Star Trek IV. Mission: Save the Earth
  • The Golden Child
1987
  • Star Tours
  • Harry and the Hendersons
  • The Witches of Eastwick
  • Spaceballs
  • Innerspace
  • The Sun Empire
  • Batteries Not Included
1988
  • Willow
  • The Last Temptation of Christ
  • Who tricked Roger Rabbit? (Oscar to the best visual effects)
  • Caddyshack II
  • Tucker: a man and his dream
  • Cocoon: the return
  • The Accidental Tourist
1989
  • The 'Burbs'
  • Skin Deep
  • Leviathan
  • Field of Dreams
  • Indiana Jones and the last crusade
  • Star Trek V: The Final Frontier
  • Ghostbusters II
  • The Abyss (Oscar to the best visual effects)
  • Back to the Future Part II
  • Always
1990
  • The Hunt for Red October
  • Joe against the volcano
  • Dreams
  • Back to the Future Part III
  • The avenger of the future
  • Die Hard 2
  • Ghost
  • Aracnophobia
  • Godfather III
  • Kindergarten Cop
1991
  • Flight of the Intruder
  • The Doors
  • Switch
  • Backdraft
  • Hudson Hawk
  • The Rocketeer
  • Terminator 2: the final judgment (Oscar for better visual effects)
  • Star Trek VI: That unknown country
  • Hook
1992
  • Memoirs of an Invisible Man
  • Death Becomes Her
  • The Public Eye
1993
  • Alive
  • Fire in the sky
  • Jurassic Park (Oscar for better visual effects)
  • Last Action Hero
  • Rising Sun
  • The Meteor Man
  • Manhattan Murder Mystery
  • Malice
  • The Nightmare Before Christmas
  • The Nutcracker
  • The list of Schindler
1994
  • The Hudsucker Proxy
  • Maverick
  • The Picapiedra
  • Wolf
  • Baby's Day Out
  • Forrest Gump (Oscar for better visual effects)
  • The mask
  • In the Mouth of Madness
  • Radioland Murders
  • Star Trek: Generations
  • Disclosure
1995
  • The People of the Damned (1995 film)
  • Casper
  • Congo
  • The Magic Key
  • The American President
  • Jumanji
  • Sabrina
1996
  • Twister
  • Impossible mission
  • Dragonheart
  • I was.
  • Sleepers
  • The Trigger Effect
  • Star Trek: First Contact
  • 101 Dalmatians
  • Daylight
  • Mars Attacks!
1997
  • The Lost World: Jurassic Park
  • Speed 2: Cruise Control
  • Black men
  • Contact
  • Spawn
  • Deconstructing Harry
  • Titanic (Oscar to the best visual effects)
  • Starship Troopers
  • Flubber
  • Midnight in the garden of good and evil (film)
  • Friendship
1998
  • Deep Rising
  • Mercury Rising
  • Deep Impact
  • Small warriors
  • Saving Private Ryan
  • Snake Eyes
  • Celebrity
  • Reach the Rock
  • Meet Joe Black
  • Jack Frost
  • Mighty Joe Young
1999
  • Heaven of October
  • The mummy
  • Star Wars: Episode I - The Ghost Threat
  • Wild West
  • The Haunting
  • Deep Blue Sea
  • Sweet and lowdown
  • Snow Falling on Cedars
  • Bringing Out the Dead
  • Sleepy Hollow
  • The Green Mile
  • Heroes out of orbit
  • Magnolia
  • Heroes out of orbit
2000
  • Mission to Mars
  • The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle
  • The perfect storm
  • Space Cowboys
  • Pollock
  • Pay It Forward
2001
  • The Pledge
  • Sweet November
  • The Mummy Returns
  • Pearl Harbor
  • A.I. Artificial Intelligence
  • Jurassic Park III
  • The planet of apes
  • Impostor
  • Harry Potter and Philosopher Stone
  • The Majestic
2002
  • Time machine
  • Big Trouble
  • Star Wars: Episode II - Clone Attack
  • Pregnant of love
  • The Bourne Identity
  • Minority Report
  • Men of Black II
  • K-19: The Widowmaker
  • Signals
  • Blood debt
  • Harry Potter and Secret Camera
  • Gangs of New York
2003
  • Sun tears
  • The Dream Hunter
  • The Hunted
  • Hulk
  • Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl
  • Terminator 3: Machine rebellion
  • The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen
  • Once Upon a Time in Mexico
  • Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World
  • Timeline
  • Peter Pan
  • Stuck on You
2004
  • Along Came Polly
  • Hidalgo
  • Twisted
  • Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow
  • Van Helsing
  • The Day After Tomorrow
  • Harry Potter and the prisoner of Azkaban
  • The Chronicles of Riddick
  • The Bourne Supremacy
  • The Village
  • Eros
  • Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events
2005
  • Are We There Yet?
  • Son of the Mask
  • The Pacifier
  • The Amityville Horror
  • XXX 2: state of emergency
  • Star Wars: Episode III - The Sith Revenge
  • The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl
  • The War of the Worlds
  • Herbie: Fully Loaded
  • The Island
  • Chicken Little
  • Jarhead
  • Harry Potter and the chalice of fire
  • Rent
  • The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
  • Cheaper by the Dozen 2
  • Munich
2006
  • Rescue in Antarctica
  • Mission impossible 3
  • Poseidon
  • The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift
  • Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (Oscar to the best visual effects)
  • Lady in the Water
  • Eragon
2007
  • Pirates of the Caribbean: at the end of the world
  • Transformers
  • Evan Almighty
  • Harry Potter and the Phoenix Order
  • Rush Hour 3
  • There Will Be Blood
  • Lions for lambs
  • National Treasure: Book of Secrets
  • Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem
2008
  • Spiderwick's Chronicles
  • Iron Man
  • Speed Racer
  • Touching Home
  • Indiana Jones and the kingdom of the crystal skull
  • The Happening
  • The Love Guru
  • WALL·E (visual effects for real image sequences)
  • Miracle at St. Anna
  • Twilight
  • The Tale of Despereaux
2009
  • Confessions of a Shopaholic
  • Star Trek
  • Terminator Salvation
  • Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen
  • Harry Potter and the Mystery of Prince
  • Surrogates
  • 21 and a Wake-Up
  • Avatar (Oscar for better visual effects)
2010
  • Iron Man 2
  • The Last Airbender
  • Harry Potter and Death Relics: Part 1
  • Tron: Legacy
2011
  • I'm number four.
  • Rank
  • Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides
  • Super 8
  • Transformers: the dark side of the moon
  • Harry Potter and Death Relics: Part 2
  • Cowboys & Aliens
  • Lovely Molly
  • Hugo
  • Impossible Mission: Ghost Protocol
2012
  • Red Tails
  • Hunger games
  • Battleship
  • The Avengers
  • Cloud Atlas
  • Paranormal Activity 4
2013
  • Identity Thief
  • G.I. Joe: Retaliation
  • Pain & Gain
  • Iron Man 3
  • Hunger games: on fire
  • The Great Gatsby
  • Star Trek: In the Dark
  • Now You See Me
  • World War Z
  • The Lone Ranger
  • Pacific Rim
  • Red 2
  • Elysium
  • Lone Survivor
2014
  • Noah
  • Captain America: The Winter Soldier
  • Transformers: the era of extinction
  • Lucy.
  • Ninja Turtle
  • Selma
  • Unbroken
  • Hunger Games: Sinsajo - Part 1
2015
  • Strange Magic
  • The fate of Jupiter
  • Avengers: Age of Ultron
  • Tomorrowland
  • Jurassic World
  • Terminator Genesis
  • Ant-Man
  • Monster Hunt
  • Hitman: Agent 47
  • The Martian
  • Paranormal Activity: The Ghost Dimension
  • Spectre
  • The big bet
  • Star Wars: Episode VII - The Awakening of Force
  • The reborn
  • Hunger Games: Sinsajo - Part 2
  • Impossible Mission: Secret Nation
2016
  • 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi
  • The Book of the Jungle
  • Captain America: Civil War
  • The BFG
  • Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows
  • Warcraft
  • Viral
  • Deepwater Horizon
  • Doctor Strange
  • Silence
  • The great wall (film)
  • Rogue One: a Star Wars story
  • Star Trek Beyond
  • Fantastic animals and where to find them
2017
  • Kong: Calavera Island
  • First they killed my father
  • Life
  • Pirates of the Caribbean: Salazar’s Revenge
  • The mummy
  • Transformers: the last knight
  • Spider-Man: Homecoming
  • Valerian and the city of the thousand planets
  • Downsizing
  • Mother!
  • Thor: Ragnarok
  • Only the Brave
  • Star Wars: Episode VIII - The last Jedi
2018
  • 12
  • Monsters and Men
  • Black Panther
  • The Cloverfield Paradox
  • Munster Hunt 2
  • A Wrinkle in Time
  • A Quiet Place
  • Ready Player One
  • Pacific Rim: Uprising
  • Avengers: Infinity War
  • Han Solo: a Star Wars story
  • Jurassic World: the Fallen Kingdom
  • Ant-Man and the Wasp
  • Skyscraper
  • The other side of the wind
  • Overlord
  • The cascanues and the four kingdoms
  • Fantastic animals: the crimes of Grindelwald
  • Bird Box
  • Aquaman
  • 1983
  • Bumblebee
  • Welcome to Marwen
2019
  • Captain Marvel
  • We
  • Avengers: Endgame
  • Aladdin
  • Godzilla: King of the Monsters
  • Spider-Man: away from home
  • King Lion
  • Ad Astra
  • The Irish
  • Maleficent: Mistress of Evil
  • Terminator: Dark Fate
  • Playing with fire (film)
  • The Mandalorian (TV Series)
  • 6 Underground
  • Star Wars: Episode IX - Skywalker's ascent
2020
  • A Quiet Place Part II
  • Artemis Fowl
  • Irresistible
  • The Kissing Booth 2
  • Project Power
  • Antebellum
  • Six Minutes to Midnight
  • Mank
  • Godmothered
  • Midnight sky
  • We Can Be Heroes
2021
  • Wish Dragon
  • Finding 'Ohana
  • Chaos Walking
  • Coming 2 America
  • F9
  • Black Widow
  • The Tomorrow War
  • Space Jam: A New Legacy
  • Jungle Cruise
  • Free Guy
  • Evil
  • No time to die
  • Eternals
  • Red Alert
  • The boy who saved Christmas
2022
  • Uncharted
  • The Batman
  • Morbius
  • The Bubble
  • Ambulance: Plan of escape
  • Doctor Strange in the multiverse of madness
  • Jurassic World: Dominion
  • Thor: Love and Thunder
  • The Gray Man
  • Prey
  • Pinocchio
  • The Fabelman
  • Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery
  • Amsterdam
  • Black Panther: Wakanda Forever
  • The Santa Clauses
  • Avatar: The Way of Water
  • The Crimes of the Academy
  • Babylon
2023
  • Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania
  • Dungeons & Dragons: Honor Among Thieves
  • Renfield
  • Peter Pan & Wendy
  • Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3
  • Transformers: the awakening of beasts
  • The sirenite
  • Fast X
  • Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny
  • Mission: Impossible - Dead Reckoning Part One
  • Haunted Mansion
  • The Last Voyage of the Demeter
  • Blue Beetle
  • Napoleon
  • The Marvels
  • Killers of the Flower Moon
  • The Creator
  • Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom
  • The Hunger Games: The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes
  • Postcard from Earth
  • Candy Cane Lane
  • The Boys in the Boat
  • Star Wars: Rogue Squadron
2024
  • The Fall Guy
  • A Quiet Place: Day One
  • Deadpool 3
  • Imaginary Friends
  • Bad Boys 4
  • Mission: Impossible - Dead Reckoning Part Two
  • Venom Sequel
  • Transformers One
  • Captain America: Brave New World
  • Alien: Romulus
  • Joker: Folie à Deux
  • Gladiator 2
  • Sonic the Hedgehog 3
  • The Electric State
  • Ultraman
2025
  • A Quiet Place Part III
2026
  • Taika Waititi Star Wars Film
TBA
  • Road House
  • Lilo & Stitch
  • Metal Gear Solid
  • Time Bandits
  • Masters of the Universe
  • Atlas
  • War 2
  • Hercules
  • Star Wars Trilogy: Episode I
  • Children of Blood and Bone
  • The Forever House
  • Star Wars Trilogy: Episode II
  • Star Wars Trilogy: Episode III
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