Humanes of Madrid
Humanes de Madrid is a Spanish municipality and town in the Community of Madrid. The municipal area has a population of 19,838 inhabitants (INE 2022).
Location
The municipality of Humanes de Madrid has the status of a town and is located in the southern area of Madrid. It belongs to the judicial district of Fuenlabrada, and is included in the ecclesiastical diocese of Getafe.
The neighboring municipalities of Humanes de Madrid are:
- To the north, Fuenlabrada (4 km);
- To the east, Parla (6 km);
- South, Griñón (5 km);
- To the west, Moraleja de Enmedio (4 km),
While 23 km separate it from the capital.
Etymology
According to the linguist Edelmiro Bascuas, the name Humanes derives from the Paleo-European hydronymic stem *um-, derived from the Indo-European root *am- 'channel'.
History
The history department of the Instituto de Educación Secundaria de Humanes (IES Humanes) built an archaeological classroom in the period 2003-2004. the Neolithic era. In the classroom there is abundant reconstructed material as an example and also some unique pieces that speak of the presence and way of life in the area's prehistory.
In Humanes there is also evidence of the passage of later civilizations, from pre-Iberian tribes to Roman domination. In fact, the site found in Humanes brought to light fragments of pottery, protective idols and flint tools from the Bronze Age, and tégulas, flat tiles used in Latin culture.
The first document that mentions Humanes dates from the year 1141, and in it Alfonso VII donates the town to Pedro Brimonis, alluding to the term that Alfonso VI had already granted during the Christian repopulation after the taifa takeover of Toledo. His successor, Pelayo Pérez, was the protagonist of two important moments in the history of the town, since in 1173 he granted the Puebla Charter and only three years later he donated the town of Humanes under certain conditions to the Order of San Juan de Jerusalén o & #34;of the Hospital", a religious-military order created in Jerusalem in the XI century with the purpose of caring for Christian pilgrims from the Holy Land and fight against the Muslims.
Despite the donation, the Order did not exercise dominion over the town, as it was handed over in 1183 to Count Fernando Núñez de Lara, who retained his rights over Humanes until 1193.
Humanes, when it became a San Juan patrimony in the XII century, became one of the sources of income that paid the cost of the order. The exact moment or the reasons for the departure of Humanes from the Order of San Juan are not known, but it seems evident that the changes that ended the Middle Ages to introduce Europe into a new era, also ended institutions such as San Juan, so similar to the medieval mentality. The new powers on the rise not only withdrew their support for the Order but began their fight to seize the benefits that the Order had in Humanes. This struggle, between established and emerging powers, must have characterized the town in the 15th century.
The key figure in the transformation process was Pero López de Ayala "el Tuerto", who in 1445 received the Señorío de Humanes from Juan II. The López de Ayala were not strangers to these lands because, already in these years, they had paved the way by buying various properties in Humanes.
With the granting of vassalage to the Ayalas, who would later receive the title of Counts of Fuensalida, the pressure on the inhabitants of Humanes will not be reduced, since Pedro López de Ayala enjoyed not only determining privileges, such as civil jurisdiction and criminal, the election of public offices or the collection of a large amount of taxes, but they also owned most of the territory, which they leased for cultivation. A descendant of Pedro López de Ayala gradually lost his possessions in favor of the inhabitants of the town.
In 1500 it belonged to the mayorazgo of the Marquise of Villa Sierra and in 1620 it appears as part of the patrimony of the Count of Fuensalida.
In 1833, due to a readjustment of the Spanish provinces, Humanes ceased to belong to Toledo and was integrated into Madrid. At the end of the 18th century, wheat, barley, rye, oats, chickpeas, beans, carob, grapes, olives and vegetables were typical.
In the middle of the XIX century, the place had a registered population of 298 inhabitants. The town is described in the ninth volume of the Geographical-statistical-historical dictionary of Spain and its overseas possessions by Pascual Madoz as follows:
HUMANS OF MADRID: v. con ayunt. de la prov., aud terr. y c. g. de Madrid (4 leg.), part. jud. de Getafe (2), dióc. de Toledo (8): sit. in plain land and between two streams; they battle all the winds; their climate It is cold and its most common tertiary diseases. He's 45 houses distributed in 2 streets and 1 square; there is fast house., prison, primary school of instruction to which 20 children live, who are in charge of a master endowed with 1,095 rs., a fountain with 2 bathrooms of good water used by the vec. for their uses, and a igl. Stop. (Sto Domingo de Guzman), served by a parish priest, whose heal is of entry and ordinary provision; the cemetery is located at the N. in parage that does not offend public health. The Term. Confine N. Fuenlabrada; E. Parla; S. Griñón, and O. Moraleja de Enmedio; in it is an alameda of about 40 olmos, a boyal meadow as of 40 fan. of land and a vineyard; two streams surround the people, of which the name of Guaten is formed, which flows into the Tagus. The field It's sandy and lame. roads: of horseshoe leading to the neighboring villages and the road of Madrid, all in poor condition. emails: they are received from Móstoles, by a balcony, Wednesdays and Sundays, and leave on Tuesdays and Saturdays. prod.: wheat, barley, rye; some oil and wine, keeps wool, cattle and wax. pobl.: 50 vec., 298 alm. cap. prod.: 6.941,003 rs. imp.: 302,416. contr.according to the general and official calculation of the prov., 9'65 per 100. The municipal budget ascends from 3 to 4,000 rs, and is covered with the prod. of own and neighborhood cast.(Madoz, 1847, p. 359)
At the beginning of the XX century, products were brought to Madrid every day (cauliflowers, cucumbers...) to sell in the main markets. In livestock, the exploitation of cattle, pigs and some flocks of sheep was important. The population has remained stable through the four centuries of history, until the 1970s, when it went from 1200 inhabitants dedicated mostly to agriculture, to the current progressive growth.
Economy
It has several of the largest industrial areas in the community of Madrid, nestled between the M-413 road that goes to Moraleja de Enmedio and the M-405 road that goes to Griñón.
Nowadays it is no longer a small agricultural town. The increasingly small percentage (0.4%) that occupies the primary sector (agriculture and livestock) has been transformed taking advantage of the exceptional natural conditions of the area to offer all of Europe some of the products that stand out at a European level for their quality: lettuce and cauliflower. Today, almost 45% of the population of Humanes is dedicated to industry, 20% to construction and 35% to the service sector.
Being Human, an important part of the industrial sector within the Community of Madrid gives work to a large part of the inhabitants of nearby towns, such as Móstoles, Fuenlabrada or Moraleja de Enmedio.
Administration and politics
Political parties in the City of Humanes of Madrid | ||||
| Political party | Councillors | |||
| Popular Party (PP) | 8 | |||
| Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE) | 5 | |||
| Citizens (Cs) | 2 | |||
| We can. | 1 | |||
| Vox | 1 | |||
Monuments and places of interest
Church of Santo Domingo de Guzmán
During the Spanish civil war, in August 1936, a bomb fell on the church of Santo Domingo, destroying a large part of the church. Only the Toledo Mudejar-style tower like those of Cubas, Griñón or Móstoles and the walls of the chapel remained standing. The tower was restored in 1953 and the chapel in 1963.
Inside the church, it is worth noting some elements such as the chapel of the Santísimo Cristo de la Columna, the Virgen de la Guía or the Cristo de la Agonía.
Escobar House
In the square, the true center of Humanes life, very close to the church, is the so-called "Casa Escobar". It is a brick building "of Toledo rigging" that could have been related to Martínez Escobar. There was another important house known as the "Casa del Conde", today disappeared. We know that it already existed in the XVI century and it seems that it was owned by the Count of Fuensalida. After the war, the building was used for worship, given the state in which the church was left. Today the Hermanos Torá public school is in its place.
Culture
Christ of the Column and Virgin of the Guide
In the past, both festivals were not celebrated at the same time. On May 1, the protagonist was the Vera Cruz, on the 2nd the Virgin of the Guide and on the second Sunday of May, the Christ of the Column. Today the last two are celebrated on the 2nd Sunday of May when "la Guía" incorporated into the Brotherhood of Christ.
This festival in honor of Christ has always been "principal", of great splendor and support, not only for the members of the Brotherhood, but for the entire town, celebrating numerous religious and profane acts. Many of the events organized have remained unchanged since the end of the XVII century, according to the Acts of the Brotherhood of Christ of the Column. As a curiosity, on the day of the descent of Christ, the young girls and women of the town must wear the most beautiful slippers and a scarf, the most showy, to cover their hair as it was mandatory to enter the temples.
Virgin of Beautiful Love
It is celebrated on May 31, although lately the custom of changing it to the last Sunday of May is taking hold, whether or not it is the 31st. The Virgin of Beautiful Love is known in Humanes as the "Virgin of the Wenches" since the Hermandad del Amor Hermoso is composed exclusively of women.
Since ancient times, the mayordomas have been associated with the festivities, four women appointed in turn within the Brotherhood, who are in charge of carrying the ribbons that hang from the Virgin during the procession, and organizing all the acts. They are dressed in a short black dress, mantilla and Castilian comb, wearing the blue scapular with red ribbons with the effigy of the Virgin. In their access to the temple they are accompanied by the two male stewards of the year.
During the day of the festival, women command and govern in Humanes, while men remain in the background without intervening at all in the party or its preparations.
Santo Domingo de Guzmán
Santo Domingo is the patron saint of Humanes and, as such, has its place in the festive calendar. Until recently the appointed day was August 4, but today it is August 8. The main acts are the masses, processions, festivals and dances in the square.
Christ of Agony
Until the beginning of the XVIII century, the festivities in Humanes in Madrid ended on the feast of Santo Domingo. However, with the creation of the invocation of the Christ of Agony, Humanes extended its festive calendar.
The Christ of the Agony as a festivity, has risen, above all due to the opportunity and good choice of dates, to be the main one. It is held on the 3.er weekend of September.
The reason for this festival is to be found in the completion of agricultural activities in the population as a whole, which in this way found new reasons to have fun, and the means with which to do so. The religious acts keep many similarities with respect to those of the Christ of the Column.
Regarding profane acts, it is worth noting the bullfighting festivities that have enjoyed great fame since ancient times (encierros and bullfights).
Education
In Humanes de Madrid there are:
- 7 children ' s schools (3 public and 4 private).
- 4 public schools for child and primary education:
- Colegio Santo Domingo de Guzmán.
- Beautiful Field College.
- Torah Brothers College.
- Colegio Pedro de Brimonis.
- 1 concerted school for children ' s, primary, secondary and secondary education:
- Colegio Concertado: Colegio Santo Ángel la dehesa de Humanes de Madrid. Since 2021 he renamed himself Colegio la dehesa de Humanes de Madrid because of a change in the direction of the center.
- 2 secondary and secondary education institutes:
- I.E.S. Humans (ESO and Bachelor's degree).
- I.E.S. Fernando Fernán Gómez (ESO and Bachillerato).
Communications
- Toledo Road (A-42) detoured to Fuenlabrada by the (M-506) and from Fuenlabrada by the (M-405) that goes to Griñón.
- Extremadura Road (A-5) diverted Móstoles by the (M-506) to Fuenlabrada and from there to Griñón by the M-405.
- M-405 highway (Fuenlabrada-Humanes-Griñón).
- M-407 (Griñón-Humanes-Loranca-Leganés).
- M-410 (Arroyomolinos-Humanes-Parla-A-42).
- M-413 (Fuenlabrada-Humanes Polígonos-Moraleja de Enmedio-Arroyomolinos).
- Road M-419 (Pol. Fuenlabrada-Humanes-Torrejón de la Calzada).
Public transport
Humanes de Madrid has a railway station open since 2004. It also has five bus lines that communicate with other municipalities in the area but not with the municipality of Madrid.
- Estación de Humanes de Cercanías Madrid belonging to the C-5 line (Móstoles-El Soto-Atocha-Fuenlabrada-Humanes).
- Buses to the urban centre:
- 468 Getafe - Leganés - Fuenlabrada - Humanes de Madrid - Griñón - Serranillos del Valle - Carranque - Ugena.
- 471 Humans of Madrid - Fuenlabrada - Parla - Pinto.
- N807 Madrid (Atocha) - Getafe - Humans - Griñón
- Buses to industrial polygons:
- 496 Leganés - Fuenlabrada - Humanes de Madrid - Moraleja de Enmedio - Arroyomolinos (Xanadu).
- 497 Leganés - Fuenlabrada - Humanes de Madrid - Moraleja de Enmedio (Las Colinas).
- 498 Móstoles - Arroyomolinos - Moraleja de Enmedio - Humanes de Madrid - Fuenlabrada (Hospital).
Contenido relacionado
Annex: Municipalities of Cantabria
Bañobarez
Votkinsk