Hendrik Anton Lorentz

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Albert Einstein visiting Lorentz in Leiden in 1921.

Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (July 18, 1853, Arnhem, Netherlands — February 4, 1928, Haarlem) was a Dutch physicist who was awarded the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Biography

After studying secondary education in his city, in 1870 he managed to pass the classical language exams, an essential requirement at that time to be able to access the university.

He studied at the University of Leiden, where he was later professor of theoretical physics from 1878 to 1883, and director of research at the Teyler Institute, Haarlem, from 1885 to 1888. In 1881, Lorentz married Aletta Catharina Kaiser.

Scientific research

Thanks to his position at the university in 1890 he appointed Pieter Zeeman personal assistant, leading him to investigate the effect of magnetic fields on light sources, discovering what is now known as the Zeeman effect.

Important contributions are owed to him in the fields of thermodynamics, radiation, magnetism, electricity and the refraction of light. He formulated together with George Francis FitzGerald a theory about the change of shape of a body as a result of its movement; This effect, known as the "Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction", whose mathematical representation is known by the name of the Lorentz transformation, was one of the many contributions made by Lorentz to the development of the theory of relativity.

He was the first to formulate the bases of the theory of relativity together with Henri Poincaré and Maxwell.

He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1902, along with his pupil Pieter Zeeman, "for their joint research on the influence of magnetism on radiation, giving rise to electromagnetic radiation."

He was also awarded the Rumford Medal in 1908 and the Copley Medal in 1918.

Some posts

  • Wikisource contains original works of or about Hendrik Antoon Lorentz.
  • Wikisource contains original works of or about Hendrik Lorentz.

Much of Lorentz's work is available at the Proceedings of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Amsterdam.

Lorentz's Books

  • Collected Papers, 9 v. Den Haag, Nijhoff 1934-1939
  • Selected Works, Nieuwerkerk/Ijssel: Palm Publ. several volumes (v. 5 de(1584)
  • Abhandlungen über theoretische Physik, v. 1, Leipzig: Teubner, 1907
  • Anne J. Kox (ed.) The Scientific Correspondence of H.A. Lorentz, v. 1, Springer Verlag 2008
  • Vorlesungen über theoretische Physik an der Universität Leiden, Leipzig: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft:
    • V. 1: Theorie der Strahlung, 1927 (Bearbeiter A. D. Fokker)
    • V. 2: Kinetische Problem 1928
    • V. 3: Äthertheorien und -modelle 1929
    • V. 4: Die Relativitätstheorie für gleichförmige Translationen (1910-1912), 1929 (Bearbeiter A. D. Fokker, Hermann Stücklen)
    • V. 5: Die Maxwellsche Theorie (1900-1902), 1931 (Bearbeiter Hendrik Bremekamp)
    • Englische Ausgabe: Lectures on theoretical physics, Macmillan, v. 1, 1927 (Theories and models Aether, Theoria Cinética) v. 1
  • Lehrbuch der Physik zum Gebrauche bei akademischen Vorlesungen, v. 1, 2, Leipzig, Barth 1906/07 (Übersetzer Georg Siebert nach der 4. Auflage), Band 1, Band 2
  • Lehrbuch der Differential- und Integralrechnung nebst einer Einführung in andere Teile der Mathematik, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Bedürfnisse der Studierenden der Naturwissenschaften, Teubner, Leipzig 1915 (später von Georg Joos, Theodor Höhere Mathematik für den Praktiker, Leipzig, Barth), Archive
  • Over de theorie der terugkaatsing en breking van het licht: academisch proefschrift, Arnheim 1875 (Dissertation von Lorentz in Leiden), Archive
  • Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon (1895). Versuch einer Theorie der electrischen und optischen Erscheinungen in bewegten Körpern. Leiden: E.J. Brill., Nachdruck Teubner 1906, Archive
  • Sichtbare und unsichtbare Bewegungen: Vorträge auf Einladung des Vorstandes des Departements Leiden der Maatschappij tot nut van't Algemeen im Februar und März 1901 gehaltenVieweg 1902
  • Ergebnisse und Probleme der Elektronentheorie: Vortrag, gehalten am 20. Dezember 1904 im Elektrotechnischen Verein zu BerlinSpringer Verlag 1906
  • Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon (1914). Das Relativitätsprinzip. Drei Vorlesungen gehalten in Teylers Stiftung zu Haarlem (1913). Leipzig/Berlin: B.G. Teubner. (Bearbeiter Willem Hendrik Keesom)
  • The theory of electrons and its applications to the phenomena of light and radiant heat. Leipzig & Berlin: B.G. Teubner. 1916.
  • Otto Blumenthal, Arnold Sommerfeld (Herausgeber): Einstein, Minkowski, Lorentz Das RelativitätsprinzipTeubner, 5a ed. 1923 und Neuauflagen, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt, 9.a ed. 1990, darin von Lorentz:
    • Der Interferenzversuch Michelsons, aus: Versuch einer Theorie der electrischen und optischen Erscheinungen in bewegten Körpern, Leiden: Brill 1895, Paragraph 89-92
    • Elektromagnetische Erscheinungen in einem System, das sich mit beliebiger, die des Lichtes nicht erreichender Geschwindigkeit bewegt, Deutsche Übersetzung von: Electromagnetic phenomena in a system moving with any velocity smaller than that of light, Proc. Sci. Amsterdam, Band 6, 1904, S. 809
    • Das Relativitätsprinzip und seine Anwendung auf einige besondere physikalische Erscheinungen, aus: Alte und Neue Fragen aus der Physik, Vorträge gehalten in Göttingen 24. - 29. Oktober 1910 (ausgearbeitet von Max Born), Physikalische Zeitschrift, v. 11, 1910
  • Problems of modern physics; a course of lectures delivered in the California Institute of Technology, Boston, Gin and Company 1927 (Herausgeber Harry Bateman)
  • The Einstein Theory of Relativity. A concise statement, New York: Brentano ́s 1920, Archive
  • Schrödinger, Planck, Einstein, Lorentz: Briefe zur Wellenmechanik, Springer, Wien 1963 (Hrsg. Karl Przibram)
Some articles and contributions of books
  • «The Théorie electromagnétique de Maxwell et son application aux corps mouvants». Archives néerlandaises des sciences exactes et naturelles 25: 363-552. 1892.
  • Simplified Theory of Electrical and Optical Phenomena in Moving Systems, Proceedings of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1899; 1: S. 427–442
  • Considerations on Gravitation, Proceedings of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 25 April 1900; 2: 559–574
  • Electromagnetic phenomena in a system moving with any velocity smaller than that of light, Proc. of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1904; 6: 809–831
  • «Die relative Bewegung der Erde und des Äthers». Abhandlungen über Theoretische Physik. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner. 1892/1907. pp. 443-447.
  • «Über die scheinbare Masse der Ionen». Physikalische Zeitschrift 2 (5): 78-80. 1900.
  • «Weiterbildung der Maxwellschen Theorie. Elektronentheorie». Encyclopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften 5 (2): 145-288. 1904.
  • «Deux Mémoires de Henri Poincaré sur la Physique Mathematique». Acta Mathematica 38: 293-308. 1915/1921. doi:10.1007/BF02392073.
    • Nachdruck in Poincaré, Oeuvres take XI, S. 247–261.
  • «Conference on the Michelson-Morley Experiment». The Astrophysical Journal 68: 345-351. 1928.

Acknowledgments

  • In your honor Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (Real Academy of Arts and Sciences of the Netherlands) created, in 1925, the Lorentz Medal; this award rewards the theoretical research of physicists.
  • In 1925 he was awarded the Echegaray Medal of the Royal Academy of Exact Sciences.
  • Also in his honor was baptized the Lorentz crater of the Moon.
  • Likewise, the asteroid (29208) Halorentz commemorates its name.

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