Gujarat

Guyarat (Gujarati: ગુજરાત, Gujarāt ['gudʒəɾɑt̪]^ⓘ) is a state of the Republic of India. Its capital is Gandhinagar, a planned city near Ahmedabad, the former capital and commercial center of the state. Located in the southwest of the Hindustani peninsula, it borders to the northwest with Pakistan, to the north with Rajasthan, to the east with Madhya Pradesh, to the southeast with Maharastra and to the west with the Arabian Sea (Indian Ocean).

Became a state on May 1, 1960, it is considered one of the areas with the greatest economic growth in the country. After Maharastra, it is the most industrialized state in India.

Two of the main leaders of Indian independence were born in this state: Mahatma Gandhi and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

History

Some vestiges of ancient settlements of the Indus Valley civilization have been found in Gujarat. During the Mauryan Empire and the Gupta Empire, the state's coastline served as trading and defense ports. After the fall of the Gupta Empire in the VI century, Gujarat became an independent Hindu kingdom.

In 1297, Alaudín, Sultan of Delhi, incorporated Gujarat into the sultanate. At the end of the 14th century, Gujarat again became an independent kingdom with its capital at Ahmedabad. In 1576 the Mughal emperor Akbar conquered the region and incorporated it into his empire. It remained part of the Mughal empire until the 18th century, when its government was divided into various local chiefs.

Portugal was the first European power to reach Gujarat, acquiring various enclaves along the coast; enclaves that included Daman and Diu as well as Dadra and Nagar Haveli. The British East India Company established a factory in Surat in 1614 which became its first base in India. It was overshadowed by Bombay after the British acquired it in 1668.

Between 1818 and 1947, Gujarat was divided into numerous princely states, governed by local chiefs under British control. On May 1, 1960, Gujarat became a state of India. The capital was established in Ahmedabad but in 1970 it was moved to the city of Gandhinagar.

On January 26, 2001, a devastating earthquake devastated the Gujarat area. The result was more than 20,000 dead, another 200,000 injured and more than 40 million affected. The economic losses were also very large.

Geography

Guyarat is the westernmost state of India. To the west it is limited by the Arabian Sea, by Pakistan to the northwest, Rajasthan to the north and northeast, Madhya Pradesh to the east and Maharashtra to the south and southeast. In most of the state the terrain is low. In addition, here is the Gir Forest natural park, one of the most important in the country and a reserve for the Asiatic lion, the national symbol of India.

The climate is mainly dry, becoming almost desert-like in the northwest. Gujarat has approximately 1,600 km of coastline, which is one-third of the entire Indian coastline.

The main cities of the state are Ahmedabad, Vadodara (Baroda), Surat and Rajkot. Ahmedabad is the largest city in the state and the sixth in the country. Other important cities of southern Gujarat are Nadiad, Jamnagar, Ankleshwar, Bharuch, Navsari, Vapi and Valsad; in the north they are Bhuj and Dwarka.

Territorial organization

Districts of Gujarat

This section is an excerpt from Annex:Distrites of Guyarat State § Guyarat Districts.[chuckles]edit]

Guyarat Districts (2011)

°
Ranking				Headquarters	Population		Area	Density		Taluka/tehsil
Pob.	Area	District	Code	(capital)	(2001)	(2011)	(km2)	(hab/km2)	Training	Name	Total	Official website	Map
GJ-01	GJ-07	Ahmedabad District	GJ-AH	Ahmedabad	5 673 090	7 045 313	7170	983	1960	Ahmedabad, Bavla, Daskroi, Detroj-Rampura, Dhandhuka, Dholera, Dholka, Mandal, Sanand, Viramgam	10	[1]
GJ-17	GJ-08	Amreli District	GJ-AM	Amreli	1 393 880	1 513 614	6760	224	1960	Amreli, Babra, Bagasara, Dhari, Jafrabad, Khambha, Kunkavav vadia, Lathi, Lilia, Rajula, Savarkundla	11	[2]
GJ-09	GJ-14	Anand District	GJ-AN	Anand	1 856 712	2 090 276	4690	446	1997	Anand, Anklav, Borsad, Khambhat, Petlad, Sojitra, Tarapur, Umreth	8	[3]
GJ-25	GJ-25	Aravalli District	GJ-AR	Modasa	908 797	1 039 918	3217	323	2013	Bayad, Bhiloda, Dhansura, Malpur, Meghraj and Modasa	6
GJ-03	GJ-02	Banaskantha District	GJ-BK	Palanpur	2 502 843	3 116 045	12 703	245	1960	Amirgadh, Bhabhar, Danta, Dantiwada, Deesa, Deodar, Dhanera, Kankrej, Lakhani, Palanpur, Suigam, Tharad, Vadgam and Vav	14	[4]
GJ-15	GJ-09	Bharuch District	GJ-BR	Bharuch	1 370 104	1 550 822	6524	238	1960	Bharuch, Amod, Ankleshwar, Hansot, Jambusar, Jhagadia, Netrang, Vagra and Valia	9	[5]
GJ-06	GJ-05	Bhavnagar District	GJ-BV	Bhavnagar	2 065 492	2 393 272	8334	287	1960	Bhavnagar, Gariadhar, Ghogha, Jesar, Mahuva, Palitana, Sihor, Talaja, Umrala, Vallabhipur	10	[6]
GJ-30	GJ-28	District of Botad	GJ-	Botad	547 567	656 005	2564	256	2013	Botad, Barwala, Gadhada, Ranpur	4
GJ-24	GJ-24	District of Chhota Udaipur	GJ-	Chhota Udaipur	909 799	1 071 831	3237	331	2013	Chhota Udepur, Bodeli, Jetpur pavi, Kavant, Nasvadi, Sankheda	6
GJ-07	GJ-21	Dahod District	GJ-DA	Dahod	1 635 374	2 126 558	3643	583	1997	Dahod, Devgadh baria, Dhanpur, Fatepura, Garbada, Limkheda, Sanjeli, Jhalod, Singvad	9	[7]
GJ-33	GJ-33	Dangs District	GJ-DG	Ahwa	186 712	226 769	1764	129	1960	Ahwa, get up, Waghai	3	[8]
GJ-29	GJ-11	Devbhoomi Dwarka District	GJ-	Khambhalia	623 091	752 484	5684	132	2013	Bhanvad, Kalyanpur, Khambhalia, Okhamandal	4
GJ-20	GJ-32	Gandhinagar District	GJ-GA	Gandhinagar	1 334 731	1 387 478	2163	641	1964	Gandhinagar, Dehgam, Kalol, Mansa	4	[9]
GJ-23	GJ-19	Gir Somnath District	GJ-SM	Veraval	1 059 675	1 217 477	3754	324	2013	Gir-Gadhada, Kodinar, Sutrapada, Talala, Una, Patan-Veraval	6
GJ-18	GJ-04	Jamnagar District	GJ-JA	Jamnagar	1 281 187	1 407 635	8441	167.	1960	Jamnagar, Dhrol, Jamjodhpur, Jodiya, Kalavad, Lalpur	6	[10]
GJ-16	GJ-12	Junagadh District	GJ-JU	Junagadh	1 388 498	1 525 605	5092	300	1960	Junagadh City, Bhesana, Junagadh Rural, Keshod, Malia, Manavadar, Mangrol, Mendarda, Vanthali, Visavadar	10	[11]
GJ-08	GJ-01	Kutch District	GJ-	Bhuj	1 526 321	2 090 313	45 652	46	1960	Abdasa, Anjar, Bhachau, Bhuj, Gandhidham, Lakhpat, Mandvi, Mundra, Nakhatrana, Rapar	10	[12]
GJ-10	GJ-20	Kheda District	GJ-KH	Nadiad	1 806 929	2 053 769	3667	560	1960	Kheda, Galteshwar, Kapadvanj, Kathlal, Mahudha, Matar, Mehmedabad, Nadiad, Thasra, Vaso	10	[13]
GJ-26	GJ-29	Mahisagar District	GJ-	Moon	861 562	994 624	2500	398	2013	Balasinor, Kadana, Khanpur, Lunawada, Santrampur, Virpur	6
GJ-11	GJ-16	Mahesana District	GJ-MA	Mahesana	1 837 696	2 027 727	4386	419	1960	Mehsana, Becharaji, Jotana, Kadi, Kheralu, Satlasana, Unjha, Vadnagar, Vijapur, Visnagar, Gojariya	11	[14]
GJ-27	GJ-13	Morbi District	GJ-	Morbi	825 301	960 329	4871	197	2013	Halvad, Maliya, Morbi, Tankara, Wankaner	5
GJ-31	GJ-27	Narmada District	GJ-NR	Rajpipla	514 083	590 379	2749	215	1997	Dediapada, Garudeshwar, Nandod, Sagbara, Tilakwada	5	[15]
GJ-22	GJ-31	Navsari District	GJ-NV	Navsari	1 229 250	1 330 711	2211	602	1997	Navsari, Vansda, Chikhli, Gandevi, Jalpore, Khergam	6	[16]
GJ-13	GJ-22	Panchmahal District	GJ-PM	Godhra	1 381 002	1 642 268	3272	502	1960	Ghoghamba, Godhra, Halol, Jambughoda, Kalol, Morwa Hadaf, Shehera	7	[17]
GJ-21	GJ-10	Patan District	GJ-PA	Patan	1 181 941	1 342 746	5738	234	2000	Patan, Chanasma, Harij, Radhanpur, Sami, Sankheswar, Santalpur, Sarasvati, Sidhpur	9	[18]
GJ-32	GJ-30	Porbandar District	GJ-PO	Porbandar	536 854	586 062	2294	255	1997	Porbandar, Kutiyana, Ranavav	3	[19]
GJ-05	GJ-06	Rajkot District	GJ-RA	Rajkot	2 488 885	3 015 229	7550	399	1960	Rajkot, Dhoraji, Gondal, Jamkandorna, Jasdan, Jetpur, Kotada Sangani, Lodhika, Paddhari, Upleta, Vinchchiya	11	[20]
GJ-19	GJ-18	Sabarkantha District	GJ-SK	Himmatnagar	1 173 734	1 388 671	4173	333	1960	Himatnagar, Idar, Khedbrahma, Poshina, Prantij, Talod, Vadali, Vijaynagar	8	[21]
GJ-02	GJ-15	Surat District	GJ-ST	Surat	4 996 391	6 079 231	4418	1337	1960	Surat, Bardoli, Choryasi, Kamrej, Mahuva, Mandvi, Mangrol Olpad, Palsana, Umarpada	10	[22]
GJ-14	GJ-03	Surendranagar District	GJ-SR	Surendranagar	1 370 843	1 585 268	9271	171	1960	Chotila, Chuda, Dasada, Dhrangadhra, Lakhtar, Limbdi, Muli, Sayla, Thangadh, Wadhwan	10	[23]
GJ-28	GJ-23	Tapi District	GJ-	Vyara	719 634	806 489	3249	248	2007	Nizar, Songadh, Uchhal, Valod, Vyara, Kukarmunda, Dolvan,	7
GJ-04	GJ-17	Vadodara District	GJ-VD	Vadodara	2 732 003	3 093 795	4312	718	1960	Vadodara, Dabhoi, Desar, Karjan, Padra, Savli, Sinor, Vaghodia	8	[24]
GJ-12	GJ-26	District of Valsad	GJ-VA	Valsad	1 410 680	1 703 068	3034	561	1966	Valsad, Dharampur, Kaprada, Pardi, Umbergaon, Vapi	6	[25]
		Total (stated)									250

Changes in territorial organization