Guadalajara Mexico)
Guadalajara is a Mexican city, capital of the state of Jalisco. It is located in the west of the country, in the geographical area known as the Atemajac Valley. The city is considered one of the most important political, economic, social, cultural and tourist centers of Mexico. Guadalajara is also known as "La Perla Tapatía", "Guanatos (vulgar)", "La Perla de Occidente", " The City of Roses" and "The Silicon Valley of Mexico".
The name comes from the Arabic meaning "river of stones", "river that runs between stones" or ‘valley of the fortresses.’ The city was named after Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán, after the Spanish city where he was born. Guadalajara was founded on four different occasions, being established definitively by Beatriz Hernández on February 14, 1542, on the banks of the San Juan de Dios river.
The municipality limits to the north with Ixtlahuacán del Río, to the east with Zapotlanejo and Tonalá, to the south with Tlaquepaque and to the west with Zapopan and has a population of 1 385 629 inhabitants, however, its urban area reaches an estimated population of 5,179,874 inhabitants, being the ninth most populous urban area in Latin America, only after Mexico City, São Paulo, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Lima, Bogotá and Santiago, as well as the sixth in North America after Mexico City, New York, Los Angeles, Chicago and Toronto.
During the Viceroyalty of New Spain, Guadalajara officially became the capital of the Kingdom of Nueva Galicia, enjoying greater autonomy. In the Independence of Mexico he played a crucial role, since on December 6, 1810 Miguel Hidalgo abolished slavery in the city. Later, in the Reform War, Benito Juárez transferred his government to Guadalajara in 1858 due to disputes between liberals and conservatives. During the Mexican Revolution the implications in the region were more social than military, highlighting the entry of the Constitutionalist Army on July 8, 1914. During the second half of the Century XX the city experienced a period of social stability and commercial and industrial growth.
Due to its influence and international reach, it was classified as a global city in 2016, and as one of the 90 most productive cities in the world, with a score of 56.3. At the national level, it is the third economic nucleus of the country, with a GDP of 124,047 million dollars. The city's economy is based on commerce, services and industry, highlighting the technology industry due to the large number of international firms that have headquarters in the city, which is why it is known as the Silicon Valley from Mexico.
It is considered a great cultural pole and a benchmark for Mexico abroad, since Jalisco is the cradle of mariachi, charrería and tequila. Guadalajara hosts prestigious annual events, such as the Guadalajara International Film Festival and the Guadalajara International Book Fair, the most important in the Spanish-speaking world and the second largest in the world after Frankfurt, Germany.
Guadalajara hosted the 2011 Pan American Games as well as one of the venues for the 1970 and 1986 World Cup in Mexico. It has also been named American Capital of Culture in 2005, World Capital of Sports in 2020 and World Book Capital by UNESCO in 2022. The Hospicio Cabañas, located in the Historic Center, has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997.
Toponymy
Its name comes from the homonymous city in Castilla-La Mancha, which in turn comes from the Andalusian word وادي الحجارة (wādi al-ḥiŷara), which means 'valley of stone', although the traditional translation is 'río de piedras', 'river that runs between stones' or 'valley of fortresses'. The founder, Cristóbal de Oñate, named the city after the conqueror of western Mexico, Nuño de Guzmán, who was a native of Guadalajara, Spain.
In Mexico it is also known as La Perla de Occidente, La Perla Tapatia, The Bride of Jalisco[citation required] or The City of Roses. Its official abbreviation is Guad but it is also common to use the letters GDL to refer to the city.
Its name is guadalajarense, although people from Guadalajara are popularly (and perhaps more commonly) also known as tapatías and tapatíos.
Symbols
The municipality of Guadalajara has its own symbols that identify the city of Guadalajara, two of them are symbols used by the city council, such as the coat of arms of the city of Guadalajara and the historic flag of the city of Guadalajara. There are other more popular symbols that identify the city such as the Fuente de la Minerva, the metropolitan cathedral, the Hospicio Cabañas, the mariachis and the drowned cakes.
The coat of arms of Guadalajara has two lions, placed in a jump, and leaning their legs against a golden pine tree, highlighted with green, in a blue field, and on its border seven red crosses in a gold field, and for timbre a closed helmet, and for emblem a green flag with a gold Jerusalem cross placed on a spear stick, with its trascoles and dependencies to blue and gold foliage. Coat of arms of the capital of the province of Nueva Galicia of New Spain. The municipal flag has its origin in the colonial period and the colors are azure and gold.
History
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It covers a period of 475 years. After the victory of Tonalá (on March 25, 1530), Nuño de Guzmán enjoys the tribute and tribute of all the communities of the Atemajac valley, where the capital of Jalisciense is now settled. Inclusive, the conqueror aspires to be named by Carlos I of Spain as the first Marquis of the Tonalá Valley. However, the city had four settlements before establishing its stay in that capital, at first it was in Nochistlán in the landscape known as the zapote today known as San Juan. It was founded by Cristóbal de Oñate on January 5, 1532, who had been commissioned by Nuño de Guzmán. He wished to have a city that would serve him to secure his conquests. Between La Villa de Guadalajara was founded by 42 neighbors; the name of Guadalajara was taken in memory of the Spanish city, the cradle of Nuño de Guzmán. Little did the Villa last on this site, with the consent of Guzmán, Juan de Oñate (son of Cristóbal de Oñate), Miguel de Ibarra and Sancho Ortiz, on May 19, 1533, projected to move it from place. Thus, for August 8, 1533, Guadalajara was in its second seat.
The new city was attacked on 28 September 1535 by Aboriginals who had participated in the Mixton War. Oñate, then governor of the city organized a battle against the aborigines from which the new inhabitants of Guadalajara were victorious. They then thought to move her to the valley of Atemajac, through this valley ran the river San Juan de Dios and it was a safer place to be defended from any natural attack. Some moved from Tlacotan to Tonalá and others to Tetlán, where on October 9, 1541 the new neighbors' masters were prescribed. Oñate, on February 5, 1542, appointed the members of the new council to govern the destinations of the new city. Finally, on 14 February 1542 the city of Guadalajara was founded on the site where it is currently located; in addition to Oñate, 63 Spanish families (included by that time Portugal). The first city council of the current Guadalajara, chaired by the vizcaino Miguel de Ibarra. In addition, in August 1542 the royal cedulas issued by the Emperor Charles I of Spain arrived at their destination, in November 1539, in which Guadalajara was awarded the title of city and coat of arms. In the same month, the two papers were written in the main square of the novel and definitive Guadalajara.
For the War of Independence, Guadalajara played an important role, as it was in this city where the priest Miguel Hidalgo and Costilla declared the abolition of slavery. It was also here where he published the paper The American Wake Up where he published his ideas. In the vicinity of the place, on the Calderon Bridge, the battle took place where the insurgents were defeated. Guadalajara also witnessed the death of the insurgent José Antonio “El Amo Torres”, who helped Hidalgo take the city. At the end of the war of independence, and with the proclamation of the free and sovereign state of Jalisco, Guadalajara became the capital of the state.
The Porfiriato had ended and the Mexican revolution was blowing up. At that time Guadalajara was the apparent calm (since the conflict was concentrated in the capital). After the crisis, peace returned to Guadalajara. During a long period the city flourished and began to grow from the colony, the new architectural concepts that would decorate the city with styles from the 1920s to the 1980s were born.
Also, the aftermath of the 29th crach affected much more than desired. The 1940s were social and political tranquility, and growth marked in trade, industry and demographics. Guadalajara grew rapidly to occupy a site as an industrial, tourist and service Mexican metropolis and as the second economy in Mexico after Mexico City.
During the explosions of Guadalajara in 1992 hundreds of houses, avenues, streets, companies and infrastructure in the colony Analco were seriously damaged, "without a clear lack of information and responsibilities to date", in one of the most tragic events in the history of Guadalajara. This event, coupled with the above-mentioned economic crisis, resulted in the loss of the industrial power of Guadalajara; the investigation of the events lasted for more than 11 years in which insufficient evidence was found to name a responsible, the investigations are now closed ascribed the events to an accident.Geography
The city of Guadalajara is located in the state of Jalisco and sits in the Atemajac Valley, which in Nahuatl means place where the water forks, in the Neovolcanic Axis. It has an average altitude of 1570 m s. no. m. (meters above sea level), they are mostly low hills, whose highest point is Cerro del Cuatro (20°36′3.97″N 103° 21′47.52″W / 20.6011028, -103.3632000). The municipality has the San Juan de Dios River, which is tubed, to the north with the Santiago River and the Atemajac Stream and to the south of the municipality are the springs of Agua Azul. Its territorial extension is 187.91 km² (municipality), and more than 850 km² in agglomeration. The soil is of volcanic origin and from the Quaternary and Tertiary period of the Cenozoic Era, mostly for urban use. The seismic activity is moderate to intense and the volcanic activity is reduced to the Volcán de la Primavera, in the Sierra Primavera.
Climate
Guadalajara has a temperate humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cwa) with rainfall in summer of medium humidity and winter mostly dry. Spring days are the driest and hottest of the year. Being throughout May and early June, the hottest of this time and therefore of the year, with maximums that occasionally exceed 35 °C, and with minimums that vary between 13 °C and 20 °C on the warmest nights..
Later (in summer) comes the rainy season that takes place after the first fortnight of June until the end of October, presenting storms with intense electrical activity, strong winds and sometimes hailstorms, as a consequence of this the maximum temperatures drop at an average of 26.5 °C at this time of year. Of this season, the month of July stands out for being the most humid, rainy and with the most number of cloudy days throughout the year, for this reason it is usually the most representative of the season.
Towards autumn and winter, the rains decrease and give way to sunny days and cold winds from the north. In winter the average minimum temperature is 5 °C, but occasional frosts can occur, especially on the outskirts of the city near the municipality of Zapopan, with temperatures that can drop below −2 °C during the coldest nights. Even so, it is relatively common for the temperature inside Guadalajara to drop at dawn (around 8:00 AM) until it drops to 1 °C or 0 °C. C, on at least four occasions, between December, January and February. Daytime temperatures (in winter) can vary, between 12 °C and 26 °C, depending on whether it is rainy or sunny or there is a cold front. However, there are many warm days, even in February afternoons with 28-30 °C.[citation required]
The highest temperature recorded in Guadalajara was 47 °C, on March 28, 1947; on the contrary, the lowest temperature recorded in the city was −1.5 °C, on January 1, 1971.
Due to its geographical position and its elevation, Guadalajara has 50% of the year (from April to September) an extreme UV index (ultraviolet radiation); reaching its minimum point within the city from November to January (UV 5).
 Average climate parameters of Guadalajara (1951-2017) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Ene. | Feb. | Mar. | Open up. | May. | Jun. | Jul. | Ago. | Sep. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual |
| Temp. max. abs. (°C) | 35.0 | 38.0 | 47.0 | 41.0 | 39.0 | 38.5 | 37.0 | 36.5 | 36.0 | 35.0 | 32.0 | 33.0 | 47.0 |
| Average temperature (°C) | 24.7 | 26.5 | 29.0 | 31.2 | 32.5 | 30.5 | 27.5 | 27.3 | 27.1 | 27.1 | 26.4 | 24.7 | 27.9 |
| Average temperature (°C) | 17.1 | 18.4 | 20.7 | 22.8 | 24.5 | 23.9 | 22.0 | 21.9 | 21.8 | 21.0 | 19.2 | 17.5 | 20.9 |
| Temp. medium (°C) | 9.5 | 10.3 | 12.3 | 14.3 | 16.4 | 17.3 | 16.5 | 16.4 | 16.5 | 14.9 | 12.1 | 10.3 | 13.9 |
| Temp. min. abs. (°C) | -1.5 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 10.0 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 10.0 | 8.0 | 3.0 | -1.0 | -1.5 |
| Total precipitation (mm) | 15.6 | 6.6 | 4.7 | 6.2 | 24.9 | 191.2 | 272.5 | 226.1 | 169.5 | 61.4 | 13.7 | 10.0 | 1,002.4 |
| Rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.1 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 3.5 | 15.2 | 21.6 | 20.0 | 15.5 | 6.4 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 90.9 |
| Hours of sun | 204.6 | 226.0 | 263.5 | 261.0 | 279.0 | 213.0 | 195.3 | 210.8 | 186.0 | 220.1 | 225.0 | 189.1 | 2673.4 |
| Relative humidity (%) | 60 | 57 | 50 | 46 | 48 | 63 | 71 | 72 | 71 | 68 | 63 | 64 | 61 |
| Source No. 1: National Meteorological Service | |||||||||||||
| Source No. 2: College of Postgraduates (humidity and sun) | |||||||||||||
Natural resources
The natural wealth of Guadalajara is represented by the Primavera Forest, Los Colomos, and the Barranca de Huentitán. The flora stands out for Michoacán pines, different species of oaks, sweet gum, ash trees, willows; and introduced trees such as tabachines, jacarandas and ficus, as well as orchids, roses and various species of fungi. The fauna is reduced to the typical urban fauna, in addition to 106 species of mammals, 19 species of reptiles and six species of fish.
The Barranca de Huentitán (also known as Barranca de Oblatos) is located north of the municipality of Guadalajara. It measures approximately 1,136 hectares and has an average depth of 600 meters apart. The difference in altitudes of the highest (1,520 masl) and the lowest (1,000 masl) contour lines is 520 meters at the point of the funicular rail. This canyon is also named Oblates-Huentitán because it crosses two areas of the city called Oblates and Huentitán respectively.
The Cola de Caballo Waterfall: it is located on the Guadalajara to Zacatecas highway (km 15) a few kilometers from the northern Peripheral just after passing the town of San Esteban. The waterfall is formed by a current coming from the Atemajac Valley but now, because it is so close to Guadalajara and a neighborhood with very little development, it is highly contaminated.
Urban forest or Colomos forest, where the Japanese garden is located, located in the northwestern part of Guadalajara. It was one of the main sources of supply for the city, and today it continues to provide this vital liquid to some neighboring colonies. Currently, this forest has 92 hectares of forest mass in which pines, eucalyptus and cedars stand out. It has various attractions such as: ponds, children's play areas and camping.
Politics and government
Like the rest of the municipalities in Mexico, Guadalajara is governed by a municipal president, who exercises executive power for three consecutive years.
The legislative power is held by the council, made up of the list chosen by the mayoral candidate, made up of aldermen, who are not elected by the citizens by direct or indirect vote, but rather the list passes automatically if they win the mayor.
The municipality is divided into five electoral districts for the purpose of electing the representatives of the city in the federal legislative branch. These districts are the VIII, IX, XI, XIII and XIV of the state of Jalisco.
Administrative division
Due to the growth of the urban sprawl, the metropolitan area is made up of the following municipalities: Guadalajara, Zapopan, Tonalá, Tlaquepaque, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, El Salto, Juanacatlan, Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos and Zapotlanejo. Each municipality is governed by a popularly elected mayor with a three-year mandate. The mayors, along with a group of councilors called the Cabildo, form a Town Hall. In this sense, each urban and suburban municipality is autonomous, and what unites them in pursuit of the metropolitan area is the Metropolitan Council, which is made up of the aforementioned municipalities and is governed by the state governor. This group's function is to see the problems and solutions of the urban area and solve them together mainly. Each municipality is divided into zones, these have the function of ordering urban planning in general, Guadalajara has the following seven zones: Centro, Minerva, Huentitán, Oblatos, Olímpica, Tetlán and Cruz del Sur.
Likewise, the metropolitan area is divided into four sectors: Juárez, Hidalgo, Libertad and Reforma.
Municipal presidents
Demographics
Guadalajara has a population of &&&&&&&&01385629.&&&&&01,385,629 inhabitants, according to 2015 data. It is the city with the largest conurbation within the Guadalajara metropolitan area, and the third most populous city in Mexico; after Mexico City and Monterrey.
In 2018, the UN listed the hundred most populous urban agglomerations in the world. Mexico stood out with three cities on the list: Mexico City, Guadalajara and Monterrey.
Limits
The municipality of Guadalajara is located in the Central Region of the State of Jalisco, between the maximum geographic coordinates South 20° 36′ 13.464″ (20.603740°), and North 20° 45′ 9.2448″ (20.752568°) north latitude, and East 103° 15′ 58.6656″ (103.263764°) and West 103° 24′ 25.218″ (103.407005°) West longitude, at an elevation of 1700 m s. no. m. (meters above sea level).
The maximum coordinates of the previous paragraph correspond, respectively, to: 1. a farm located immediately to the north of house number 102 on Mirasol Street, between Belén and Flor de Santa María, in Colonia Nueva Santa María (south end); 2. the confluence of the San Juan de Dios and Santiago rivers (north end); 3. the eastern boundary of Parque de la Solidaridad, on Avenida Patria Oriente, approximately 60 meters north of its intersection with Calle Laurel (far east); and 4. the center of the roundabout of Acueducto and Patria avenues (west end).
The municipality of Guadalajara is bounded to the north by Zapopan and Ixtlahuacán del Río, to the east by Zapotlanejo and Tonalá, to the south by Tlaquepaque, and to the west by Zapopan.
Nearby Communities
The growth of the city is due to the fact that Guadalajara (capital) has grown and the closest communities were awarded. This is what happened with the old communities of Atemajac, Huentitán, Tetlán, Analco, Mexicaltzingo, Mezquitan and San Andrés, among others, which were absorbed by the growth of the municipal seat and which are now an integral part of the conurbation, being fully urbanized.
Currently the closest communities to Guadalajara are:
- Ixtlahuacán del Río (21.7 km from the municipal head of Guadalajara, 20°51′48.96′N 103°14′22.57′O / 20.8636000, -103.2396028).
- Santa Anita (to 19.6 km from the municipal head of Guadalajara, 20°32′59.09′N 103°26′29.50′′O / 20.5497472, -103.4415278).
- Santa Cruz de las Flores (27.9 km from the municipal head of Guadalajara, 20°28′49.33′N 103°30′29.09′′O / 20.4803694, -103.50806).
- New Mexico (14 km from the municipal head of Guadalajara, 20°45′47.02′N 103°26′27.24′′ / 20.7630611, -103.4409000).
- Thesistan (about 20.8 km from the municipal head of Guadalajara, 20°47′54.91′N 103°28′39.85′′O / 20.7985861, -103.4777361).
- The Spring (24.4 km from the municipal head of Guadalajara, 20°37′59.25′N 103°33′35.37′′O / 20.6331250, -103.5598250).
Metropolitan area of Guadalajara
The metropolitan area of Guadalajara (AMG) or metropolitan area of Guadalajara (ZMG), is the geographical area resulting from the conurbation phenomenon that has had the capital of the state of Jalisco, along with surrounding municipalities. Together, the cities and towns merged, are colloquially called as City of Guadalajarafor being the capital of the state, and city with greater historical relevance in the Center region of Jalisco.
In 2022 and according to a study by the National Public Policy Laboratory (LNPP) of the Center for Economic Research and Teaching (CIDE), a body responsible for coordinating the study under the support of Citibanamex and in collaboration with the Mexican Institute for Competitiveness (IMCO) and the Mario Molina Center (CMM), Guadalajara was named the most sustainable city in Mexico, ahead of Hermosillo, Sonora and Culiacán.
Guadalajara also has a high performance in urban competitiveness; since according to the IMCO Urban Competitiveness Index (2021), Guadalajara is the second largest city in the country; only below Mexico City and above Querétaro, Monterrey and Mérida
With 5,268,364 inhabitants in 2020, the metropolitan area of Guadalajara (formed by 10 municipalities) is the second largest metropolitan area in Mexico, after the metropolitan area of the Valley of Mexico and above the metropolitan area of Monterrey (formed by 13 municipalities), as well as the number 86.a worldwide, according to data from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI). It is part of the Bajío macroregion.
For all the municipalities involved, belonging to the metropolitan area of Guadalajara is of great importance, since since it is the capital of Jalisco, it has been the center of the development and the political and economic power of that state, so that the municipalities can participate in projects of urbanization co-financed by the Government of the State for the benefit of all the municipalities.
This situation poses challenges in defining competencies and coordination between the three government orders, which enable the planning and integral administration of the territory, the management of public services and the full exercise of the rights of its citizens. In this context, the identification of the number and size of the metropolitan area is of fundamental interest for decision-making, especially for the different sectors responsible for designing and implementing development policies with a territorial benchmark.
The economic base of the GFA is based on a diversified industry, the main economic activities of the area are based on the tertiary and secondary sector. In recent years, industrial location has increased, in the metropolitan area, mainly in some peak branches such as electronics and cybernetics, which has printed a new label to the productive structure and the physiognomy of the lid suburbs.
The AMG is the second agglomeration of the country in terms of its trade and the third by the volume of its industrial production. Conurbation concentrates about 75% of the jalisciens industries, thus being the main center of economic activities of the state. The main activities in the metropolitan area are manufacturing, trade, personal and maintenance services and community and social services.
In certain parts of the GFA, the standard of living is comparable to that of high-development countries; however, this standard of living is not representative of all municipalities, they also exist in the surroundings or periphery of the city, circles of inequality and poverty.Population
The increase in the population of the municipality was 0.80% from 1995 to 2000, represented by an increase of approximately 13,103 inhabitants. The annual growth rate in the city from 1995 to 2000 was 0.0%. This rate dropped considerably from 1990 to 1995, when the rate of increase was −0.2%.
The population density of the municipality of Guadalajara has not changed much since 1980, it has almost always remained above 8,000 inhabitants/km² (inhabitants per square kilometer).
Most of the population in the municipality is urban, due to the fact that a large part of the municipality is for urban use, the only undeveloped area corresponds to the Huentitan ravine, due to its characteristics and because it is a natural heritage of the municipality. The population is more concentrated if it is urban than rural; despite this there is still a degree of rural population.
Religion
The city is the seat of the second most important Catholic archdiocese in Mexico, the Archdiocese of Guadalajara, behind only the Primate Archdiocese of Mexico. It also has the seminary with the largest number of students, not only in Mexico but worldwide with 622 seminarians in the major seminary stage. The Archdiocese of Guadalajara reported the following numbers in 2009: 432 parishes, 1,100 diocesan priests, 341 religious priests, 25 diocesan priestly ordinations, and 21 priestly ordinations from religious congregations. At that time, in the Archdiocese of Guadalajara there was one diocesan priest for every 6,454 inhabitants of the pastoral territory.
Guadalajara is home to a large number of Christian followers of other affiliations; Protestants, Anglicans, Orthodox, Mormons and Jehovah's Witnesses. It also has an established Jewish community. This presence dates back to the first decades of the 20th century, when the community was divided between Jews of Ashkenazi origin and Jews of Sephardic. In the mid-1960s, both communities decided to merge and work together. Under this union, the Jews of the city lived for about 40 years. The new century brought to the Jewish life of the city the rupture of the unified organization, generating the division between the Israelite Community of Guadalajara, with an orthodox rite, and the Hebrew Community of Guadalajara, with a conservative rite.
There is also a significant number of believers in the doctrines of Buddhism, Hinduism and "new religions" (rainbow, rastafari, new age, and others). The city is the world center of La Luz del Mundo Church.
Utilities system
It currently has a wide range of public services dedicated to citizenship. The majority are solved by the state government of Jalisco, and others by private initiative.
- Security services
The Ministry of Public Security (SSP) is a direct unit of the federal government. Currently, Guadalajara has its own subsidiary public security unit of the State Public Security Secretariat. The mission of the SSP of Guadalajara is to safeguard the integrity and rights of the inhabitants and visitors, public, private institutions and civil society organizations of the municipality of Guadalajara, as well as to preserve public liberties, order and peace through the deterrence and prevention of crimes and offences with police intelligence, within the principles of legality, efficiency, professionalism and honesty in the performance of the members of the general public security management.
- Ranges
The Green Area Surveillance Unit and Sports Centers, commonly known as Ranges, is a SSP subunit, and is responsible for keeping watch in parks, forests and green areas. Its primary work is monitoring, flora and fauna protection, sanitation, reforestation and forest control. In the field of Environmental Education, Rangers structured several guided tours, called Ecological Routes, in the Forest Los Colomos and in the Barranca Oblatos-Huentitán, promoting school groups from primary to professional, to gain greater awareness of the protection of natural resources.
- Fire Service
The fire department is one of the most important units in the Guadalajara emergency system. The Guadalajara fire department has 5 stations, plus 5 alpha bases, which monitor only the Guadalajara metropolitan area. They also count, under the direction of firefighters of Guadalajara, with a canine squadron for the rescue of victims, in accidents. The squadron is trained in the search for victims, missing persons and explosive devices, as well as for water rescue.
Prevention and monitoring work is also carried out through the Technical Inspection Directorate and the Training Department which provides information and advice to the general population through established programmes and on the basis of needs.
On the other hand, since 1995 the fire department changed by Directorate and in 1997 the direction of the Municipal Civil Protection Unit (PC) rests with the Director of Firefighters. The PC is an emergency system, which is coordinated by the general fire department of Guadalajara.
- Emergency system
Health services
The issue of health is addressed by the Ministry of Health of the state government, the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), the Institute of State Workers' Security and Social Services (ISSSTE), the Civil Hospital, the Green Cross, the Mexican Red Cross, as well as a large number of private clinics and hospitals, as well as radiodiagnostic cabinets.
Social well-being is served on its different aspects by the System for the Integral Development of the Family (DIF), through the Municipal Committee and some other public and private assistance agencies.
There is currently an extensive network of health services, both public and private. 79 is the number of clinics, hospitals, sanatoriums and medical units currently in Guadalajara.Urbanism
 Map of the metropolitan area of Guadalajara. Urban road traffic of the city.
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The urbanism of Guadalajara in Jalisco, Mexico, developed according to the historical and territorial changes of the city, and in line with other defining factors of public space, such as architecture, urban infrastructures and the adequacy and maintenance of natural spaces, parks and gardens.
The urban layout within the municipality of Guadalajara can be considered varied, since within it there are several forms of streets, avenues, colonies and fractions that have different strokes such as the orthogonal, that is, with horizontal and vertical lines that cross, and irregular, that is, streets and avenues without meaning, but in general we can say that Guadalajara has a trace of star, which are five exits, with several rings.
At the beginning of Guadalajara, it had an orthogonal trace, i.e., with horizontal and vertical lines that cross, however at the passage of the years and as it grows to the river San Juan de Dios, this track was inclined although it followed the same trend, unlike the north, west and south, where the same lines of streets were followed.
This would change when the railroad to Guadalajara was introduced in 1888, as in the 20th century when urbanizing in the south, it suffered another inclination, it is given the same case as in San Juan de Dios. With the passage of time and the attachment of peoples, firstly Analco, Mexicaltzingo, Mezquitan and San Juan de Dios, and later have made Guadalajara a varied trace, this adds its accelerated growth in the centuryXX.which generated the aforementioned trace.
During the government of José de Jesús González Gallo, between 1947 and 1953, Guadalajara was the subject of public works that partially changed the urban landscape of the historical center of the city.
They highlight the expansions of the avenues Mayor-16 of September and Juarez, which were no longer sufficient for the growing number of cars that, day by day, circulated in the city center. To enlarge the avenues, therefore, it was necessary to break down buildings and match the street. Those demolitions have not ceased to generate controversy, because, although it sought to modernize and speed up the center of Guadalajara, it is still regrettable the irreparable loss of many old buildings with architectural and historical value.
Some other buildings around the Guadalajara Cathedral were torn down in order to leave large open spaces on the four sides of the episcopal headquarters, forming a large Latin cross in which the cathedral stands out.
The Cross of Plazas was formed from the existing Plaza de Armas, on the south side of the church. In this space the demolitions were not necessary. On the other hand, in front of the main facade of the cathedral it was necessary to open the space for the Town Hall square (after referred to as the Foundation Square, Plaza de los Laureles and Plaza Guadalajara, etc.). In addition, to the north, an ancient church of the seventeenth century was replaced by the Place de la Rotonda de los Hombres Ilustres (mausoleum in which the remains of prominent jalisciens are deposited). Finally, to complete the cross in its longest part, the old mansions that occupied the two blocks between the back facade of the cathedral and the front facade of the Teatro Degollado were completely destroyed, giving place to the Plaza de la Liberación (also called Plaza de los Tres Poderes, and known as Plaza de las Dos Copas).
In its commitment to make Guadalajara a sustainable city, Mexico (COME) has been built from López Mateos Avenue to Juan Palomar and Arias, with the intention of expanding the infrastructure of the cycle by Mexico Avenue and the improvement and beautification with gardens and the establishment of a Clean Point.
There are currently 17,200 streets and avenues, many of which have been traced according to the need of the population; some streets cease to function as such to become avenues, expanding their road layout. Modifications, repairs and hechures are taken into account by the municipal government of Guadalajara.Economy
The economy of Guadalajara is active in the three economic sectors (economic activities) which are Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. The primary activities are based on the transit and trade of cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, horses, and poultry. The secondary activities are based on the textile and metal-mechanic industries. Guadalajara is the industrial capital in western Mexico. The food industry exports most of its products (juices, canned products, sweets, sauces and foods in general). In the pharmaceutical industry, Guadalajara plays the most important role in national production, second only to the Federal District, and it is one of the largest distributors in the country.
Guadalajara is known as Mexico's "Silicon Valley", due to the development of the electronics industry: it is the main software manufacturer in the country, and the largest manufacturer of electronic and digital components for cutting-edge devices, housing companies such as, General Electric, IBM, Kodak, Intel, Hewlett-Packard, Siemens, Flextronics, Foxconn, Gateway, Sanmina-SCI, Dell, Solectron, and BlackBerry.
The city is also a pioneer in the production and export of textiles nationwide, and one of the largest clothing distributors in Mexico. Fashion designers, photographers, agencies, coordinators, models, and people around this sector are supported by the Chamber of the Clothing Industry (CAINVE) and the Chamber of the Footwear Industry (CAIC) through the Chamber of Commerce, the city hosts the most important fashion event in Mexico; Intermoda.
Infrastructure
The city of Guadalajara in the Mexican state of Jalisco has one of the most modern infrastructures in the country. However, the constant passage of various government powers with different visions of development and the lack of support for the projects of previous lobbying coupled with the accelerated growth of the city made urban planning messy and the demand for infrastructure grew faster than projects, delaying infrastructure development for several years.
The equipment of the city in basic services, although complete, is required to renew in such vital aspects as the water system and the drainage and sewerage system.
The metropolitan area of Guadalajara has more than 5 million inhabitants, so it is necessary to have a collective public transport system both massive and conventional, to meet the needs of the city, formed by various transport systems, both Governmental, Federal, State, Municipal, private initiative, to means without official authorization.Transportation
Urban Electric Train of Guadalajara
The Urban Electric Train System, known colloquially as the Ligero Train or My Train, is a metropolitan railway system that serves the Guadalajara metropolitan area in Jalisco, Mexico.
Currently it has three lines plus one in construction, each with a number and distinctive color. Line 1 (red) runs from Periférico Sur to Auditorio, and has 20 stations in its 16.6 km; while Line 2 (green) runs from Juarez to Tetlán, and has 10 stations in its 9 km. Line 3 runs from Arcos de Zapopan to Central Buses, has 18 stations in 21.5 km, and the future Line 4 (orange) will run from Las Juntas to Tlajomulco Centro, and will have 8 stations in 21 km.Mexican Railroad
Ferromex: Guadalajara is part of the distribution network, load, maintenance, by its supply base and permanent administration.
The destinations that this Guadalajara network includes:
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Grupo México Transportes (GMxT), formerly known as Ferromex, is one of the transport divisions of the Mexican Group. It was founded in 1998 and its headquarters is located in Mexico City.
It operates the largest railway network in Mexico with 11,000 km of road, covering the main industrial and consumer areas of the country. It also has 13 ports (9 in Mexico and 4 in Florida, United States) and 5 border crossings through which it connects Mexico to the rest of the world.Buses
- Quick transit bus
- SITREN
- Trolebus de Guadalajara
The Trolebus of Guadalajara is a system of transport through electric buses that serves in the city of Guadalajara, Jalisco (Mexico).
It currently has a route that communicates the western zone with the eastern part of the city. The trolleybus is operated by SITEUR (Urban Electric Train System), in its modality known as SITREN, and whose purpose is to serve as a light train feeder.Tourism
Historical and widely significant constructions are the hallmark of Guadalajara. Its works of art, customs, traditions and legends represent a focus of great interest for its inhabitants and tourists.
- Accommodation
As far as Guadalajara is concerned, there is infrastructure for national, international, and local tourism. There are hotels, motels, guest houses, suites, apartments, campgrounds, caravan parking, scattered throughout the municipality of Guadalajara.
According to figures from the Jalisco Secretary of Tourism, in 2006 there were 180 hotels in the city with a total of 12,248 rooms. Likewise, within the Metropolitan Zone the number of hotels and rooms amounted to 261 and 18,113 respectively.
Media
Newspapers
Local television channels
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It has systems for the reception and broadcast of television signal. As well as infrastructure for private and public enterprises.
With regard to radio (50 radio stations), in addition to information broadcasts, there are also broadcasts dedicated especially to sport. The music stations predominate in their entirety in the two broadcasting bands.
The oldest newspaper in the city is "El Informador", founded in 1917 by the Alvarez del Castillo family and which is currently still circulating and is the most traditional in the state. Approximately 40,000 copies are currently circulating daily.
"La Prensa Jalisco" was founded on June 30, 1999, as its founder director Modesto Barros González. Its preferentially police content, with 12 p. of Jalisco and the rest of the information from the capital of the Republic, where LA PRENSA comes to be one of the most circulation and clear newspapers, police issue.
Two years later, on June 26, 2001, by administrative policies of the Mexican Publishing Organization (OEM), to which LA PRENSA Jalisco belongs, disappeared the address of the newspaper and was formed the Subdirectorate of Rodolfo Chávez Calderón. This journal currently has a circulation of approximately 30,000 copies.Education
Education in this city is a main factor for development, since by having different universities with international prestige, education has become one of the most active economic sectors by attracting investment as well as generating economic development and competitive professionals to develop in demanded fields both in the city and in the same nation.
Guadalajara has the third oldest university in Mexico, the one with the largest number of student population in the country (behind the National Autonomous University of Mexico), the University of Guadalajara, as well as the first private university from Mexico; the Autonomous University of Guadalajara (UAG). It has one of the first and most prestigious Jesuit universities in the nation: ITESO, and is the second headquarters of the Pan-American University in Mexico. Guadalajara is also the headquarters of the Centro de Enseñanza Técnica Industrial (CETI), a higher education institution that was founded with the support of UNESCO in 1968 as part of the MEX-20 project, currently the only institution that remains of the CENETI-CERETI system nationwide.. The city is home to Marist universities and high schools such as the Marist University of Guadalajara (formerly La Salle University - Guadalajara), and private universities in journalism and communication such as UNIVA University. It houses one of the ITESM campuses and three UVM campuses distributed in the ZMG.
It also has universities that have agreements with private companies in which they study their last semesters, such as the Technological University of Jalisco (UTJ) who have an agreement with the company Tracsa and Tec Milenio the university of ITESM who have an agreement with the Baratz company.
The city is recognized for its international academic prestige in medicine, law, business administration, biology, art, architecture and design, it is also the only city to have degrees such as Urban Design (urban planning), Orientation in Computer Science and Language teaching.
Education figures in the municipality have been on the rise since 1980, in the year 2000 in the municipality the literates represented 96.83% of the population, which are 1,110,372 inhabitants and illiterates were 3.08% of the population, 35,306 inhabitants. In the development of the city from 1950 to the year 2000, the literate population increased by 16.7% and the illiterate population decreased by 16.7% in sync with the literate population.
- Universities
There are several universities and research centers, both private and public, that make Guadalajara a city that attracts students from both inside and outside the country. These universities are considered within Guadalajara, not so much because they are located in the municipality of Guadalajara, but because they are distributed within the Guadalajara metropolitan area. This in order to distribute the opening to the inhabitants of said area.
The University of Guadalajara is the highest house of studies in Jalisco. It is also the best public state university in the country and one of the 6 best universities in Mexico.
There are currently 21 higher education universities, all of which are certified by the Ministry of Public Education (SEP), and the University of Guadalajara, the latter of which is in charge of accrediting and validating the educational systems of said universities. universities, with the exception of the autonomous universities that manage their own educational program, but show validity to the federal educational programs for higher education. Guadalajara is the Mexican city with the most universities affiliated with the Ibero-American Network of Universities, which supports the prestige of the most important Spanish-speaking universities.
Culture
The cultural movement that lives in Guadalajara is one of the strongest in America. The city has one of the largest cultural agendas on the continent, which adds the interest of the government, the University, and private institutions, in exploiting the cultural attributes of the city. The city exhibits works by international artists and is a showcase for international cultural events whose radio of influence reaches most of the countries of America, as well as the south-west of the United States.
Guadalajara is characterized as one of Mexico's icon cities. This means that his identity has given a certain iconographic image to the country, even though mariachi, charrería and tequila are certainly not originating from Guadalajara, but from points or regions close to it. Over time, however, the city has been stereotyped as the land of such cultural manifestations and has adopted them by exercising their representation as the capital of the state of Jalisco. However, Guadalajara is the birthplace of cultural expressions, such as the dance of the syrup tapatío este, created from flamenco influences both in dance and in costumes acquired during the Virreinato de la Nueva España, it is also considered one of the most rich Mexican cities in artisanal and gastronomic diversity (formerly it was also in the textile sector).
Although indigenous cultural manifestations have been significantly devalued by a Malinchist thought that suggests that all that foreign represents a higher level or category, the state government, in coordination with local cultural institutions has been supporting indigenous cultures and their cultural manifestations; such support is based on economic remuneration, the diffusion of artistic works and handicrafts, especially of the cultures that pride Guadalajara and that favor many people and the granting of spaces to exhibit works.
Guadalajara is a focus of contemporary art for its expressions in dance, theatre, music, photography, cinema, design, architecture and multimedia, and has been a core in the development of experimental arts. It is also one of the Mexican cities with the largest number of artistic institutions, such as the Philharmonic Orchestra of Jalisco, the Folk Ballet of the University of Guadalajara, Ballet de Cámara de Jalisco, the Classic Ballet of the Hospicio Cabañas, among others. Contemporary music has been an important factor within the new cultural movement of tapatío, Guadalajara is one of the cities with the largest consumers of avant-garde and electronic music, to gain the mote of "Electrónica Capital of Mexico" in honor of its representation in electronic music, and to host events of the global electronic genre. It is also the city that saw the birth of a new musical genre: Acid Cabaret in the late 1980s.
The University Center for Art, Architecture and Design (CUAAD) is the academic institution with the greatest international recognition, in the formation of artistic talent; the University of Guadalajara has become a link between the cultural movements of the new generations and serves to support the creation, diffusion and cultural consumption in the city. Guadalajara also hosts the International Meeting of the Mariachi and the Charrería, The Municipal Fair of the Book of Guadalajara, the Cultural Festival of May, the International Fair of Music, Photoseptember, the Festival of October, the International Fair of the Book of Guadalajara, the International Exhibition of Contemporary Dance in Guadalajara, the Festival "Onésimo González" of Contemporary Dance that celebrates the months of April of each year, and the most dynamic art festival
For its part, the historic centre of Guadalajara houses colonial buildings of a religious and civil character, which constitute a mixture of styles whose root is found in indigenous cultural contributions (mainly of Ute origin), incorporated into the Mozarab and the Castro, and later in modern European influences (mainly French and Italian) and American (concretely those from the United States). Examples of neoclassical architecture can be seen starting with the Cathedral, the Degollado Theatre and surrounding buildings. It also has museums, theatres, galleries, libraries, auditoriums and concert halls. Particular mention can be made of the Teatro Galleries, the Teatro Diana and the Hospicio Cabañas, in which part of the pictorial work (murals and cavalette) of José Clemente Orozco was declared a World Heritage Site by Unesco in 1997.Museums
Libraries
Monuments
- La Rotonda de los Jaliscienses Ilustres
La Rotonda de los Jaliscienses Ilustres is a monument of the city of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, located in the square flanked by the avenues Fray Antonio Mayor, Miguel Hidalgo and the streets Liceo and Independencia, in the heart of the capital of the state of Jalisco known as the historical center, on the side of the Cathedral of Guadalajara. It pays tribute to the memory of the jaliscienses that have transcended through the history of Guadalajara.
- Los Arcos de Guadalajara
Los Arcos is a monument consisting of two very representative arches of Guadalajara (Mexico), located in Avenida Vallarta, the main road of the city, at its crossing through Arcos Street, one block from the also emblematic Glorieta de La Minerva. Both arches used to be the entrance to the city of Guadalajara. In the middle of the arch is read: Guadalajara capital of the Kingdom of New Galicia founded in this place on 14 February 1542. Although at present the arches are far from being the entrance to the city, because of the enormous growth it has had, they are a monument of great importance in Guadalajara, and many times this city is represented with the image of this monument.
- The Minerva
It is a representative monument of the City of Guadalajara, Mexico and the largest source of the city. The fountain is adorned with a statue of the Roman goddess Minerva (Athena in Hellenic Culture) by the sculptor Joaquín Arias. The work was carried out during the period of Governor Agustín Yáñez, who commissioned the project to Arq. Julio de la Peña.
- The Millennium Arches
More commonly known as “Millennial Arches” are an architectural work located in the Jardines del Bosque colony in the city of Guadalajara, With a height of 52 meters, it will consist of six monumental yellow metal arches, one greater than the previous one, located between the avenues Lázaro Cárdenas and Mariano Otero. Its weight will be more than 1500 tons of steel, with 17 thousand square meters of surface. Enrique Carbajal González “Sebastián” is the author of the sculptural project.
- Source of the Quetzalcóatl Inmolation
Monumental sculpture formed by 5 pieces forged in bronze and handmade. The central figure measures 25 meters high and the allegories 6 meters each with a weight of 23 tons. Work of the jalisciense Víctor Manuel Contreras is considered one of the highest in the world. It represents the immolation of Quetzalcóatl rising from the earth to the infinite to light the sun and give us new light. The four sculptures that surround the flame are the four heavens of the four cardinal points, the cement rose that serves as the basis and support of this sculptural set is a beautiful fountain as a crystalline mirror that balances and harmonizes this sculpture.
- Pantheon of Bethlehem
It is an ancient cemetery located in the city of Guadalajara, Mexico. This cemetery was previously an orchard in the civil hospital, but it was converted into a pantheon in 1848. It was projected by the architect Manuel Gómez Ibarra at the request of Bishop Don Diego de Aranda and Carpinteiro. Its operation lasted little less than 50 years, as it was closed on November 1, 1896. The decision was made by the Higher Council of Health of that time. It currently works as a museum that represents part of the history of Guadalajara, which houses 900 niches of pink quarry. Previously in the center was the chapel of the illustrious men that today are in the Rotonda de los Hombres Ilustres.
Although the pantheon is closed for funeral events, it continues to open its doors to the public only in order to appreciate its interior. To do this there are tourist tours in which the graves are shown and legends are told.Events
In the city there are great festivals of various themes with international recognition and scope, to mention the best known:
- May Cultural Festival.
- International Book Fair of Guadalajara, This fair is held every year, thanks to the auspices of the University of Guadalajara, during the last week of November. It includes a large exhibition of consolidated, independent, university, national, international publishers; books and conferences are presented; it has a special area for children and young people; it is very significant to show during the ten days of the fair to a guest country (or region, or community), to which a pavilion is dedicated to expose the most representative of its culture. In the FIL, as it is popularly known, various awards are given, the most representative is the Latin American and Caribbean Literature Award (formerly called “Juan Rulfo”, in honor of this author jalisciense). For its part the fair contains the most prestigious cultural festival in the country: Papirolas.
- The festivals of October: These are the traditional fiestas of Guadalajara, have been held since 1965 as the first venue of the Parque Agua Azul and years later it would change from headquarters to the auditorium Benito Juárez which is where this celebration is currently held. Its main attractions are the mechanical games, the palenque and the auditorium where several artists, especially Mexican music, present themselves every night during this celebration of the October holidays.
- El Festín de los Muñecos (Festival Internacional de Títeres de Guadalajara).
- The International Meeting of Mariachi and Charrería. As their name says, they gather different mariachis from different parts of the world. As well as the charros that come from various parts to demonstrate Mexico's national sport. It starts with a parade and throughout the days the events are held in various scenarios throughout the city. It is held between August and September.
- It is the largest and most important in its kind in the country. It is usually done during the month of octubte
- The Guadalajara International Film Festival (known as Guadalajara Film Fest). With more than twenty years of trajectory, FICG is the most important event in Mexico in terms of cinema, which includes a film exhibition, a meeting with filmmakers and actors (talent campus), and the competition for performances that are awarded in several categories: Ibero-American and Mexican short film, Mexican and Latin American documentary, fiction feature among which is the “Mayahuel” in which a trajectory is rewarded.
- The International Contemporary Dance Festival “Onésimo González”. It emerged since 1999 organized by the Ministry of Culture of the Government of the State of Jalisco and the National Coordination of Dance of INBA. Having in this choreographic samples of the most outstanding dance groups in the state of Jalisco, with some invited, national and international companies; thus promoting cultural exchange within Guadalajara, offering at the same time teachers classes open to the public to enrich the Danish language in this state. Presented every October at the Forum of Art and Culture of this city.
- Expo-Feria Amistad Internacional. This city has been the cradle and hostel of distinguished poets, writers, painters, actors, filmmakers and representatives of art internationally. A work that realizes the richness of the poets of this city is the book Poesía mayor in Guadalajara (poetic and critical anomalies).
Zapopan Pilgrimage
A replica of the original image, called Virgin pilgrim, is taken every year to pilgrimage through the churches of Guadalajara from May 20 to October 9, when up to the Metropolitan Cathedral. There it remains until two more days until the Mass of renewal of patronage is celebrated on archdiocese. After the Mass is finished, the pilgrim image is taken in procession from the explanade of Hospicio Cabañas to the Metropolitan Cathedral, where the Peregrine Image is replaced by the Original Image that is carried only that night of October 11 from its Basilica in Zapopan to the Cathedral of Guadalajara being there venerated and watched all night and early in the morning. The 12th of October at 6am is taken in the Romería towards its headquarters basilica.
Houses and streets are decorated with chopped paper, alfalfa and floral arrangements where the image passes before reaching the parish or chapel of each neighborhood. This devotion is very particular of Guadalajara and has no parallel in Mexico, neither in its forms nor in its history, history that is intimately linked to the very foundation of Guadalajara in 1542, since already in 1531 Brother Antonio de Segovia, he traveled the valley of Atemajac and Zapopan, evangelizing the originals of these lands, accompanied by the image of the Virgin of Expectation, which is the original image that makes the journey every 12 October.
In this procession, dancers, traditional food and craftsmen and thousands of spectators are cited. The image is periodically stopped along its path to receive a tribute from the many pre-Hispanic dance groups and mariachis. Once the contingent arrives at the Basilica, the celebrations continue and end with fireworks at night.
In 2018 Zapopan's romeria was registered in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Throughout the year the planning of this event rests on a close interaction of various communities, which fosters the renewal and strengthening of the social bonds nested among them. Thanks to the continued support of the communities to romeria, this element of cultural heritage has become one of the most popular and rooted in western Mexico. Grouped in well-organized civil and ecclesiastical associations, the depositaries and practitioners of the element have successfully guaranteed their survival to date.Gastronomy
Guadalajara has a wide variety of typical dishes, such as wellle, tamales, toast, sopes, enchiladas, tacos, often, charros beans. But something that totally distinguishes it from the whole country are the “smothers drowned”, which is of salted birote (typical tapatío) untado with refried beans, with sliced pork fried meat – also known as “carnitas” – all in tomato sauce seasoned with spices; additionally it is eaten accompanied with onions desflemeshed in lemon and spiced sauce.
Another of the typical meals of Guadalajara and the whole state of Jalisco is the “birria”, which is usually made with goat, beef or borrego. The artisanal birria is made in a special oven, which can be underground and covered with maguey leaves; the meat can be mixed with a tomato and spice broth, or consumed separately. The dessert that is considered as typical lid is the jericalla, which is mainly prepared with milk, egg, cinnamon and vanilla.
Another typical dish of tapathy cuisine is meat in its juice. This dish consists of a broth of beef with beans of the pot and is accompanied by bacon, cilantro, onion and radish (in slices or whole).
Guadalajara also has numerous restaurants to taste international gastronomy; it has recognized places and some of the best restaurants in the country with specialities in Spanish, French, Brazilian, Japanese, Italian, Hindu, Arabic, Lebanese, Greek, Chinese, Argentinian, Thai, Costa Rican and various restaurants specializing in vegetarian and “organic” food.Sports
Football
The city has two first division soccer teams, Club Deportivo Guadalajara (Chivas) and Club Atlas (known as Rojinegros or Zorros). In the Second Division of Mexico, the Club Deportivo Oro and the Club Leones Negros of the University of Guadalajara. In the third division is the National Sports Club. In the past, it had other teams, such as the now-defunct Club Social y Deportivo Jalisco.
Baseball
In baseball, the Charros de Jalisco played in the Mexican Baseball League from 1949 to 1952, the Pacific Coast League from 1952 to 1955, again the Mexican League from 1964 to 1975, and currently the Pacific Mexican League from 2014. New Mariachis de Guadalajara baseball team was established on December 8, 2020 and has participated since 2021 in La Liga Mexicana de Béisbol.
Basketball
In basketball, the Jalisco Astros have participated in the National Professional Basketball League since 2019.
National Olympics
The state of Jalisco won the national Olympics 18 consecutive times. He has also won the highest number of medals in all disciplines of the national Olympics on 9 occasions. The city of Guadalajara has been relevant for these triumphs since the training point for most of its athletes is the CODE facilities, dedicated to sports training.
Golfing
In golf, Lorena Ochoa, from Guadalajara, stands out. She has been one of the youngest golfers to have won numerous international championships in the history of national golf, reaching first place in the LPGA ranking in April 2007, being thus, the best golfer in the world in the maximum circuit of golf.
Car Racing
Sergio Pérez, a Formula 1 driver since 2011, is also a native of the capital of Jalisco, and it is in this category where he has achieved international recognition, after being one of the most consistent and confident drivers in motor sport. He has been part of teams such as Sauber alongside the Japanese Kamui Kobayashi, McLaren with the 2009 world champion Jenson Button, Force India accompanied by Nico Hulkenberg and Esteban Ocon, Racing Point with Lance Stroll, son of owner Lawrence Stroll and Red Bull Racing being a teammate of Max Verstappen. He has 26 podiums and 4 victories, 1 with the extinct Racing Point team at the 2020 Sahkir Grand Prix and 3 with his current team, Red Bull Racing, at the 2021 Azerbaijan Grand Prix, one at the prestigious 2022 Monaco Grand Prix and the 2022 Singapore Grand Prix.
Box
This city is also the homeland of renowned boxer Saúl "El Canelo" Álvarez who has won world championships in four different weight divisions and is currently one of the most relevant international figures in his discipline. As of 2019 he is ranked the number 1 boxer in the world, pound for pound, by The Ring magazine, BoxRec , and the Boxing Writers Association of the United States.
Tennis
In 2022, the WTA 1000 Guadalajara 2022 hard-court tournament was held at the Pan-American Tennis Stadium.
Sporting events held in Guadalajara
The 2011 Pan American Games were held in the city of Guadalajara, this being the third time that Mexico hosted the Pan American Games and the first time outside of Mexico City. The Jalisco Stadium hosted 2 World Cups, the 1970 Soccer World Cup and the 1986 Soccer World Cup
Stadiums and sports venues
Guadalajara has several sports venues. That alternates its primary function for musical, cultural events.
- Stadium Three of March
It is located within the facilities of the Autonomous University of Guadalajara. The official capacity is for 25,000 fans. It is home to the soccer team, Estudiantes Tecos.
- Technological and Olympic Stadium
A gym for 1,500 people with a basketball court, 2 sections, one for seats and another for stands, 1,000 people in seats and 3,000 in the stands, a tartan track and a forum for 8,000 attendees. It has a covered Olympic pool with seats for 800 spectators, it has a water heating system, a pit for diving with a 10, 3 and 1 meter springboard.
Let's remember that the Technological Stadium was demolished by the then Rector of the U. de G. Raúl López Padilla, with the promise of building a more modern one and to date 3 administrations have passed and the land continues without a stadium, which will be it rents to circuses, thus preventing new classes of students from practicing high-performance sports in the field of athletics at their own facilities.
- Stadium Jalisco
It was a sub-site of the 1968 Olympic Games, the 1970 Mexico World Cup, the 1971 Women's World Cup, the 1983 Youth World Cup, the 1986 Soccer World Cup and the venue of the 2011 Pan American Games. The official capacity is for 65,000 fans, said stadium is the largest in the country outside the capital, and is the 3rd largest in Mexico. It is currently home to the Atlas team and the U. de G. (Leones Negros) club.
- Akron Stadium
It is the current home of Club Deportivo Guadalajara. This venue is considered the most modern stadium in Latin America.[citation required] It has a capacity of 45,000 fans and was the site of the XVI Pan American Games and sub-site of the Cup 2011 Sub-17 Soccer World Cup. This stadium is located in the municipality of Zapopan, Jalisco.
- Bullring The Centenary
Bullring, located in the center of the municipality of Tlaquepaque, with a 33-meter ring. It has the capacity for approximately 5,000 fans of the brava party and was completely renovated in 1995, eliminating the alley that it previously had.
- Plaza de Toros Nuevo Progreso
It has a capacity for 16,561 spectators, is 25 meters high with a 46-meter ring between barrier and barrier and a 2.5-meter-wide alley.
- Bernardo Obregón Tamariz
Tri-Oval 1380 meters long for NASCAR type car competitions. This property hosts a date of the NASCAR Corona Series series each year. It has an approximate capacity for 15,000 spectators.
- Campo de Tiro with Arco
Located in the Unidad Deportiva Revolución, av. Pablo Neruda 3232. This property will be used for the sports tournament of the 2011 Pan American Games.
- Pan American Complex of Artistic and Rhythmic Gymnastics
Located in the López Mateos Unit, it will be used for Guadalajara 2011.
- Pan American Ballroom Volleyball Complex
Located in the Ávila Camacho Sports Unit.
- Pan American airfield CODE Paradero
- Via RecreationActivative
La Vía RecreActiva in the city of Guadalajara, is a social program in which road spaces are set up for mass use for recreational and leisure purposes by people of all ages; the program is intended to operate for several hours on Sundays. Such action implies temporarily restricting vehicular-motorized circulation along one or more road bodies on selected primary roads, only allowing movement through non-motorized means (on foot, bicycle, skates, etc.) within this reserved space.
There are currently three routes:
- RUTA 1: Giants (cruce with Presa Laurel in Tetlan)-Javier Mina-Juárez-Vallarta to La Minerva.
- RUTA 2: Chapultepec (cross with AV. Mexico)-Children Heroes-Paseo de la Arboleda-El Sol-Tonantzin-Capuchinas-12 de diciembre.
- RUTA 3: Calzada Juan Pablo II-Aquiles Serdan-Blvd Marcelino García Barragán.
Predecessor: Rio de Janeiro |  Pan American City 2011 | Successor: Toronto |
International relations
Guadalajara maintains extensive relationships with countries and sister cities around the world. With headquarters for Foreign Affairs at Ave. Juárez no. 20, Cuauhtémoc.
Consulates
The Honorary Consuls and Consuls General currently residing in Guadalajara are:
- Canada
Canada Race Consulate - Colombia
Colombia Consulate - El Salvador
El Salvador Consulate-General - Spain
Spain Consulate-General 
United States Consulate-General
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Norway
Peru
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Romania
Russia
Sweden
Uruguay
Twin cities
The city of Guadalajara has several twinning agreements around the world:
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Agreements
Guadalajara has specific cooperation agreements, whose objective is to establish activities, in order to facilitate the execution of the agreement. These agreements are entered into because the signatory parties focus cooperation specifically to strengthen complementary areas such as tourism, government, security, etc. The agreements that the city has are with the following cities around the world:
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Appointments
Predecessor: Santiago de Chile | .svg) American Capital of Culture 2005 | Successor: Córdoba |
Predecessor: Abu Dhabi |  World sport capital 2020-2021 | Successor: Madrid |
Predecessor: Tiflis |  World Capital of the Book 2022 | Successor: Acra |
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