House of Braganza

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The House of Braganza, officially Sereníssima casa de Bragança, was the ruling house in Portugal from 1640 to 1853, and in Brazil until 1889.

They occupied the Portuguese throne from the accession of King John IV of Portugal until the marriage of Queen Maria II of Portugal, of the Braganza Dynasty, with Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, of the Wettin Dynasty, which gave rise to the House of Braganza Saxony-Coburg and Gotha.

History

Alfonso, first Duke of Braganza.

It originated from Alfonso of Portugal, VIII Count of Barcelos, when in 1442, his half-nephew, King Alfonso V of Portugal, granted him the title of I Duke of Braganza.

Among the descendants of Alfonso I of Braganza was Enrique I —who was not a member of this house—, who reigned from 1578 to 1580. Upon Enrique's death, there were several pretenders and claimants to the Portuguese throne, however the Philip II of Spain's invasion and conquest of Portugal in 1580 placed him on the throne. With this event began the historical period in which Portugal, together with the other Hispanic kingdoms, shared the same monarch in a dynastic union aeque principaliter under the House of Austria, thus becoming an integral part of the immense Empire. Spanish.

Kings of Portugal

National Palace of Pena.

The dynastic union with Spain lasted until 1640, when Juan II of Braganza, VIII Duke of Braganza and his wife Luisa de Guzmán, led a series of attacks and conspiracies that culminated in a revolution against Philip IV of Spain, achieving the independence of the country.

Juan II of Braganza, called the Restorer, ascended the throne with the name of Juan IV, becoming the first king of the house of Braganza, reigning from 1640 until his death in 1656; he was succeeded by his son Alfonso VI of Portugal, who reigned from 1656 to 1683. On the death of Alfonso VI, he was succeeded by his brother Pedro II of Portugal, who reigned from 1683 to 1706, being succeeded in turn by his son John V of Portugal, who reigned from 1706 to 1750.

In the year 1750 José I of Portugal ascended the throne, who reigned from 1750 to 1777, whose daughter María de Braganza (heiress to the throne) married her uncle Pedro de Braganza (brother of José I), and both reigned jointly as Maria I of Portugal and Pedro III of Portugal.

When the Napoleonic invasion reached Portugal, Juan VI of Portugal (son of Doña María I and Dom Pedro III) retired to Brazil, from where he returned in 1821. On his death in 1826 he was succeeded by his son Pedro IV of Portugal, who opted for the Empire of Brazil and abdicated the throne of Portugal in favor of his daughter María II of Portugal, then 7 years old. However María II was overthrown in 1828 by her uncle Miguel I and she would not regain the throne until 1834, when Miguel I was forced to abdicate. However, in exile Miguel would continue to claim his rights, originating the Miguelista branch in opposition to the reigning line, called constitutional.

María II later married the German nobleman Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, who reigned as Ferdinand II. She was succeeded by Pedro V of Portugal, their son and first member of the so-called House of Braganza, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

House of Braganza Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Flag of Portugal during the reign of the House of Braganza-Wettin.
Main article: House of Braganza Saxony-Coburg and Gotha

Despite the dynastic change, the Royal House kept the name of Braganza, so the House of Braganza Saxony-Coburg and Gotha is considered a branch of the House of Braganza, which extends the debate of the number of dynasties that They have ruled Portugal.

Pedro V reigned until his death in 1861, after which he was succeeded by his brother Luis I of Portugal, who reigned until his death in 1889. He was succeeded in turn by his son Carlos I of Portugal, who reigned from 1889 until He was assassinated along with his heir Luis Felipe de Braganza in 1908 during the Lisbon regicide. Carlos I was succeeded by Manuel II of Portugal, the second of his sons and the one who would be the last of the reigning Braganzas when he was dethroned by the republican revolution of 1910.

Since the proclamation of the republic

Palace Ducal de Vila Viçosa, seat of the House of Braganza.

In 1922 and in exile, Manuel II signed the Pact of Paris with the Miguelist pretender Eduardo Nuño de Braganza, grandson of Miguel I, through which Manuel was recognized as the legitimate king and Eduardo Nuño as head of the house of Braganza and Manuel's heir as he did not have descendants, thus uniting both branches, the constitutional and Miguelista. Currently the Headquarters of the Family and House of Braganza is held by the son of Eduardo Nuño, Eduardo Pío, Duke of Braganza, being recognized as such both by the Portuguese Republic and by all the European Royal Houses. However, both Pedro José Folque de Mendoça, VI Duke of Loulé, and the heir of María Pía de Saxony-Coburgo Braganza (Rosario Poidimani) claim the leadership of the same, the first being a descendant of Ana de Jesús de Braganza while the second being his adoptive mother a supposed illegitimate daughter of Carlos I of Portugal.

Genealogy

The family tree of the kings of Portugal of the House of Braganza (in yellow). His kinship with King Manuel I (green) of the House of Avis is included. It does not include the branch of Braganza Saxony-Coburg and Gotha
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