IBM RS/6000

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The RISC System/6000 (RS/6000) is a Unix-based family of RISC servers, workstations, and supercomputers manufactured by IBM in the 1990s. The RS/6000 family replaced the IBM RT PC computing platform in February 1990 and was the first line of computers to use IBM's POWER and PowerPC-based microprocessors. In October 2000, the RS/6000 branding was removed from POWER-based servers and replaced by eServer pSeries. Workstations continued under the RS/6000 brand until 2002, when new POWER-based workstations were released under the IntelliStation POWER brand.

History

AIX RS/6000 network servers running ibm.com early 1998.

Early RS/6000 models used the Microchannel bus, later models used PCI. Some later models conformed to the standard PReP and CHRP platforms, which were co-developed with Apple and Motorola, with open firmware. The plan was to enable the RS/6000 to run multiple operating systems such as Windows NT, NetWare, OS/2, Solaris, Taligent, AIX, and Mac OS, but in the end only the AIX variant of IBM's Unix was used and supported on RS. /6000. Linux is widely used on CHRP-based RS/6000, but support was added after RS/6000 was renamed eServer pSeries in 2000.

The RS/6000 family also included POWERserver servers, POWERstation workstations, and the Scalable POWERparallel supercomputer platform. While most machines were desktop, floor-standing, or rack-mounted, there were also portable models. Famous RS/6000s include the PowerPC 604e-based Deep Blue supercomputer that beat world chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997, and the POWER3-based ASCI White, which was the world's fastest supercomputer during 2000-2002.

Architecture

Hardware

Service Processor

Many RS/6000 and later pSeries machines came with a service processor, which started only when power was applied and continuously ran its own firmware, regardless of the operating system. The service processor could call a phone number (via a modem) in the event of a serious failure with the machine. Early announcements and documentation called the service processor "System Guard", (or SystemGuard) although this name was apparently dropped later, around the same time that the simplified RS/6000 name was adopted for the line of computers.

Later in the RS/6000 cycle, the service processor "converged" with the one used on AS/400 machines.

Software

POWER machines typically ran AIX. Solaris, OS/2, and Windows NT were also ported to PowerPC. Later Linux was also used.

Some AIX systems support IBM Web-based System Manager.

Models

Some models were marketed under the names RS/6000 POWERstation and POWERserver.

Lines based on Micro Channel

Early lines were based on IBM's proprietary Micro Channel architecture, the same architecture used in the high-end x86 PS/2 desktop line, with the last MCA-based series being produced as late as 1999.

Type 7006

Model CPU MHz Cache L2/L3 Memory Form Introduced Restart
41TPowerPC 601 80 0 or 512 KB 16-256 MB Desk 1994-06-03 1997-01-10
41W1997-07-18
42TPowerPC 604 120 0 or 512 KB Up to 256 MB Desk 1995-06-19 1997-09-24
42W

Type 7008

Model CPU MHz Cache L2/L3 Memory Form Introduced Restart
M20POWER1 33 16 to 64 MB All in one 1993-02-02 1995-01-06
M2APOWER1 33 16 to 64 MB All in one 1993-02-02 1994-10-26

These workstations were sold under the PowerStation brand.

Type 7009

Small server RS/6000 C10
Model CPU MHz Cache L2/L3 Memory Form Introduced Restart
C10PowerPC 601 80 0 or 1 MB 16-256 MB Desk 1994-05-24 1997-07-18
C1L? ? ? ? ? ? ?
C20PowerPC 604 120 1 MB 16-256 MB Desk 1995-06-19 1998-01-30

Type 7010

Model CPU MHz Cache L2/L3 Memory Form Introduced Restart
150 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
160 PowerPC 603 66 ? 8 MB Xstation ? ?
220 PowerPC 604 120 ? 32 MB ? ? ?

This type was for the Xstations, IBM's line of X terminals.

Type 7011

Model CPU MHz Cache L2/L3 Memory Form Introduced Restart
220 CSR 33 ? Slimline Desk 1992-01-21 1995-01-06
22G ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
22W POWER1 33 Up to 64 MB ? 1993-09-21 1996-10-25
223 ? ? ? Up to 64 MB ? ? ?
230 CSR 45 128 KB ? Slimline Desk 1993-05-18 1995-01-06
23E ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
23S POWER1 45 ? ? 1993-05-18 1994-10-26
23T POWER1 45 Up to 64 MB ? 1993-05-18 1994-10-26
23W POWER1 45 Up to 64 MB ? 1993-05-18 1994-10-26
250 PowerPC 601 66/80 16-256 MB Slimline Desk 1993-09-21 1997-07-18
25E PowerPC 601 66 ? 16-256 MB Flat update (for families 220 and 230) ? ?
25F PowerPC 601 80 ? 16-256 MB Flat update (for families 220, 230 and 250 66 MHz) ? ?
25S PowerPC 601 66/80 ? Up to 256 MB ? 1993-09-21 1996-10-25
25T PowerPC 601 66/80 ? Up to 256 MB ? 1993-09-21 1997-07-18
25W PowerPC 601 66/80 ? Up to 256 MB ? 1993-09-21 1996-10-25

Type 7012 and 7030

RS/6000 type 7012-320
Type 7030 Servers (model 3BT)
Model CPU MHz Cache L2/L3 Memory Form Introduced Restart
Type 7012
320 POWER1 20 8 to 32 MB Desk 1990-02-15 1992-10-28
32E ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
32T POWER1 20 8 to 64 MB Torre ? 1992-10-28
32H POWER1 25 Up to 128 MB Desk 1991-03-12 1994-10-26
340 POWER1 33 Up to 256 MB Desk 1992-01-21 1994-11-04
34H POWER1 41.6 Up to 256 MB Desk 1993-07-13 1994-10-26
34L ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
34R ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
350 POWER1 41 Up to 128 MB Desk 1992-01-21 1993-08-18
355 POWER1 41 ? ? 1993-02-02 1994-10-26
35R ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
360 POWER1+ 50 Up to 256 MB Desk 1993-02-02 1994-11-04
365 POWER1+ 50 Up to 128 MB Desk 1993-02-02 1994-10-26
36T POWER1+ 50 Up to 256 MB ? 1993-05-18 1994-10-26
370 POWER1+ 62.5 Up to 256 MB ? 1993-02-02 1996-05-20
375 POWER1+ 62.5 Up to 128 MB ? 1993-02-02 1994-10-26
37T POWER1+ 62.5 Up to 256 MB ? 1993-05-18 1996-05-20
380 POWER2+ 59 0/0.5/1 MB 32 to 512 MB Desk 1994-05-24 1996-05-20
390POWER2+ 67 1 MB 32 to 512 MB Desk 1994-05-24 1997-07-18
397 P2SC 160 ? 128 to 1024 MB Desk 1997-10-06 1999-03-19
39HPOWER2 67 0/1/2 MB 64 to 512 MB Desk 1995-02-07 1998-01-30
39T ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
G02 ? ? ? ? Torre ? ?
G30 PowerPC 601 (2 or 4) 75 ? 32 to 512 MB Torre 1994-10-04 1996-10-23
G40 PowerPC 604 (2 or 4) 112 0.5 MB per CPU 64 MB to 1 GB Torre 1996-07-23 1998-01-08
type 7030
355POWER1 41 ? ? ? ? ?
375POWER1+ 62.5 ? ? ? ? ?
37T? ? ? ? ? ? ?
397P2SC 160 ? ? Desk 1997-10-06 1999-01-19
3ATPOWER2+ 59 32 to 512 MB Desk 1994-05-24 1997-01-10
3BTPOWER2+ 67 0.5 or 1 MB 32 to 512 MB Desk 1994-05-24 1998-01-08
3STPOWER2 67 0/1/2 MB 64 to 512 MB Desk 1995-02-07 1998-01-08

The 380, 390 and 39H servers correspond to the 3AT, 3BT and 3CT workstations.

One of the first RS/6000 7013
RS/6000 7013 series j

Type 7013 and 7016

The 7016-730 model was a version of the 7013-530 model, but with a graphics card licensed from Silicon Graphics.

Model CPU MHz cache L2/L3 Memory Form Introduced Restart
Type 7013
520POWER1 20 8 to 128 MB floor 1990-02-15 1992-04-21
52E? ? ? ? ? ? ?
52HPOWER1 25 Up to 512 MB floor 1992-01-21 1995-01-06
530POWER1 25 16 to 128 MB floor 1990-02-15 1992-01-02
53HPOWER1 33 32 to 512 MB HD3 (33 MHz) floor 1991-10-02 1993-08-18
53EPOWER1 33 32 to 512 MB HD3 (33 MHz) Deskside 1992-01-21 ?
540POWER1 30 64 to 256 MB floor 1990-02-15 1992-01-02
550POWER1 41.6 64 MB to 1 GB floor 1990-10-30 1993-08-18
55E? ? ? ? ? ? ?
55LPOWER1 41.6 Up to 256 MB floor 1993-05-18 1994-10-26
55S? ? ? ? ? ? ?
560POWER1+ 50 up to 1 GB floor 1992-01-21 1993-12-21
56F? ? ? ? ? ? ?
570POWER1+ 50 Up to 1 GB floor 1993-02-02 1996-05-20
571? ? ? ? ? ? ?
57F? ? ? ? ? ? ?
57L? ? ? ? ? ? ?
580POWER1+ 62.5 64 MB to 1 GB floor 1992-09-22 1996-05-20
58FPOWER1+ 62.5 64 MB to 1 GB floor 1992-11-27 ?
58HPOWER2 55.6 64 MB to 2 GB floor 1993-09-21 1996-10-25
590POWER2 66.7 64 MB to 2 GB floor 1993-09-21 1997-09-24
591POWER2 77 64 MB to 2 GB floor 1995-07-25 1997-07-18
595P2SC 135 64 MB to 2 GB floor 1996-10-08 1999-01-08
59HPOWER2+ 66.7 1 MB 64 MB to 2 GB floor 1994-05-24 1997-01-10
J01? ? ? ? ? ? ?
J30PowerPC 601 (2 or 4) 75 ? 128 MB to 2 GB floor 1994-10-04 1996-10-23
J40PowerPC 604 (2-8) 112 1 MB 128 MB to 2 GB floor 1996-08-30 1998-01-08
J50PowerPC 604e (2-8) 200 ? ? floor 1997-04-30 1999-01-08
Type 7016
730 POWER1 25 16 to 128 MB floor 1990 ?
731 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Type 7015

Uses an IBM 9309 rack; this first generation of RS/6000 servers run AIX. They were configured by IBM as an experimental "NSS" (Network Switching Subsystem) router, and were used on the NSFnet T3 backbone in the early/mid 1990s.

Model CPU MHz cache L2/L3 Memory Form Introduced Restart
920 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
930 POWER1 25 16 to 128 MB tower rack 1990-02-15 1992-07-15
950 POWER1 41 ? Up to 512 MB tower rack 1991-05-07 1993-12-21
95E ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
960 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
970 POWER1+ 50 ? Up to 1 GB tower rack 1992-04-21 1993-08-18
97B POWER1+ 50 ? ? tower rack 1993-02-02 1995-01-06
97E ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
97F ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
980 POWER1+ 62.5 Up to 1 GB tower rack 1992-09-22 1993-08-18
98B POWER1+ 62.5 ? ? tower rack 1993-02-02 1996-05-20
98E ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
98F ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
990 POWER2 71.5 128 MB to 2 GB tower rack 1993-09-21 1996-05-20
99E ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
99F ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
99J ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
99K ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
R10POWER1+ 50 128 MB to 1 GB 6U frame 1994-05-24 1996-05-20
R20POWER2+ 66 1 MB 128 MB to 2 GB 6U frame 1994-05-24 1998-01-30
R21POWER2 77 ? ? 6U frame 1995-07-25 1996-10-25
R24POWER2+ 71.5 2 MB 128 MB to 2 GB 10U frame 1994-05-24 1998-01-30
R30 PowerPC 601 (2 or 4) 75 ? 128 MB to 2 GB 6U frame 1994-10-04 1996-10-23
R40 PowerPC 604 (2-8) 112 ? 128 MB to 2 GB 6U frame 1996-07-23 1998-01-08
R4U ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
R50 PowerPC 604e (2-8) 200 ? Up to 4 GB 6U frame 1997-04-15 2000-08-15
R5U ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

PCI-based lines

Produced from 1994 until the time the RS/6000 line was renamed System P.

Models CPU Cant. de CPU MHz Cache L2/L3 Memory Form Introduced Restart
S70 RS64 4, 8 or 12 125 ? ? racks 2+ 1997-10-31 1999-12-13
RS64-II 262 ? ? 1998-10-05
S7A RS64-II 4 to 12 262 8 MB 1 to 32 GB racks 2+ 1998-10-23 2000-12-01
S80 RS64-III 6-24 450 8 MB 2 to 64 GB racks 2+ 1999-09-24 2001-08-31
S85 RS64-III / IV 4-24 450/600 8/16 MB 2 to 96 GB Racks 2000-11-17 ?

Type 7020

Models CPU MHz Cache L2/L3 Memory Form Introduced Restart
0 PowerPC 601 66 ? ? Desk 1994-10-04 1996-01-19
40P PowerPC 601 66 ? 16-192 MB Desk ? ?
B1B PowerPC 601 66 ? ? Desk 1994-10-04 1996-01-19
B1C PowerPC 601 66 ? ? Desk 1994-10-04 1996-01-19
D1D PowerPC 601 66 ? ? Desk 1994-10-04 1996-01-19
D2D PowerPC 601 66 ? ? Desk 1994-10-04 1996-01-19
D4E ? ? ? ? Desk 1995-02-07 1996-01-19
SPE PowerPC 601 66 ? ? Desk 1994-10-04 1996-01-19

Type 7024

Models CPU MHz Cache L2/L3 Memory Form Introduced Restart
E20PowerPC 604 100/133 512 KB 16 to 512 MB Torre 1995-10-10 1997-07-18
PowerPC 604e 233 1997-04-? ?
E30PowerPC 604 133/166 ? 64 to 1024 MB Torre 1996-04-23 1999-03-19
PowerPC 604e 233 1997-04-? 1999-03-19

Type 7025

Models CPU MHz Cache L2/L3 Memory Form Introduced Restart
F30PowerPC 604 133/166 ? Up to 1 GB Torre 1996-02-20 1998-01-08
F40PowerPC 604e (1 or 2) 166/233 ? Up to 1 GB Torre 1996-10-08 2000-05-08
F50PowerPC 604e (1 or 4) 166/332 256 KB 128 MB to 3 GB Torre 1997-04-25 2001-07-17
F80RS64-III (1-6) 450/500 2/4 MB (SMP) 8/16 GB (SMP) floor 2000-05-09 2001-07-13
F85? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Type 7026

A H70 Enterprise server rack, 2001
Models CPU MHz Cache L2/L3 Memory Form Introduced Restart
H10 PowerPC 604e (1 or 2) 166/233 ? Up to 1 GB 7U racks 1997-02-14 1998-02-27
H50 PowerPC 604e (1 to 4) 332 ? Up to 3 GB 8U racks 1998-02-20 2000-12-01
H70 RS64-II (1-4) 340 ? Up to 8 GB 8U racks 1999-04-23 2001-07-17
H80 RS64-III/IV (1-6) 450/500 ? Up to 16 GB 5U racks 2000-06-09 2001-07-13
M80 RS64-III/IV (2-8) 500/750 ? ? 8U racks 2000-06-09 2002-01-31
B80 ? ? ? ? 5U racks ? ?

Type 7043 and 7248

Models CPU MHz Cache L2/L3 Memory Form Introduced Restart
Type 7248
43P PowerPC 604 100/120/132/166 256/512 KB 16-192 MB Desk 1995-06-19 1997-07-18
Type 7043
43P-140 PowerPC 604e 166/200/233/332 1 MB 32 to 768 MB Desk 1996-10-08 2000-12-01
43P-150 PowerPC 604e 250/375 1 MB 64 MB to 1 GB Desk 1998-10-05 2003-12-12
43P-240 PowerPC 604e (1 or 2) 166/233 512 KB/1 MB by CPU 64 MB to 1 GB Desk 1996-10-08 1999-03-19
43P-260 POWER3 (1 or 2) 200 4 MB per CPU 128 MB to 4 GB Torre 1998-10-05 2000-12-01
43P-270 POWER3-II (up to 4) 200/375/450 4/8 MB per CPU Up to 8 GB Torre 2000-02-25 2003-09-12

Type 7044 (44P)

IBM RS6000 44P: model 170 and model 270
Two 375 MHz IBM POWER3-II processors in a CPU module of an RS/6000 44P 270.
Models CPU MHz Cache L2/L3 Memory Form Introduced Restart
44P-170 POWER3-II 333/400/450 1/4/8 MB 256 MB to 2 GB Torre 2000-02-07 2003-12-12
44P-270 POWER3-II (Up to 4) 375/450 4/8 MB 256 MB to 16 GB Torre 2000-02-07 2003-09-12

Type 7046

Models CPU MHz Cache L2/L3 Memory Form Introduced Restart
B50 PowerPC 604e 375 1 MB Up to 1 GB 2U racks 1999-09-13 2003-09-12

Type 7317

Models CPU MHz Cache L2/L3 Memory Form Introduced Restart
F3L PowerPC 604 133 512 KB 32 to 960 MB racks 17U 1996-10-08 1999-12-13
PowerPC 604e 166 1 MB 32 MB to 1 GB
233 512 KB

Laptops

Main article: IBM ThinkPad Power Series

Type 7007

Models CPU MHz Cache L2/L3 Memory Form Introduced Restart
N40PowerPC 601 50 ? 16 to 64 MB Laptop 1994-03-08 1997-06-30

The N40 model was a PowerPC-based notebook developed and manufactured by Tadpole Technology in conjunction with IBM. It was released on March 25, 1994, priced at US$12 000 ($21,939 in 2023). The internal batteries could power the system for only 45 minutes, and for this reason an external battery pack lasting 4 hours was available.

Type 7249

Models CPU MHz Cache L2/L3 Memory Form Introduced Restart
851 PowerPC 603e 100 256 KB 32-96 MB Laptop 1996-02-20 1996-11-08
860 PowerPC 603e 166 256 KB 32-96 MB Laptop 1996-10-08 1998-01-30

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