II millennium BC c.

The second millennium BC. C. began on January 1, 2000 a. C. and ended on December 31, 1001 B.C. c.

Relevant events

• 2050-1780 BC(approximate dates): Middle Empire in Egypt, dynasties XI (2130-1991 BC) and XII (1990-1780 BC)
• CenturyXIXa. C.: In the north and center of Europe, the long culture of concordelated ceramics, which had begun at the end of the neolithic period (XIIIth century BC), represented the introduction of metal in the north of Europe and possibly a first entry and expansion of the indo-European language family.
• 1813-1780 a. C.: Assyria reaches the category of empire.
• 1800 BC (approximate date): The Argar replaces Los Millares.
• 1780-1560 BC(approximate dates): Second intermediate period in Egypt, dynasties XIII to XVII.
  • 1650 B.C.: the hics invade Egypt and establish their capital in Avaris.
• 1792-1750 B.C.: in Mesopotamia (now Iraq), after numerous campaigns, Hammurabi defeats the neighboring peoples, with which Sumer and Acad will be united in the future with the name of Babylon.
• Hammurabi concludes the works of Mari's palace, which contained a file of 20 000 clay tablets with cuneiform writing.
• 1766-1122: Shang dynasty is developed in China.
• Around 1700 BC finishes the culture of the campaniform vessel on the Iberian peninsula.
• 1700-1450 a. C.: Minos on Crete Island.
• 1700-800 B.C.: The Bronze Age is dominated by the so-called "cyclopean architecture" in the Balearic Islands and Sardinia.
• 1600-1125 B.C.: In Crete the micenic culture develops.
• 1500 B.C.: In India the invasion of the Vedic Aryans, which introduced the indo-European element, occurs.
• 1580-1200 B.C.: Aegean civilization reaches its central stage (Medium Heladic - Recent Minoid)
• 1560-1085 a. C.(approximate dates): New Empire in Egypt, dynasties XVIII to XX. The construction of temples and hypogeos is emphasized. These include:
  • Temples: Amon in Karnak, Luxor, Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari and Ramses II in Abú Simbel.
  • Hipogeos del Valle de los Reyes, with tombs belonging to pharaohs of the XVIII, XIX and XX dynasties.
• 1286 BC: In Asia Minor, the Kadesh peace treaty ends the war in Cappadocia between Egypt and the Hittite Empire.
• 1160 B.C.: In Babylon the elamites overthrow the houses.
• 1150 B.C.: Dorians invade Greece and dominate aqueos, jonios and eolios.
• 1125 BC: in Crete, Micena Fall.
• 1122-221 BC: in China the Zhou dynasty is developed.
• 1100 B.C.: the Phoenicians make the first sea trips crossing the Strait of Gibraltar, founded Gadir (present-day Cadiz) in 1104 B. C. Begins the Phoenician art on the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands.
• 1085 BC: The third intermediate period begins in Egypt.
• 1027 a. C: The Shang dynasty of China is overthrown by the Zhou; the Aryans in India extend eastward through the Ganges valley.

Relevant people

• Sesostris III of Egypt (1878-1841 B.C.): came to Lower Nubia (golden mines) and opened new trade routes to Sinai, Crete and Biblos.
• Amenemhat III of Egypt (1842-1797 B.C.): made El-Fayum colonize in order to regulate the waters of Lake Moeris.
• Rim-Sin I de Larsa (1822-1763 B.C.).
• Šamši-Adad I of Assyria (1813-1781 BC).
• Hammurabi of Babylon (1792-1750 BC).
• Ahmose I: expelled the ficsos, started the New Empire (1552-1070 BC). Capital in Thebes.
• Mursili I (1513 BC), Hittite king who plundered Babylon.
• Agum II (1500 BC), king of the house dynasty (which was definitively installed in Babylon).
• Thutmose III of Egypt (1500-1448 BC), created an empire in the Middle East and Nubia.
• Abraham (formerly 15th century BC): He led the Hebrews from Aram (north Syrian) to Canaan.
• Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt (1490-1468 B.C.), who avoided any military conflict and carried out commercial expeditions to Punt.
• Suppiluliuma I, one of the most famous and successful Hittite kings, ruled from 1375 a. C. up to approximately the year 1322 a. C.
• Amenhotep III (1390/1-1353/2 a. C.): maintained peace with the milestones of Asia Minor.
• Akenatón (reinó de h. 1353/2 a 1338/6 a. C.): proposed a single god Atón (the solar disk), see atonism.
• Horemheb (1335-1308 BC): completed the polytheistic restoration and restored local cults.
• Moses (about 1272 BC)
• Ramses II (1292-1225 BC): he immortalized his reign with the temples of Abu-Simbel and Hathor, Pharaoh of Egypt.
• Merenptah (1223-1204 BC), Pharaoh of Egypt.
• Ramses III (1198-1151 BC), Pharaoh of Egypt.
• Nebuchadnezzar I: (1124-1103 BC). He achieved the unification of the Babylonian kingdom and the expulsion of the elamites. When his death occurred, the Babylonian empire fell under the Assyrian hegemony.
• Tiglatpileser I (1115-1077 BC): expanded the Assyrian empire from the shores of the Mediterranean to the mountains of Armenia.
• David (1010-932 B.C. approx.) turned Jerusalem into the religious and political capital of the first Hebrew kingdom.