Guanajuato (Guanajuato)

Guanajuato is a Mexican city, capital of the state of the same name and head of the municipality of Guanajuato. It is in north central Mexico. According to figures for the year 2020, its population amounts to 72,237 inhabitants, if it is considered only the municipal capital and state capital, without counting the towns of the municipality conurbated with the capital, or even the municipality as a whole. It is part of the Bajío macro region.

The history of the city dates back to pre-Columbian times. In its early years it was called Mo-o-ti by the Chichimecas, which means "place of metals". Later the Mexicas gave it the name Paxtitlan, which in Spanish means "place of hay". Its current name derives from kuanasï= frog uata= hill being correctly written in Purépecha as Kuanasïuatu, which means "mountainous place of frogs".

During the Spanish colonial era, it achieved great development due to the exploitation of its gold and silver deposits. At the beginning of the 19th century, it was the scene of one of the most outstanding insurgent victories, the capture of the Alhóndiga de Granaditas by the army of Miguel Hidalgo and the subsequent massacre of the viceregal guard and the Spanish civilians who took refuge there.

The city of Guanajuato is also a university city with an intense cultural life whose culmination is the International Cervantino Festival, the most important artistic meeting in Mexico and Latin America, it was declared a World Heritage Site in 1988 as a cultural asset under the name "Historical City of Guanajuato and adjacent mines" World Heritage.

History

16th to 18th century

In the mid-16th century century, the Spanish discovered rich deposits of silver in the hills of Guanajuato in central Mexico. In the year 1541, the viceroy Don Antonio de Mendoza granted these lands to Don Rodrigo Vázquez, as a reward for the services rendered during the conquest. The establishment of this city, which became one of the most important in New Spain, was due to the discovery of silver ore in what were later the mines of San Bernabé and Rayas from 1548. In 1570 it was legally founded the town of Santa Fe de Guanajuato.

By the 18th century, Guanajuato had become the most important silver mining center in the world and the Impressive baroque buildings such as the Collegiate Basilica of Our Lady of Guanajuato, the Temple of San Roque and the Alhóndiga de Granaditas reflected its wealth. The churches of La Compañía (1745-1765) and La Valenciana (1765-1788) are considered masterpieces of the Mexican Churrigueresque style. It was in this period that the Jesuits settled in the city with the intention of creating a college that would be the base of what is now the University of Guanajuato.

19th century

General view of Guanajuato in a lithography of the mid-centuryXIX

During the Mexican war of independence, the city served as the scene of the takeover of the Alhóndiga de Granaditas. On September 28, 1810, Don Miguel Hidalgo sent from the Hacienda de Burras to the mayor of Guanajuato, D. Juan Antonio de Riaño y Bárcena, the letter of intimidation so that he surrendered the plaza. When being ignored, Hidalgo decides to conquer it by force, getting rid of the first battle of the insurgency, where El Pípila stands out, a miner who with a stone behind his back sets fire to the main door of said grain store.

UNESCO World Heritage Site

The city and its adjoining mines were declared a World Heritage Site under the designation of "Historical City of Guanajuato and Adjacent Mines" in 1988 by UNESCO, the UN agency in charge of culture and education, because its architecture represents the colonial past and the mineral wealth of the region, which made it one of the most important cities in the New Spain during the colonial era. In addition to this, it played a fundamental role in the history of the country's independence.

Coat of arms of the city

The Coat of Arms of Guanajuato was created and granted by King Philip V of Spain on December 8, 1741, who in turn gave the city the title of "Very Noble and Very Loyal City of Santa Fe and Real de Minas de Guanajuato".

The composition of the shield is as follows: it shows a woman, blindfolded, holding a chalice and a host in her right hand and a Latin cross and a laurel branch in her left hand, representing as a whole the Catholic Faith and its triumph in the city of Granada (Spain) over the Muslims in the year 1492 at the hands of Fernando and Isabel, the Catholic Monarchs. For this reason, it is said that the effigy represents the "Santa Fe de Granada". The shield has a shell at its base held by two laurel branches that are joined by a blue ribbon. The shell symbolizes the stability of the home, expanding its borders.^{[citation needed]} The background with a field of gold means nobility, magnanimity and purity of feelings and at the same time, the wealth of precious metals found in the entity.^{[citation required]} The auction is a symbol of greatness and grace of the city before the King of Spain. The laurels are the symbol of victory and the acanthus of fidelity.^{[citation needed]} Everything rests on a marble shelf.

Typical dress

The Guanajuato “galereña” was: A-line blanket skirt; over this she placed another skirt made of red flannel, without embroidery but adorned with green triangles at the waist and along the hem; This skirt was called zagalejo. This dress was for daily, homely use, but when the woman went out into the street, she would place a kind of white poplin bottom adorned with ruffles, bodice and ribbon over these two skirts, since in turn she would reveal it with a new organdy skirt. flowery and ornate back. This skirt had a small tail made of the same fabric at the back, reminiscent of the well-known flamenco dresses worn by Spanish women. The "Galereña" was called like that, because of the woman who worked in the galleys, in a very special task that was carried out on the outskirts of the mines: breaking the stone or ore, loading the silver metal, to reduce it to small easy pieces. to process later.

Places

Despite initially only the communities of Guanajuato and Marfil were considered as part of the city, the lack of spaces and the growth of neighboring towns, caused a conurbation with them and now the city is made up of the towns of Guanajuato, Marfil, Santa Teresa, Yerbabuena, Puentecillas, San José de Cervera, Paso de Perules among others.

Government and politics

Guanajuato is one of the 46 Free Municipalities belonging to the State of the same name, whose Political Constitution establishes that:

"ARTICLE 106. The Free Municipality, the basis of the territorial division of the State and its political and administrative organization, is a public institution, constituted by a community of persons, established in a territory delimited, with legal personality and own heritage, autonomous in its Interior Government and free in the administration of its Treasury."

"ARTICLE 107. The municipalities will be governed by a City Council. The competence of the City Councils shall be exercised exclusively and there shall be no intermediate authority between the City Councils and the Government of the State."

Climate

There are two types of climates, semi-warm in the south and southeast, and temperate sub-humid in the remaining areas of the municipality. It reaches a maximum temperature of 36 °C in summer and a minimum of 3 °C in winter, giving an average annual temperature of 18.5 °C, in turn the rainfall varies from 670 to 930 millimeters per year, with an annual average of 828 millimeters. In the months of July and August, a higher incidence of rain is observed, reaching a value of 200 millimeters each. The rainiest month is July and the driest is March.

Average climate parameters of Guanajuato (1951-2010)
Month	Ene.	Feb.	Mar.	Open up.	May.	Jun.	Jul.	Ago.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Annual
Temp. max. abs. (°C)	28.9	33.6	34.7	37.0	38.9	37.2	34.1	34.5	33.5	34.0	29.8	29.7	38.9
Average temperature (°C)	22.3	24.1	27.1	29.4	30.6	28.7	26.9	26.8	26.1	25.5	24.2	22.6	26.2
Average temperature (°C)	14.6	16.0	18.4	20.8	22.3	21.7	20.5	20.4	19.9	18.6	16.6	15.0	18.7
Temp. medium (°C)	6.9	7.9	9.7	12.2	14.0	14.7	14.1	14.1	13.8	11.7	9.0	7.5	11.3
Temp. min. abs. (°C)	-1.5	-2.0	0.3	5.5	8.0	9.0	10.4	9.0	4.8	2.2	-4.0	-4.0	-4.0
Total precipitation (mm)	16.4	11.9	8.8	8.1	42.4	136.9	179.8	149.4	122.8	35.6	10.4	10.3	732.8
Precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	2.8	2.1	1.8	2.7	7.1	12.3	15.7	13.7	10.6	5.0	2.2	2.1	78.1
Hours of sun	235.6	226.0	266.6	261.0	260.4	210.0	201.5	220.1	198.0	244.9	252.0	217.0	2793.1
Source No. 1: National Meteorological Service
Source No. 2: Hong Kong Observatory (sol, 1961-1990)

Places of interest

Plaza de la Paz y Basílica Colegiata de Nuestra Señora de Guanajuato

House of Count Rul

Alhóndiga de Granaditas

University of Guanajuato

Temple of the Society of Jesus

Teatro Juárez

San Diego Temple next to the Teatro Juárez

Plaza del Baratillo

Hidalgo Market

Peace Square

The Plaza de la Paz is known as the Plaza Mayor. Since colonial times, the wealthiest families built their houses in this area, as well as several administrative buildings and the Basilica. In the center of the square is a sculpture of a woman representing peace. The installation of the sculpture during the Porfiriato era motivated the change of name of the square to the current name. In addition, there are several large houses and commercial premises that in their time were the mansions of families belonging to the nobility, among which are the Count of Rul, the Counts of Gálvez and the Counts of the Chico. The mansion of the Count of Rul was built at the end of the XVIII century by the architect Francisco Eduardo Tresguerras, which is notable for its interior patio that has architectural elements of ancient Greece. This mansion, in which Alexander von Humboldt also stayed in 1803, was later known as the Palacio de Otero. Coat of arms granted in Guanajuato.

Basilica Collegiate Church of Our Lady of Guanajuato

The Collegiate Basilica of Our Lady of Guanajuato is the main church of the city and was built between 1671 and 1696. It is a church in the Mexican Baroque style, but it has popular elements from donations made by miners that demonstrate the influence of the wealth of the mining nobility of the city. The Marquis of San Clemente and Pedro Lascurain de Retana were the first to promote its construction, later the Count of Valenciana left his influence with the donation of one of the clocks in the towers and the acquisition of the relics of the saint and martyr Faustina. delivered by the pope, found on the main altar. The altar is dedicated to Our Lady of Guanajuato, patron saint of the city, whose sculpture is displayed in the center. The sculpture was donated to the city in 1557 by Carlos I of Spain and his son Felipe II. In the year 1696 the church received the degree of minor Basilica while the degree of complete Basilica was granted in 1957.

Legislative Palace

The Legislative Palace or State Government building was the place where the Customs or Town Halls were located during the colonial era. The current building was built during the Porfiriato by Cecilio Luis Long and inaugurated in 1903, following a popular European style, the façade showing a neoclassical portal with stonework in the typical color of the Guanajuato area. Inside is the Sessions room, decorated with paintings and furniture from the late XIX century, which is the seat of the legislative power of the state.

Alhóndiga de Granaditas

The Alhóndiga de Granaditas is a large building covering an entire block, originally built as a grain warehouse with a storage capacity of up to one year to protect the city against famines such as the one that occurred in 1783. The building consists of two floors with walls with practically no windows to the outside and with a very large patio inside. Its construction began in 1798 under the baton of the architect Duran y Villaseñor and finished by José del Mazo. The Alhóndiga fulfilled its function for a very short time because 10 months after its conclusion, the first battles of the independence war began. When the city was attacked by the insurgents under the command of Miguel Hidalgo and Ignacio Allende, the royalist troops commanded by Juan Antonio Riaño along with the city's elite took refuge in the building, bringing with them millions of pesos in silver and valuables.. The building was taken over by the insurgents after the feat of the miner from San Miguel de Allende named Juan José de los Reyes Martínez, known as El Pípila, who armed with a torch and carried a stone slab on his back to protect himself from the bullets, he managed to reach the main gate and set it on fire, allowing the insurgent troops to enter and defeat the entrenched royalists. The building was later used as barracks and a tobacco store. From 1864 it was used as a state penitentiary until in 1949 it was converted into the Regional Museum of Guanajuato, documenting the history of the region and its role in national history from pre-Hispanic times to the present day.

University of Guanajuato

The building of the University of Guanajuato has its beginnings as a Jesuit school for boys in the first half of the XVIII century, which was financed by Josefa Teresa de Busto y Moya, sister of the Marquis of San Clemente. After obtaining permission from the Spanish crown, he installed the institution in her house, using a fifth of his fortune for it and obtaining donations from the wealthiest families in the city, although the Jesuits have always been given the recognition of the foundation. Over time the school grew and higher level studies began to be offered, becoming the Real Colegio de la Purísima Concepción in 1767, the State College in 1828, the Guanajuato National College in 1867, until in 1945 it was awarded the current name. The main building of the University was built with green stone in neoclassical style, houses the administrative offices and is easily recognizable by the large staircase with 113 steps. Inside there is also a chapel from the XVI century, known as the Temple of the Hospitals, which was built by Vasco de Quiroga for the indigenous miners, being dedicated to the Virgen del Rosario and who is now called our Lady of Guanajuato.

Museum of Natural History

On the ground floor of the University building is the Alfredo Dugès Natural History Museum, which contains a collection of fossils, plants and animals from the region made by the Franco-Mexican naturist. What is notable about the collection is the age and state of conservation of the specimens, which were collected and prepared between 1852 and 1910, being donated to the University after the death of the scientist.

On one side of the University building is the Temple of the Society of Jesus or Oratorio de San Felipe, whose construction was begun in 1746 by José Joaquín Sardaneta y Legazpi in Baroque style and completed in 1767, the year in which the Jesuits were expelled from New Spain. For this reason, the temple remained abandoned until in 1804, after it was authorized to return to the order, Baroque elements were replaced by neoclassical ones as part of the renovation. The façade features slender columns in the Churriguresque style, while the colossal three-level dome, added in the 19th century by the architect Vicente Heredia, is the most distinctive element that makes it stand out from the other buildings. Inside there is a collection of 180 paintings, many of which together with the main altar are the work of Miguel Cabrera].

Union Garden

One of the most important squares in the city is the Jardín de la Unión, adorned with Indian laurels, fountains, a blacksmith shop and a kiosk dating from 1883. It is located in front of the San Diego church and the Juárez theater, surrounded by cafes and restaurants, occupying a triangular shape that was originally the atrium of the aforementioned church, being the meeting center of the city and where the alleyways begin.

Juarez Theater

The Juárez Theater is considered one of the most beautiful theaters in the country. It is built in neoclassical style with a portal countered with nine sculptures representing the muses of Greek mythology. Its interior is ostentatiously decorated, the lobby has columns and garlands. It was built between 1872 and 1903 by the architect Antonio Rivas Mercado, author of the Angel of Independence in Mexico City, and inaugurated with the opera Aida by Giuseppe Verdi in the presence of President Porfirio Díaz. It is the only theater in Mexico that has kept its original furniture.

Main Theater

The Principal Theater was built in neoclassical style during the city's heyday, when the wealth provided by the mines also attracted entertainment for the citizens. It was the first theater in the city and one of the few places where people from different social strata could enter. During its history, the theater had to close on several occasions due to riots and political problems. After the revolution it was converted into a movie theater, shortly after it suffered a fire that led to its abandonment for 30 years. After its reconstruction, it was handed over to the University of Guanajuato for its administration and is currently one of the main venues of the International Cervantino Festival.

San Diego Temple

The Temple of San Diego has a Churriguresque façade, its interior is adorned with paintings from the XVIII century, neoclassical altars and a crucifix called Cristo de Burgos, which was donated to the church by the Count of Valenciana. In that place was a monastery and the original temple, which were destroyed in a flood. The current temple was built by order of the Count of Valenciana between 1780 and 1784, giving up the monastery as lost. Today part of the old building was rescued and is home to the San Diego Museum.

Plazuela del Baratillo

La Plazuela del Baratillo is the oldest square still existing in Guanajuato surrounded by old houses. The name of the square comes from an old market that took place on Sundays, the products sold there were particularly cheap, and it later became permanent until 1893. In the center of the square is a bronze fountain that was brought from Florence, Italy., originally installed in the Plaza Mayor, inaugurated on June 2, 1852 and which provided the residents of the area with drinking water from the Olla Dam. The Fountain was a gift from Maximilian of Habsburg, finding a twin fountain in the city of Irapuato. Later it was moved to the Plaza de San Diego to be finally installed on October 4, 1893 in its current place.

Hidalgo Market

The Hidalgo Market was built in 1910 by the architect Ernesto Brunel on the land where the old Gavira bullring was located. It was inaugurated by President Porfirio Díaz to commemorate the centenary of Independence. The roof consists of a gigantic iron vault typical of the Victorian era with a dome adorned with a four-sided clock tower. It has two levels: on the ground floor are the typical premises of a Mexican market, while around the patio on a second level are the craft stalls.

Monument to Pípila

El Mirador del Pípila is a square located on the hill of San Miguel built in 1939 where there is a colossal sculpture in pink quarry in honor of the independence hero Juan José de los Reyes Martínez. From this viewpoint you can appreciate the best panoramic view of the city, being accessed by the panoramic highway or by means of a funicular that starts at the back of the Juárez Theater.

Other sites of interest

Other important churches in the city are the Temple of Guadalupe from the XVIII century in the Baroque style, the Iglesia de Pardo del 18th century which has a façade highlighted with sculptures of plants. The church of San Francisco de Sopeña with the square of the same name and which has a baroque façade of pink and green quarry, stairs with iron fittings and a fountain. The Temple of Bethlehem, built in the XVII century by the Count of Valenciana. The Church of Mellado, originally with baroque altars that were replaced by neoclassical altars, and which was part of the Monastery of La Merced, the latter currently in ruins, and is dedicated to Our Lady of Mercy.

Other notable places are the Reforma Garden, an area that was part of the Belén Convent until it was converted into a market in 1861. With the opening of the Hidalgo market, the merchants moved, so that in 1923, it was transformed into a garden with a central fountain and Indian laurels, eucalyptus and cypresses, trees that still exist in that place. Of the old market, only the main arches with its staircase and columns remain.

19th century gallery

• 

  28th Street and the back of the Alhondiga de Granaditas

• 

  Callejón Suspecña with the Church of San Francisco at the bottom

• 

  Cathedral ca. 1880

• 

  View of the city of Guanajuato, ca. 1880

• 

  Burn of Judas in Guanajuato, ca. 1880

• 

  Calle Ponciano Aguilar in Guanajuato, at the bottom the tower of the Temple of the Society of Jesus, ca. 1880

Communications

Ancient Paths

Hacienda de San Gabriel de Barrera on the old road Guanajuato-Marfil

Due to its history as a mining center and being the state capital, the city of Guanajuato has been a settlement whose means of communication have been essential since colonial times. The first means of communication in the city was a branch of El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro through which silver and gold were transported by mule trains to the ports. This road for cavalry and carts reached the city from Salamanca and Irapuato, passing through the Estancia de Jiripetío (today Aldama), Hacienda de Burras, Hacienda de Cuevas and the Real de Marfil de Marfil, entering through the Hormiguero sentry box in the Cerro de San Miguel, to the well-known slope or descent of Tecolote, an alley that still exists that begins near the Pípila viewpoint.

During the Porfirian era, the train track was built connecting first Marfil and then the city in 1882, ending at the station in the Tepetapa neighborhood. At the beginning of this century the track was dismantled with the privatization of the railways and currently it only reaches the Siemens plant a couple of kilometers before Santa Teresa.

The city was connected by highway to the Pan-American highway in its passage through Silao, Gto through Federal Highway 110, which entered the capital through Marfil, passing through Pueblito de Rocha, the Pantheon, and Tepetapa, reaching the center next to the old station.

Modern Period

Glorieta Santa Fe

Currently the city of Guanajuato is conveniently communicated with the main cities of Bajio. The capital of the State of Guanajuato, is 63 km from the City of León, Guanajuato, it can be reached by highway passing through Silao, Gto and following Federal Highway 110D, which enters the city through the Santa Fe roundabout, or the "free" following Federal Highway 110. From the city of Irapuato, Gto, it is 57 km away, and it is reached by following Federal Highway 45 either through Silao, Gto or taking the branch 7 km before it ends at Federal Highway 110 from Silao to the height of Santa Teresa. From Dolores Hidalgo it is accessed by Federal Highway 110 passing through the Sierra de Guanajuato and the town of Santa Rosa, a road with exceptional panoramic views of the mountains in the center of the country. From San Miguel de Allende it is reached by state highway 57 after 95 km of hills and mountains of oak and oak that are worth traveling.

By air, the Bajío International Airport (BJX) is only 25 km from the city, which connects with daily flights to the cities of Mexico, Monterrey, Tijuana and Cancun, as well as Los Angeles, Oakland, Houston, Dallas and Atlanta, in the United States.

Tunnels of Guanajuato

It is one of the great tourist attractions, the old colonial-style tunnels, connected to each other in most cases.

Some tunnels that are streets or avenues forming part of the arteries of the city. In fact, the city is known as the underground city.

In the past, Guanajuato suffered from constant flooding due to the overflow of the Guanajuato River that flows below the

to the city in the rainy season. The solution was to raise the level of the walls of the buildings and the construction of the subsequent tunnels between the XVIII century and the XVIII. Subsequently, a vault of the underground river would be made below the tunnels and once the tunnels were paved, they began to be used for road and pedestrian traffic with the aim of decongesting traffic.

Today there are more than 9 km of underground tunnels and this is expected to increase in the future, for a total of 23 tunnels.

Each passageway has its own history and even a name of its own. Among the best known are the tunnels El Pípila, El Minero, La Galereña, as well as El Padre Belauzarán street. However, it all began in 1823 with El Cuajín, which was the city's first drainage channel, since it ran from the San Agustín Hacienda (now the Mercado Embajadoras) to the Pozuelos Dam. The El Cuajín tunnel is the most The oldest in the entire state, it is 1,162 meters long and 7 meters wide, it was the first to be built and its main function was to drain the furious waters coming from Mount San Nicolás. Given the increase in population and vehicular traffic, he decided to tube the river and pave the tunnel so that the inhabitants would have a new option to get around.

The underground street of Miguel Hidalgo was the most recognized, built back in 1883 as a drainage tunnel for the Guanajuato River and later opened as a road and pedestrian tunnel in September 1969, a unique street in the world with a length of 4 km and 200 meters long.

It was not until 1979 that the construction of the secondary tunnels that would serve to alleviate vehicular traffic in the city began and that little by little they were added to the central structure with which today they total a little more than 9 kilometers.The tunnels of the capital are not only communication routes, they are engineering works carried out by mining experts from the city, their work requires a level of precision that does not damage existing structures, the time used for their construction varies depending on the quantity of resources and personnel used, a curious fact is that on purpose the natural finish of the exposed stone is left, to give them that colonial touch that characterizes them.

Many tunnels connect to each other like a maze.

The most recent tunnel is El Ponciano Aguilar built in 1996, the construction technique is far from that used in the first excavations, however it retains its essence of being underground.

In addition to the tunnels, you can travel through the underground streets such as El Padre Belauzaran and Miguel Hidalgo that cross the city along the route of the old Guanajuato river.

Education

Primary School Juan B. Diosdado

Official Preparatory

University of Guanajuato

Guanajuato Normal School

National Pedagogical University

Since Guanajuato has historically been one of the most important cities in the country, educational institutions that have a tradition of several centuries were formed. At present, the old buildings are part of the modern educational centers administered by the Guanajuato Education Secretariat, the Public Education Secretariat, the University of Guanajuato and other private institutions, and there are also a greater number of recently created schools to adapt to the current needs of the city.

Basic and secondary education

• Escuela Primaria Ignacio Allende
• José Ma Primary School. Morelos and Pavón
• Escuela Primaria Luis González Obregón
• Elementary School Juan B. Diosdado
• Moises Sáenz Primary School
• Serdan Primary School
• Diego Rivera Primary School
• Primary School September 16
• Escuela Primaria Carlos Montes de Oca
• Secondary School Number 3 Ignacio Ramírez

• Secondary School President Benito Juárez
• Pilot Educational Center
• Guadalupe Victoria Secondary School
• Ignacio Ramírez Secondary School
• Technical Secondary School Num. 34
• Technical Secondary School Num. 52

• Lasalle Institute of Guanajuato
• Instituto Carlos Montes de Oca
• Instituto Guanajuato
• Colegio Valenciana
• College Summits
• Euro-American Institute
• Maria Montesori
• Santa Fe Institute of Education
• Guanajuato Middle School (UG)
• Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico Industrial y de Servicios Num. 173

Universities and technology

• University of Guanajuato (UG): it is the maximum study house in the state of Guanajuato and by 2007 it formed about 30,000 students in its 122 academic programs, including 8 PhDs, 28 Masters and 53 diplomats scattered in 12 municipalities in the state. Its history dates back to 1732, when it was created under the name Hospicio of the Holy Trinity. On August 27, 1827, with the first constitutional government, the school changed its name to the College of the Immaculate Conception and remained under the responsibility of the state and thus created the powers of law, painting, sculpture, architecture and, in 1831, the university library. In 1867, he changed his name again, to be called State College. During this period, there was an expansion in research, as well as in the development of new technical programmes. Finally, in 1945, the school changed its name for the last time by the University of Guanajuato, and in 1994 it reached recognition as an autonomous university, which independed it on the government legislature.
• University of León (UDL) (Campus Guanajuato)
• Universidad Santa Fe
• Mathematics Research Centre, A.C. (Cimat)
• Universidad Pedagógica Nacional (Unidad Guanajuato)
• Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Guanajuato (Itesg)
• Technological University of León (Campus Guanajuato)
• Guanajuato Normal School
• Guanajuato Normal School

Culture

Teatro Juárez

Diego Rivera Museum

Alhóndiga de Granaditas

Month of San Antonio

The cultural offer in the city of Guanajuato is one of the most extensive in the country, surpassed only by Mexico City. Public and private institutions hold and promote theatre, music, dance, painting, sculpture, letters, photography and cinematography. Being the venue for world-class events such as the International Cervantino Festival, the Guanajuato International Film Festival, among others, it gives rise to professional and street cultural manifestations both in the official venues and in the unique alleys in the country, in addition to those of religious and popular origin.

Theaters and Auditoriums

• Teatro Juárez
• Principal Theatre
• Teatro Cervantes
• Auditorium of the Faculty of Mines
• Auditorium of the State
• General Auditorium of the University of Guanajuato

Forums and convention centers

• Guanajuato State Convention Centre

Exhibitions and events

• Festival of Urban Actors (February)
• Festival de las Flores (febrero)
• Rally Guanajuato-Mexico (March)
• Medieval Festival of Guanajuato (March-April)
• Opening of the Olla Dam (1.♪ Monday July)
• Guanajuato International Film Festival (Expression in Corto) (July)
• Fiestas de San Ignacio de Loyola - Cave Day (31 July)
• Our Lady of Guanajuato (August)
• Cervantino International Festival (October)
• Festival Vive Alterno Cervantino (FIVAC), Plaza de los Angeles (October)
• Cervantino Callejero del CLETA, Plaza San Fernando, escalinatas de la Universidad de Guanajuato (October)
• International Organ Festival (May)
• Chamber Music Festival (May)
• The Illuminations (November-December)

Cultural Institutions

• Museo Casa Diego Rivera
• Olga Costa Museum
• Museo de Sitio Ex Convento Dieguino
• Alhóndiga Museum of Granaditas
• Museum of the People
• Month of San Antonio
• House of Culture
• Museo de Sitio Mina Valenciana
• Museum of Contemporary Art First Deposit

Sister cities

Guanajuato has several sister cities in the world and two friendship agreements: