Heterocyclic compound

Heterocyclic compounds are cyclic chemical compounds in which the member atoms of the cycle belong to two or more different elements. In organic chemistry, heterocyclic compounds are made up of carbon and carbon atoms. at least one other item. These non-carbon atoms are called heteroatoms and are mainly nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.

Classification

Taking as classification criteria the number of unsaturations of the cycles; heterocycles can be saturated or unsaturated. Unsaturated heterocyclics can be aromatic or non-aromatic.

Nomenclature

Heterocycles from 3 to 10 members are named using the extended Hantzsch-Widman system; which was adopted by the IUPAC as a recommended system of nomenclature since 1957.

	Saturated heterocycles			Completely unsaturated heterocycles
Heteroatomus	Nitrogen	Oxygen	Sulphur	Nitrogen	Oxygen	Sulphur
Cycles of 3 components
Name IUPAC	Aziridina	Oxirano	Tiirano	Azirina	Oxyrene	Tiireno
Common name	ethylenemine	Ethylene oxide	ethylene sulfide	-	acetylene oxide	acetylene sulfide
Structure
Cycles of 4 components
Name IUPAC	Azetidina	Oxetano	Tietano	Azeto	Oxetonio	Tietonio
Structure
Cycles of 5 components
Name IUPAC	Azolidina	Oxolano	Tiolano	Azol	Oxol	Tiol
Common name	Pirrolidina	Tetrahydrofurano	Tetrahydrotiophene	Pirrol	Furano	Tiofeno
Structure
Cycles of 6 components
Name IUPAC	Azinano	Oxano	Tiano	Azina	Pirano	Tiopirano
Common name	Piperidina	Tetrahydropirane	Tetrahydrotiopirane	Piridina	Pirano	Tiopirano
Structure
Cycles of 7 components
Name IUPAC	Azepano	Oxepano	Tiepano	Azepina	Oxepine	Tiepine
Structure
Cycles of 8 components
Name IUPAC	Azocano	Oxocan	Tiocano	Azocina	Oxocinio	Tiocinio
Structure
Cycles of 9 components
Name IUPAC	Azonano	Oxonano	Tionano	Azonine	Oxonina	Tionine
Structure
Cycles of 10 components
Name IUPAC	Azecano	Oxecan	Tiecano	Azecina	Oxecinio	Tiecinio
Structure