High definition television

Official European Label (EICTA)

High-definition television (HDTV) is a digital television system that provides much higher picture resolution than standard definition television. HDTV is the current standard video format used in most broadcasts: digital terrestrial television (DTT), cable television, satellite television and streaming video.

Previously the term applied to television standards developed in the 1930s to replace test models. It was also used to refer to earlier high-definition models, particularly in Europe, called the D2 Mac, and the HD Mac, but which failed to catch on widely.

The terms in English HD ready ("ready for high definition", in Spanish) and compatible HD ("compatible with high definition") are being used for advertising purposes. They indicate that the electronic device that owns it, be it a television or an image projector, is capable of reproducing high definition signals; although the fact that it is compatible with content in this standard does not imply that the device is high definition or that it has the necessary resolution, as happens with some televisions based on plasma technology with less vertical definition than televisions from years ago (833x480, instead of 720x576 pixels -anamorphic are equivalent to 940x576-), which are compatible with high definition signals because they reduce the resolution of the image to adapt to the real resolution of the screen.^{[quote required]}

Comparison with SDTV

HDTV has at least twice the resolution of SDTV, which is why much more detail can be displayed compared to a regular analog TV or DVD. In addition, the technical standards for broadcasting HDTV allow it to be projected using a 16:9 aspect ratio without using colored stripes and therefore the content resolution can be increased.

Early systems

MUSE

The pioneers in high-definition technology were Japanese television stations, which have been broadcasting in HD for more than 15 years. Japan began with a 1035-line resolution system called MUSE, developed by the NHK company in 1980. The main problem with this system was the excessive use of transmission bands, as it required up to 5 times more spectral space than a channel. standard television.

HD-MAC

The HD-MAC offered 1250 lines, with 50 frames per second like the PAL system and the possibility of satellite transmission. It was the European option for the HDTV market (HD MAC = High Definition Multiplexed Analog Components), it was a complex mix of multiplexed analog video signals with digital sound. The resolution was 1250 lines of which 1152 were visible, with 50 frames per second and a 16:9 aspect. It was widely used in the Olympic Games. of Barcelona 92.

Current systems for high definition

There are three defined technical standards: the American (ATSC), the European (DVB-T) and the Japanese (ISDB-T).

• ATSC: It was designed to add a digital transmitter to each NTSC transmitter without interference between the signals. Developed and used in the United States and adopted or in use in South Korea, Canada, Mexico, and the Dominican Republic, among others, with capacity to broadcast in HD. The standard for reception on mobile phones, called ATSC Mobile DTV it has been developed but it is not integrated to the norm and it will still take time to fully implement it.

• DVB: It is a family of television standards, consisting of different versions; DVB-T/S/C (Terrestre/Satélite/Cable) is a digital television system, created on the basis of the low definition version of the HD MAC high definition system, called (D2 MAC). Its development was due to the failure of the high analogue definition (required 36MHz bandwidth). It was abandoned in the 1990s, for the benefit of a digitalized version of D2 MAC, which was called DVB; it uses MPEG-2 encoding, then went on to use the MPEG-4 codec to optimize bandwidth. It supports resolutions 480i, 576i, 720p, 1080i and 1080p, 50/60Hz, and Channels 6, 7 and 8 MHz, PAL and NTSC. Currently, the new DVB-T2 system will require new decoders because it is planned to coexist with the old DVB-T from 2008, but it is not expected to start firm until after the analog blackout that will release much of the already saturated electromagnetic spectrum in Europe. it has been tested successfully at speeds of 45 Mbit/s in Soweto emits a maximum of 19 The system is being adopted or used in European countries, Colombia, Panama, India, South Africa, Australia and some Asian countries. To improve your bandwidth and reception capabilities.

• ISDB-T: It is a standard developed in Japan that has flexibility, since it can be used with bandwidths for signals of 6, 7 and 8 MHz easily adapting to any part of the world. It is compatible with analog NTSC and PAL standards. You can send audio and image signals of superior quality (FULL HDTV and audio with CD or 5.1) quality and multiplex up to 4 standard definition channels and thus optimize the radio spectrum. It also has multi-media services with return and interactive programs from households. It has the ability to transmit to mobile devices free of charge and with the same infrastructure existing in the TV channel, with low power is able to encompass large tracts of rough territories, as is the case of Japan and much of the mountain and Pacific edge. It is the official digital television standard adopted in Japan and has been modified in Brazil, which subsequently adopted it, followed by Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, Uruguay, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Guatemala and El Salvador, except Colombia, Panama, Guyana, Suriname, Honduras and Mexico.

Africa

Morocco

In the North African country there are several channels that broadcast in HD Laayoune TV HD, 2M TV HD, Arryadia Arrabia HD, Assadissa HD, Aflam TV HD, Tamazight TV HD.

America

El Salvador

It has an HD Digital signal with the ISDB-tb standard in all its transmissions, as of 2018, tests began on public TV, despite the fact that tests had been carried out with the DVB-T standard since 2003, the The government has opted for the ISDB-tb standard for portability reasons. The analog switch-off is expected by the end of 2020.

Argentina

Argentina was one of the first countries to adopt a high definition standard. After a study by a technical commission (ATA, Argentine Chamber of Radio Broadcasting Equipment Suppliers and Manufacturers, Argentine Chamber of Electronic Industries, Association of Argentine Electronic Terminal Factories, ADECUA and the CNC, on October 22, 1998, the The American ATSC standard was officially officially approved, which led to protests from Brazil, as they considered it better to make a joint decision.A short time later, test transmissions began, with ARTEAR being the first company to broadcast in high definition.

Thus, El Trece inaugurated the transmissions in high definition in the matches of this country in the Soccer World Cup in Germany 2006. During 2007 it transmitted 12 hours of programming in Dolby 5.1 sound and in HD (High Definition) panoramic format 16:9 (used in the cinema) by tuning 12.1. All in legally approved ATSC standard.

However, the Argentine government once again creates a technical study commission, which after meeting a couple of times suggests the adoption of the Japanese ISDB-T standard. Thus, on August 31, 2009, the ATSC standard was abandoned and the Japanese standard was adopted. The election was signed with the signing of two agreements. In one, Japan promised to transfer technology, train human resources and equip Channel 7 (Public Television) so that it could start broadcasting. The other agreement was closed with Brazil and contemplates working together to develop the new reception device in the region. What led the Government to lean towards this standard were the possibilities of industrial development and generation of qualified employment. Japan promised not to charge royalties for the use of technology and together with Brazil invited Argentina to participate in the ISDB-T Development Forum, where future technological innovations were discussed together.

As of June 2010, the first official transmission in high definition began using the new standard through Channel 7. Despite the fact that the amount of content in high definition was very limited due to the lack of equipment to carry out For this type of content, a large part of the 2010 Soccer World Cup was broadcast during June and July 2010 in HD.

The first transmissions were isolated tests carried out by some companies using the frequencies granted for that purpose. A mechanism that really does not contribute to selecting a standard in an orderly manner and that lacks the necessary rigor to carry out an official decision in this regard. This modality was implemented in the past decade as a result of pressure from the United States to force the ATSC standard and start test broadcasts as soon as possible, with the support of some of the radio broadcasters at the time. Such is the case that Telefe began transmitting in ATSC, supporting it very vehemently and then switched to DVB, both in modulation and in preference.

Currently, the sale of LCD and LED HDTV televisions is increasing and it is increasingly common to find in homes in the City of Buenos Aires and the Buenos Aires suburbs, the digital television service offered by cable operators. While in the rest of the country only the Intercable Network through a DVB-S system as a contribution platform and DVB-C as a distribution platform, it is present in various cities in the interior of the country.

On August 29, 2010, the first live broadcast was made from outside, when a women's hockey World Cup game was broadcast from Rosario (Argentina - South Africa). The company Pulsar Televisión HD was hired by Public Television to generate the images that were later viewed through the Digital Terrestrial Television system and cable companies that broadcast the Digital Public TV signal.

Versions of the Argentine Open TV channels in HD

• The Thirteen HD

• Telefe HD

• The Nine HD

• America HD

• Public Television Argentina HD

• HD meeting

• DeporTV HD

There are also high definition pay TV versions of the following channels: C5N HD, TN HD, Rocket HD, Quiero HD, ESPN HD, Fox Sports HD, TyC Sports HD, TyC Sports 2 HD, TyC Sports 3 HD, TyC Max HD, Cable Sport HD, Cable Sport 2 HD, Cable Sport 3 HD, A24 HD, América Sports HD, Canal 26 HD, Multisports HD and Cartoon Network HD

Brazil

Brazil was the only country where broadcasters and the emerging industries team were part of laboratory and field tests to compare the technical effectiveness of the three existing technological standards. Mackenzie Presbyterian University, together with the NEC team, conducted several tests that led to the choice of ISDB-Tb,(b = Brazilian) in modified form. The Institute of the University of São Paulo, in its integrated systems laboratory, created a fully Brazilian transmission by default. Digital TV in Brazil arrived at 20:48 on December 2, 2007, with a speech by the President of the Republic. Initially in São Paulo by default Japanese with some adjustments. On April 20, the high definition signal was launched by Rede Globo only in the metropolitan region of Gran Río. HDTV is also already present in Campinas, Goiânia, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, Curitiba, Manaus, Belém, Florianópolis and Salvador de Bahía, the last two in the experimental phase. Santos is the second city in the interior to receive the digital signal, in March 2009^{[citation required]}.

Chili

On September 14, 2009, President Michelle Bachelet announced that Chile had opted for the ISDB-Tb (MPEG-4) standard. Minister René Cortázar said that the new norm was chosen for the best quality of reception, for the largest number of signals and for the option of operating TV by cell phone.

Previously, on September 30, 2008, the Minister Secretary General of the Government, Francisco Vidal, said in a conversation with Radio Cooperativa: "I apologize, because I have said about three times this year that "the next Monday the project will enter Parliament". Now I am in a position to truly say that next week we are in a position to send the digital television standard to Congress».

The channel of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Channel 13 - UCTV) has carried out HDTV tests under the ATSC standard on frequency 12.1 VHF for more than two years, and since November 2006 under the DVB-T standard on frequency 21 UHF and under the Japanese standard on channel 24. It was planned to carry out tests under the DVB-H standard in the short term. Currently in Chile, Channel 13 is testing the Japanese system, transmitting with very low power and covering a large part of Santiago at fixed reception level. As for mobile reception, it is received without any problem.

Currently Channel 13 is broadcast on ISDB-T on channel 24, broadcasting a documentary about Santiago de Chile in Japanese at 1080i.

Digital transmissions began experimentally in 1995, broadcasting from Punta Arenas, journalistic notes in compressed digital image, an experience used very often in the Press Department and later in other regions of the country, such as Arica Parinacota, Los Ríos, Los Lagos, Bío Bío and Aysén. Added to this are some transmissions via fiber optics in Cuba.

Televisión Nacional de Chile (TVN), between November 1999 and May 2000, carried out experimental HDTV transmissions under the ATSC standard on frequency 8 VHF. As of November 2007, TVN transmits a test signal in ATSC on channel 33 UHF, 4 SDTV signals on the same frequency.

Recently, the National Television Association (ANATEL) stated in El Mercurio its rejection of the US standard (ATSC) in favor of the Japanese standard (ISDB-T) as the definitive standard for Digital Television^{[ citation required]}, previously the Chilean blogosphere had expressed its support for ISDB-T despite the fact that ANATEL remained firm for months in favor of the US standard.

Meanwhile, ARETEL BIOBIO is fully supporting the European standard, since it has more flexibility, interactivity with viewers, and above all, more possibility of integrating people from the community.

In September 2007, an oversight commission for DTT was created with a pioneering plan in the world. It consists of choosing 160 families that will be able to use the 3 standards in play (ISDB-T, DVB-t and ATSC) at the same time and will be able to evaluate them. The government, through the subway, will take all the equipment to the volunteer's home, whether they are decoders or HD televisions, so that they can give their impressions on each standard.

The controversy over the bandwidth used in Chile (6 MHz) was present, because the European standard uses 8 MHz, leaving HD with poorer definition for bandwidths, such as the Chilean one (6 MHz). Only 2 countries with a bandwidth of 6 MHz/NTSC have chosen DVB-T, creating a great technical debate (clarifying that ISDB-T and ATSC comply with the Chilean bandwidth without major problems).

On September 14, 2009, Chile opted for the Japanese-Brazilian standard for Digital Television. Given the geographical conditions, this norm is the optimal one certified by university studies that endorse the election. Now, all that remains is for Congress to approve the pertinent regulation for transmissions to be legal in the country.

Immediately after choosing the Digital TV standard, Subtel delivered DTT test licenses (since September 15, 2009) to TVN, Chilevisión and Canal 13, which are broadcasting under the ISDB-T HD/ONE standard -SEG in trial mode until congress approves the regulation.^{[citation required]}

Channel 13 was the first open signal to offer its contents in high definition, as of November 16, 2009, through signal 813 of the cable operator VTR and on July 26, 2010 through signal 813 by Movistar TV Digital and by Gtd Manquehue on channel 813 as well. Currently, it has about 40% of the programming in full HD quality (with 1920 x 1080 resolution) and 16:9 aspect ratio. of the 2010 South Africa World Cup, TVN HD began to be broadcast by the cable operators VTR (Channel 807) and TuVes HD (Channel 71). This, despite TVN's denial that its signal be used by pay TV providers.

Costa Rica

In Costa Rica, Teletica channel 7 has been testing in HD since 2006, where it broadcast movies in HD and in 2009 where it made its first HD broadcasts with national soccer matches. Since then, Teletica has bought HDC-1000 studio cameras, which, apart from those sold to the two major channels in Mexico, is the first that Sony sells in all of Latin America, and also acquired two HDC-1400s. Producing original programming in High Definition.

Repretel Channel 6 also broadcasts in HD on channels RHD 6.1 and 6.2, although most programming is rescaled.

The Government of Costa Rica chose ISDB-T technology through a commission in 2010. And in August 2019 the analog blackout will take place for the capital (San José) by 2020 all of Costa Rica would not have analog channels

Ecuador

In Ecuador, the digital terrestrial television system chosen was ISDB-T. Thus, the Ecuadorian television station Teleamazonas will air Teleamazonas HD, which will be the high definition signal of Teleamazonas. Its transmissions began on March 1, 2011, making the television station the first in Ecuador to have an HDTV signal on the air. Likewise Ecuavisa with Ecuavisa HD, which will be Ecuavisa's high definition signal. Its transmissions began on March 1, 2011, making the television station the second in Ecuador to have an HDTV signal on the air, Canal Uno HD and Oromar HD, other channels such as TC Televisión, Gamavisión, Ecuador TV, Canal Uno, RTS, RTU, Oromar Televisión, Telerama, Televicentro and the university channel UCSG Televisión are in test transmissions of the HDTV signal. On the other hand, Ecuavisa and TC Televisión are the only free-to-air HDTV channels but on pay television through Grupo TV Cable, for the moment these are the HDTV television stations in Ecuador.

Currently the channels are on the air: Ecuavisa HD, TC HD, Teleamazonas HD, RTS HD, Televicentro HD, Gamavisión HD, Canal Uno HD, RTU HD, Oromar HD, TVS.FHD.RS, Telecuenca HD, TV Color HD, Telecosta HD, UTV HD, Canal Sur - Municipal Television of Loja HD, Manabita HD Television, Telesucesos HD, Zaracay TV HD and Unimax TV HD.

El Salvador

In El Salvador, the most important television station in that country, Telecorporación Salvadoreña, began high-definition transmission tests in 2007.

The preparation process for the change in production from analog to digital began in 2005, two years later, in 2007 TCS renewed its entire fleet of cameras and production equipment and acquired Sony XDCAM HD equipment. In 2010 Telecorporación Salvadoreña begins the transmission of some of its programs and slots in HD - high definition, pilot tests are carried out at the end of 2009 and its implementation began with the transmission of the 2010 Soccer World Cup.

Currently its prime time is broadcast in HD format made up of the programs Who wants to be a millionaire? El Salvador, Dancing for a dream El Salvador, Singing for a dream El Salvador, Ticket (television program), and international sporting events such as the World Cup and the UEFA Champions League, among others.

United States

In the United States, the foundations for the development of high-definition and analog television systems were laid in 1991. The United States was the first country to broadcast the best quality of HDTV. Throughout the country all channels are broadcast in High Definition. Hispanic channels that broadcast in HD format are Telemundo, divisions of NBC UNIVERSAL, Univisión and the sister network Telefutura, as well as others that are HBO Latino and Galavisión. The United States is one of the countries that transmits the best high definition and was the first to have HDTV and 3D @max technology. Many channels from Latin American countries have had many conflicts with the United States because of the technology that this country has today and that it has developed. Some of the countries that have tried to surpass the United States in high-definition technology are South American.

On-air HDTV channels

• NBC Universal
• FOX Networks
• CBS
• PIX News
• TNT
• USA
• Universal
• CNN
• The Weather Channel
• ABC

Columbia

In Colombia, the digital television system chosen is the European one (DVB-T2). The decision of the National Television Commission was announced on August 28, 2008, after various delays and negotiations. Colombia decided to operate with the MPEG-4 compression system.

The first television operator to offer HD was DirecTV (satellite). In the first half of 2010, it began to be offered by the operators Claro (cable-satellite), Tigo UNE (IPTV) and (HFC) and Movistar Colombia (satellite) anticipating the arrival of the FIFA World Cup in South Africa. 2010.

Currently the private channels Caracol and RCN transmit their high definition signal in the digital television format (DVB-T) and DVB-T2 to the cities of Bogotá and Medellín, the cities of Barranquilla and Cali have DVB-T2 since May 2012

RTVC, Radio y Televisión Nacional de Colombia currently broadcasts digital signals since 2012 through its three channels, Canal Uno, Señal Institucional and Señal Colombia, covering 85% of Bogotá.

These are the following Open Television channels available in High Definition

• RCN HD 1/2 channel

• Caracol HD 1/2/3

• Channel 1 HD

• Channel Thirteen HD

• Signal Colombia HD

• HD Institutional Channel

Venezuelan

In Venezuela there are some Venezuelan channels that have the high definition format where it corresponds to the analog signal, maybe there are channels that have the HD format

These are the following Open Television and subscription channels available in High Definition

• Heart Llanero HD
• HD TLT
• Ve Plus HD
• Telesur HD
• Vepaco TV HD
• IVC HD
• Globovision HD
• Sun Channel HD
• TV Family HD

Guatemala

This country is the first in Central America^{[citation needed]} to implement high-definition television in 2006, in time to broadcast all the World Cup matches of that year, through channels 3 and 7, with its repeater in high definition, channel 19. It is still in the experimental stage, but it is expected that more channels in the future will begin with the transition.

Honduras

In Honduras, 4 channels produce programming in high definition. Being the first Campus TV, which has the best technology and HD quality in Honduras and Central America, with its FullHD programming in 1080i on frequencies 59.1 and 59.2. Canal TEN (National Educational Television) also ventured into this area on frequency 20.1. Televicentro, the largest television station in the country, broadcast 56 of the 64 matches of the 2010 World Cup in South Africa in high definition and currently broadcasts soccer matches and special events produced in this quality through its HD channel. As of December 6, 2010, Televicentro began its new HD era, with the transmission of its news programs in this format through Amnet/Tigo and Cablecolor. In 2013, Televicentro presented the only and largest mobile HD unit in Honduras. Thus, capable of transmitting special and sporting events. Like the matches of the Honduran national team and matches of the National League, in HD. Channel 11 also broadcasts all its newscasts and the sports program "Todo Deportes" in High Definition through Cablecolor. HCH Televisión Digital has been broadcasting on the air for 13 years, but this technology did not always exist until the beginning of this decade. Channel 11, broadcasts in high definition matches of the Honduran national league as well as soap operas in high definition.

Mexico

The Mexican television company Televisa began making experimental HDTV broadcasts in the early 1990s in collaboration with the Japanese company NHK but these were analog signals in the MUSE format (a format that was replaced by ISDB-T) which made to the original commercially unviable Mexican HDTV. As of today, and due to the telecommunications reform of the government of President Enrique Peña Nieto, all analog signals have been converted to digital before the end of 2015.

During the first half of 2005, at least one cable provider in Mexico City, Cablevisión (now Izzi Telecom), began offering five HDTV channels to subscribers who purchased a digital video recorder (DVR).

In mid-April 2010, the SKY satellite payment service launched its HD service for subscribers who purchased a SKY+HD decoder. Currently the SKY service offers two decoders with HD and Full HD technology, which are SKYHD and SKY+HD; both decoders offer 35 channels with these technologies, in addition to offering different events purchased individually.

In December 2010, the satellite payment service Dish Network Mexico launched its HD service with 6 channels plus an HD antenna.

In 2004 Televisa made its first telenovela in HD presented in 1080i/16:9: Rubí.

On January 1, 2008, Televisa began distributing all of its news content in HD 1080i/16:9. On January 7, 2008, TV Azteca began distributing all its news content in HD 1080i/16:9.

The standard selected for the transmission of these signals was the American ATSC.

On October 27, 2016, a decree was issued to reassign virtual channels nationwide; Currently, virtual channels are assigned by chain (whether national or regional) by the IFT for easy identification, for example, Las Estrellas retransmitters are always redirected to channel 2.1 regardless of the population or frequency of the real channel. However, some stations that broadcast in towns on the northern border have a channel other than the one provisionally assigned as these channels are being used by other channels in the United States.

Paraguayan

The ISDB-T system was adopted for digital television in the country.
In Paraguay there are high definition versions of the following open TV channels:

• Telefuturo HD

• National HD Television System

• Network Paraguaya de Comunicación HD

• Unicanal Hd

• PY HD News

• Latele HD

• HD Paravision

• Paraguay TV HD

• Arandu Rape HD

Also on Pay TV (cable and satellite) there are high definition versions of the following: Canal 5 HD, Unicanal HD, E40 TV HD, HEI HD, Tigo Music HD, Tigo Sports HD, Tigo Sports 2 HD, Tigo Sports 3 HD, Tigo Sports 4 HD, CDF HD, Personal Sports HD, One Sports HD, One Sports Plus HD, One Sports Extra HD and Channel 20 HD.

Peru

In November 2006, the Ministry of Transport and Communications published in the official newspaper "El Peruano", a regulation about the implementation of digital terrestrial television (DTT) in the country and the bases for initiate experimental transmissions. In this regard, the reserve of the 470-698 MHz band corresponding to TV channels (14 - 51) was set for the development of national DTT. Frecuencia Latina broadcast the 2010 Women's Volleyball World Cup in HD in what was one of the first broadcasts in Peru. On July 19, 2007, the Andina de Televisión (ATV) channel began with experimental high definition broadcasts using the American ATSC digital standard, carried out on channel 30 UHF in Lima. ATV HD broadcast some movies, music clips and events that the television station broadcast in its standard definition signal. The ATSC tests continued until August 2009, when ATV migrated to the ISDB-Tb standard, designated as the official one by the Government, within channel 29 UHF in Lima. Previously, in January 2009, América Televisión began experimental digital television transmissions through channel 31 UHF for Lima, using the ISDB-Tb standard and with the advice of Japanese and Brazilian technicians. Three months later, on April 23, the government approves the aforementioned standard for digital TV transmissions. The system finally used and authorized as of 2009 is ISDB-Tb.

On March 30, 2010, the digital signal of the TV Peru channel (ISDB-Tb standard) was officially launched through channel 16 UHF within the digital terrestrial television system, in a ceremony held from the Government Palace, becoming the first Peruvian channel to broadcast in this new format. On March 31, 2010, ATV officially launched its digital transmissions on ISDB-Tb within channel 18 UHF in Lima and Callao in an inaugural ceremony that was attended by the then President of the Republic, Alan García Pérez. The first regular program broadcast in HD was the telenovela ¿Dónde está Elisa?, which premiered on March 25. Later, the telenovelas Los Victorinos and El cartel de los sapos were released in HD. On August 30, 2010, ATV launched the program Magaly TeVe in high definition, making it the first television program in Peru to be produced in HD.

Subsequently, the channels Frecuencia Latina, América Televisión and Red TV (currently known as Global) launched their official signals in HD between 2010 and 2011. The last national open television channels to launch the signal in high definition were Panamericana Televisión, which began its tests in April 2012 and launched its official signal only in April 2014, and RBC Televisión, which launched its HD signal in August of the same year.

Currently, the vast majority of productions are broadcast in HD. Also, during the 2010s all channels changed their standard (SD) signals to 1080i 16:9 resolution. The analogue or technological blackout will occur in 2022 for Lima and Callao, while in other provinces and regions It will be be given between 2023 and 2028. The channels in high definition on open television are:

• Willax HD Television

• America HD Television

• ATV HD

• Panamerica Television HD

• Latina Television HD

• Viva TV HD

• Global HD

• TV Peru HD

• Education HD TV

There are also High Definition versions on Pay TV that are: Canal N HD, ATV+ HD, Movistar Deportes HD, Movistar Plus HD, RPP TV HD and Gol Perú HD.

Dominican Republic

In the Dominican Republic, channel 5 of the local television, Telemicro, in the middle of the summer of 2008, announces that for the first quarter of 2012 it will broadcast transmissions on HDTV. Tricom offers high definition channel services in its premium cable plans, currently being one of the companies that is currently providing service in the Dominican Republic. The Claro company is also providing HD channel service through its IPTV service.

Most of the Dominican cable and satellite TV companies began their conversion to high definition signal.

Uruguay

In Uruguay there are high definition versions of the following channels:

• Teledoce HD

• Monte Carlo TV HD

• Channel 10 HD
• Channel 7 HD

• TNU HD

• Teve City Channel 6 HD

• MEC Television HD

• GOLTV HD

On Pay TV there are High Definition versions on the following channels: VTV HD, VTV 2 HD, VTV 3 HD, VTV Sports HD, TCC Sports HD and MC Sports HD.

Regions

European Union

On a pan-European level, High Definition (HD) versions of the following channels have been broadcast

• Eurosport HD

• Disney XD HD

• Discovery Channel HD

Latin America

In Latin America there are versions of the channels in high definition

News

• CNN in Spanish HD

Sports

• ESPN HD

• Fox Sports HD

• DirecTV Sports HD

• Sky Sports HD

• beIN Sports HD

Film and Series

• TNT HD

Asian

South Korea

After a long dispute between the government and the broadcasters, the ATSC format was chosen over DVB-T. 2005 was the date that digital services became available throughout the country.

It was imposed that at least 10 hours of HD content be broadcast each week during the first year of the commercial digital service.

Japan

Japan has pioneered HDTV for decades with an analog implementation. Your old system is not compatible with the new digital standards. In Japan, MPEG-2 encoded HD terrestrial broadcasting by ISDB-T began in December 2003. Two million HD receivers have already been sold in Japan to date. Among the advantages is that it is the only standard that allows joint transmission to fixed (home), portable (portable TV, notebook or PDA) and mobile (cellular phones) devices with a transmitted signal, which leads to savings in the radio spectrum and infrastructure costs.

Europe

For now, many of the countries are showing interest in HDTV. The most common is EDTV using DVB.

Although HDTV is still possible with DVB-T, in most countries more signals are preferred on a single multiplex channel, rather than a single channel for HDTV, more common in the US, Canada, Japan and Australia. As a single HDTV channel will occupy the bandwidth of four SDTV channels (8 MHz), HDTV is not suitable for terrestrial broadcast needs in Europe. Also, some governments want to switch to digital television instead of reallocating VHF frequencies for other uses. The H.264 codec may be the key to the success of HDTV in Europe in the future. A new version of DVB-T (DVB-T2) will be key to the implementation of HD in Europe, allowing multiple FullHD and 3DTV channels to be placed simultaneously in the same multiplex.

In January 2005, the EICTA announced plans for an "HD ready" label for equipment that meets certain requirements, including support for 720p and 1080i at 50 and 60 Hz. Displays must include YUV and DVI or HDMI interfaces and have a native vertical resolution of 720 lines or greater.

European Union

The European Commission analyzed the state of 16:9 broadcasts, as well as HDTV in the document The contribution of wide-screen and high definition to the global roll-out of digital television (The contribution of widescreen and high definition to the global expansion of digital television).

This document states that the previous objectives for the European introduction of HDTV in 1999 (or HD-MAC in 1992) were not achieved because the market focused on digital technologies and services that are easier to implement. Therefore, European consumers never had the opportunity to try HDTV.

He also points out some causes of the poor representation of HDTV in the European Union (EU):

• European market dominators thought HDTV would fail in Europe.
• The broadcasters preferred to focus on multi-channel SDTV, cheaper.
• A SDTV screen resolution has a better effective cost than an equivalent HDTV.

Later, the commissioners suggested that some coordination in the EU was required for HDTV services to make it available to all member states.

Germany

The Sky Deutschland pay platform, then called Premiere, began broadcasting three HD channels in December 2005. These channels present different content (movies, sports and documentaries). Just like HD1 the Premiere channels use H.264 and DVB-S2 as compression method. In December 2006, the high-definition sports channel was integrated with the movies channel. Currently, Sky has several high definition channels in its offer.

In 2006, the private channels ANIXE, Sat.1 and ProSieben began broadcasting in high definition. Later the chains of the RTL group would be added. Although the private ones began by issuing these versions in high definition in the open, they are currently paid, being integrated into the HD+ platform, as well as on cable television.

In 2010, the public operators ARD and ZDF began broadcasting in high definition. These broadcast at 720p, unlike the private and paid ones, which use the 1080i format.

In Germany, high definition is distributed by satellite and cable, but not by DTT.

Spain

In Spain Aragón Televisión carried out the first High Definition Television tests over DTT in Spain on June 15, 2006, broadcasting both in 720/50p and 1080/25i using MPEG4/H.264 compression at 11 Mbit/ s. The first channel with regular tests to broadcast in High Definition was TV3 (Televisión de Catalunya) which began on April 23, 2007, coinciding with Saint George's Day, from the repeater on the Collserola mountain, which provides a signal to the city of Barcelona and surroundings. During the test period, TV3HD broadcast a small selection of series and content from its other two channels on a channel that until then was used as a test and information channel on DTT. Since August 11, 2008, TV3HD was replaced in multiplex 43 by a broadcast of the Valencian regional channel Canal 9 in standard definition, as well as a digital version of K3/33. The TV3HD signal resumed its broadcasts on June 18, 2009, on the same frequency as in the previous tests. Since August 2009, the regional television of the Region of Murcia (7RM) has a high definition channel (7RM HD).

In the first phase, TV3HD broadcast in MPEG4 H.264 format at 10.2 Mbit/s in its first phase, thus avoiding using more bandwidth (compared to what MPEG-2 would consume) than already limited and saturated Spanish spectrum. The resolution used was 1440×1080i, with which the panoramic contents were anamorphic. The sound track was Dolby Digital 2.0 at 192 kbit/s. It is currently broadcasting again in that resolution and format, but with a lower bandwidth.

Aragón Televisión began broadcasting tests on a regular basis in June 2008 and with its own content in June 2009, being the first commercial channel in Spain to broadcast HD content and programming free-to-air. In addition, in 2008 the TDT HD Platform was created between the Catalan Audiovisual Media Corporation and the Aragonese Radio and Television Corporation together with TV3 and ATV. The Corporations and Televisions of Asturias, the Balearic Islands, Valencia and Murcia have joined this platform, as well as FORTA as an autonomous body. His initiative is based on the technical and content exchange in High Definition.

TVE launched in 2010, after the analog blackout, TVE HD, a high definition channel that was available on the Canal+ and Movistar TV platforms during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The channel began its test broadcasts through DTT in the city of Valladolid in June 2009. Currently, TVE HD is available throughout the Spanish territory.

The private HD offer began on September 20, 2010 with the Telecinco HD channel, which currently broadcasts a rescaling of Telecinco's programming. A new channel was added to that channel on September 28: Antena 3 HD, on November 1, 2010 the broadcasts of La Sexta HD began, whose broadcast format is the same as that of the Gestevisión Telecinco and Antena 3 channels.

Currently, the sale of digital television decoders (DTT) that support this format in Spain is beginning to emerge, however the decoders compatible with the interactive services of the MHP standard are barely marketed despite the fact that they are already offered by all Spanish channels, with what the situation will require that users end up having to change their decoder 1, 2 or even more times to accommodate the changes. The government has pushed for measures that require manufacturers to integrate digital decoders that comply with the HD MPEG-4 standard in televisions larger than 21 inches from July 2010.

The Spanish company Sogecable, owner of the Digital+ payment platform, carried out some transmission tests of High Definition programs on the Astra satellite on June 16, 2005. In autumn 2007, said platform began to distribute a new decoder (iPlus) with support for high definition both on DTT and satellite, with the intention of later introducing its own high definition programming offer. In January 2008, Sogecable launched the Canal+ HD channel, which broadcasts in high definition (1080i). Said channel has broadcast since January 2008 on a regular basis. Other broadcasts on the same platform have been added to this first signal, namely: Fox HD, Canal+ Liga HD, Canal+ HD Acción and HD Music.

Internet and telephony provider Jazztel planned to offer some High Definition channels over ADSL2+ lines in mid-2006, but it is possible that it will not do so until they begin to install VDSL2 technology like Telefónica.

Since 2007, Telefónica has been offering High Definition TV on its digital television platform Movistar TV. In principle, it is only possible for Movistar TV users connected via VDSL2 and FTTH and not ADSL2+.

The company that owns the cable platform ONO announced that it would launch a decoder adapted for HDTV in early 2008.

In addition, in Spain you can find High Definition content on the satellite broadcast for all of Europe of channels HD1, HD2 and HD5 (Euro1080 Platform that broadcast in 1080i and video game platforms in High Definition such as Xbox 360 (1080p) and PlayStation 3 (1080p) whose videogames and other downloadable content are mostly in 720p format (although they can be viewed in 1080i/p). Alternatively, through a PC it is also possible to have High Definition content for a few years, if it is properly equipped with a graphics card for playing games in High Definition or simply a processor with sufficient processing capacity to decode the content, in the case of HD video, it is also possible to equip the PC with a reader unit of Blu-ray or HD DVD discs for high-definition disc playback, although certain DRM protection systems may require specific devices such as cables do or display screen.

• The 1 HD
• The 2 HD
• Antenna 3 HD
• Four HD
• Telecinco HD
• The Sixth HD
• Television HD
• HD Clan
• Real Madrid TV HD
• Be Mad HD
• Atreseries HD
• TV3 HD
• 7RM HD
• Telemadrid HD
• TPA9 HD
• IB3 HD
• Television Canaria HD
• CMM TV HD
• South Channel HD
• ETB 1 HD
• ETB 2 HD
• CYLTV HD
• Aragon TV HD
• Punt HD

France

In 2005, TF1, M6 and TPS expressed their intention to broadcast some programs in HD. In addition, since September 2005, subscription television channels use H.264.

Since April 5, 2016, French digital terrestrial television (TNT) began to exclusively use the MPEG-4 AVC (H.264) codec and therefore broadcast all TNT channels only in high definition.

United Kingdom

In the UK the BBC already produces some programs (mainly documentaries) in HD for foreign markets such as the US and Japan. The Corporation intends to produce all its programs in HD by 2010. It is believed that the BBC will approve 720p for its progressive scan technology.

There are no plans for HDTV versions of Freeview and Top Up TV for digital terrestrial television services, as free bandwidth is not available. This should change after the analog TV signals are disconnected, but the date for this disconnection is still being debated.

Pay platform Sky was scheduled to launch its HD satellite services in 2006. It will be limited to some channels and special events. Sky has confirmed that both 720p and 1080i will be available.

Recent reports suggest that Sky will make top-tier sporting events, such as football matches, available to pubs ahead of the launch of the home HD service.

You can almost guarantee that cable TV providers will upgrade to HD as soon as the channels are available.

Oceania

Australia

Australia began broadcasting in HD in January 2002 but HD content was not made mandatory until August 2003. Most Australian cities with more than 40,000 people have at least one DTT channel (for example, in Albany (Western Australia), DTT has been available since May 2005). However, most Australian DTT stations are still experimenting with HDTV broadcasts.

Recording, compression, and pre-recorded media

HDTV can be recorded on D-VHS (Data-VHS), W-VHS, or on a digital video recorder that supports HDTV such as the TiVo offered by DirecTV or the DVR 921 and DVR 942 offered by DISH Network. As of 2008, in the United States the only recording option is D-VHS. D-VHS records digitally to any VHS tape, requiring a FireWire (IEEE 1394) digital transport to couple the MPEG-2 compressed frame from the modulator device to the recorder. Direct capture of HD signals to a storage device such as a digital video recorder, or a PC hard drive if the PC has an HDTV decoding card, can also occur since no initial recompression is involved. the file size depends on the bit rate of the original stream (up to 19.2 Mbit/s), as it is simply written to the hard drive (it is possible to recompress the content later to a more advanced format - DivX, H. 264- if you want to save disk space). In addition, video capture cards are beginning to appear that, apart from storing HDTV signals on a hard drive, can capture HD content from sources other than the television signal (for example, video game consoles such as the Xbox 360 and PS3) without perform any kind of compression, such as [http://www.blackmagic-iberia.com/products/intensity/ (broken link available at Internet Archive; see history, first and last version). Intensity Pro] by Blackmagic Design, fits It should be noted that the computing power required to capture and process these signals is relatively high for 2008 average equipment, requiring hard drives with 3 Gbs transfer and computers with dual core processors.

As part of the "plug and play" As issued by the FCC, cable companies must provide a functional IEEE 1394 port to customers who rent HD boxes (if requested). No DBS provider has offered this feature on any of the boxes they offer. As of July 2004 these ports still did not appear in the FCC's mandate. The available content is protected by encryption that limits or completely blocks the ability to record it.

Future Media

HD programming can be recorded to an optical disc using Blu-ray technologies. Currently the biggest drivers of both formats can be considered Xbox 360, which can be connected to an external HD DVD player (currently obsolete) and has downloadable content in high definition, and PlayStation 3, which includes a Blu-ray player for both games like watching movies in High Definition. Both video game systems have most games and content in 720p although they allow 1080p (HD DVD and Blu-Ray movies are all 1080p). This fact can be a great driver of high definition.

Microsoft

In an effort to create a high-definition format compatible with bit rates for high-definition video on standard DVD-ROMs, Microsoft introduced the Windows Media 9 Series codec with the ability to to compress a high-definition bitstream into the same amount of space as a conventional NTSC bitstream (which is about 5 to 9 Mbit/s for resolutions 720p and up). Microsoft released the Windows Media 9 series high-definition codec as the WMV HD. It remains to be seen if the codec will be widely adopted, or at least as a Hi-Fi industry standard. In November 2003 the WMV HD format required significant processing power to be able to encode and decode a movie, as a result the only commercially available movie that made use of the codec was Terminator 2: Extreme Edition on DVD.. Since then more titles have been released on the WMV HD DVD format such as the acclaimed surf documentary Step Into Liquid (pending title in Spanish). In early 2005, Microsoft recommended a 3.0 GHz processor with 512 MiB of RAM and a video card with 128 MiB of memory as the minimum requirements to play a movie in 1080p resolution on Windows. XP although there were already players on the market, such as the KiSS DP-600, that could already play WMV HD DVD ROM discs on HD-capable TVs. The codec was submitted to SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) and has become the SMPTE standard, known as VC-1, included in all HD DVD movies, and from recent Blu-Ray releases (whose first titles were in MPEG-2).

Although its output has been much later than the definition of the format, Microsoft's own high-definition video game system, the XBOX 360, is compatible directly or through a computer with the operating system Windows XP Media Center, with the WMV HD format since the 10/31/2006 update, and since January 2007 it allows H.264 and MPEG-4 containers, although not through Windows Media Center at the moment.

Dissemination

Other codecs, such as AVC (which is part 10 of MPEG-4 and is also known as H.264), have been approved by ITU- T (International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector) and MPEG (Moving Imaging Experts Group, and VP6 and VP7 codecs, which were designed by On2 Technologies, have also been approved.

Major broadcast companies in the US and Europe have already adopted the H.264 standard. These companies include: DirecTV and the [DISH Network] in the United States and BSkyB (English site), Premiere (German site), Canal+ and TPS (French site) in Europe. The H.264 standard was chosen for several reasons: the first is that the standard was validated as an open standard for at least a year before VC-1 was even seriously considered as a standard and in At the time, there were questions about what regulations Microsoft might impose once the algorithm was adopted. To date only a few broadcast companies have considered the VC-1 standard. It had been thought that VC-1 would have been better than H.264 for the IPTV environment, but according to press releases made by companies that manufacture STBs (cable or satellite boxes) (such such as Amino, Pace, InfoMir and Kreatel) have shown that there are solutions based on the H.264 standards.

There are rumors that Microsoft may have taken the H.264 standard and modified and improved it to market it as VC-1 without giving any credit to MPEG-LA. However this remains a rumor and has never been officially confirmed or denied.

An example of cable provider concerns can be found on this site.

VP6

On2 reported that China had chosen VP6 as the standard for the Enhanced Versatile Disc (EVD) format. Supposedly China wanted to avoid having to pay for the rights to use WM9 and AVC. The advantage of using VP6 would have been that you would not have to pay usage rights on recording media but these costs would be passed on to the price of the players at a similar cost to other codecs. As China begins to dominate the manufacturing of TVs and DVD players, its decisions on standards carry more weight.

Just because a codec is cheap doesn't mean it's an advantage over DVD, plus players would be incompatible with DVD-video unless you pay for the usage rights for the technologies that are necessary for it. Make the player play DVD. Very few videos were released in the VP6 format so it didn't generate enough traction to force people to buy VP6 players, which were not compatible with the DVD format. It is unlikely that this format will be adopted by a film studio in the United States if there is no method of protection against piracy and this was not specified either. Shortly after it was announced that VP6 would be the EVD standard, negotiations between On2 and E-World (a group that supported the use of EVD as a standard) soured. On2 reported several contract violations by E-World and On2 requested that these faults be arbitrated but in March 2005 it ruled in favor of E-World since it was recognized that E-World had not failed in its part of the contract and he owed nothing to On2. It was never made clear whether the Chinese government had actually adopted VP6 as a standard.

HD-DVD and Blu-ray

Recently the DVD Forum and the Blu-ray Association failed to agree on standards for 12cm high-definition discs. In February 2008, after a format war with rival Blu-Ray, Toshiba dropped the HD DVD format, and the HD DVD Promotion Group, which promoted the standard, dissolved on March 28, 2008.

The video codecs for both Blu-Ray and the extinct HD-DVD are MPEG-2 part 2, VC-1 and H.264.

There are now some DVD players that include the ability to send high-definition signals to the TV from standard-definition DVDs. This is done by artificially scaling the image, although some displays already do the scaling themselves to fit the image to the actual screen resolution. The only improvement is the robustness of the image, with more pixels representing the same content pixel. Some DVD player manufacturers, usually little known Asian brands, or some like Kiss or Philips, license the DivX codec so that their players can play 720p/1080i content from content recorded on standard DVD-R discs.

On February 19, 2008, toshiba announces on its website that it will discontinue the HD DVD format due to "various changes in the market".

Quotation from the statement: "We carefully assessed the long-term impact of continuing the so-called 'next-generation format war' and concluded that a swift decision will best help the market develop," said Atsutoshi Nishida, President and CEO of Toshiba Corporation. "While we are disappointed for the company and more importantly, for the consumer, the real mass market opportunity for high definition content remains untapped and Toshiba is both able and determined to use our talent, technology and intellectual property to make digital convergence a reality".

"We have carefully evaluated the long-term effects of continuing what has been dubbed the "Next Generation Format War" and it has been concluded that a quick decision is the best way to help the development of this market," said Atsutoshi Nishida, president and CEO of Toshiba Corporation. "Although this is a disappointment for the company, but more importantly, for the consumer, the opportunity for a real mass market of high-definition content, which remains untapped, and at Toshiba we feel capable and determined to use our talent, technology and intellectual property to make digital convergence a reality".

HD cameras

In 2003 JVC introduced the GR-HD1, the world's first high-definition digital camera aimed at the consumer market, recording in 720/30p 16:9 with output up-converted to 1080/60i and 720 analog components. /60p or output via firewire at 720/30p. Later in September 2004 Sony launched its first HD camera for personal use called HDR-FX1. Said camera can record in the 1080i/60 format (the PAL version records at 1080i/50) and is capable of recording on a Mini-DV tape using the HDV format. The camera uses the MPEG-2 codec to record video and audio and the 3-CCD system to add color correctly. Because of this, the HDR-FX1 (in theory) comes very close to a professional HD camera. Apple's iMovie HD, Final Cut Express HD and Final Cut Pro HD (with Lumiere HD installed) programs are capable of editing MPEG-2 HD/HDV in a very stable manner. A Macintosh is required to run these programs. For PC users, Adobe Premiere Pro 1.5 and Sony Vegas 6 are capable of HD editing. Cinelerra, a popular open source video editor, also supports HDV editing and can run on a wide range of system architectures. Panasonic and Canon have released cameras that follow the same format as the Sony camera. Cameras used for television broadcasts record directly to hard drives via a raw input/output format.