Green

The colors perceived between yellow and blue are called green, which corresponds to a photoreception of light whose dominant wavelength measures between 495 and 570 nm. It is the characteristic color of vegetation and can be defined by its resemblance to the coloration of the leaves of fresh grass or emerald stone. Occasionally, it is called prasino or sinople.

Standard green can be seen in the box on the right, above; to which correspond the values that we see below. The "green" color denomination covers a set of colorations similar to the standard, called greenish.

Currently, this color is one of the most used, since it is considered a cold or cheerful color.

Etymology

The word green derives from the Latin virĭdis 'green, vigorous, lively, young', related to virere 'to green', of unknown origin. It may originally come from a root meaning 'shoot, growing plant', cognate with Lithuanian veisti 'to spread' and Old Norse visir 'shoot'..

In Spanish, the use of the term «verde» dates from the year 1019.

In Latin, the term viride is the term used by the Romans to describe green. The Romans had a greater appreciation for this color, it was the color of Venus the goddess of beauty, gardens, vegetables and vineyards. They made a fine green earth pigment that was widely used in wall paintings in Pompeii, Herculaneum, Lyons, Vaison-la-Romaine, and other Roman cities. They also used the verdigris pigment, made by immersing copper plates in fermenting wine. In the II century d. C., the Romans used green in their paintings, mosaics and glass, and used ten different Latin words to talk about varieties of green, among them virêns, prásino (for light green), viridulus, subviridis, perviridis and viridis (for dark green).

The term sinople was used in French literature as a poetic designation for the color red. This word was derived from sinope, sinopis, Latin words that in classical antiquity generally referred to red, alluding to a highly prized kind of red ocher that was mined in Cappadocia and exported from the Anatolian port of Sinope. Even after its adoption by heraldry as meaning "green", sinople retained its literary meaning of "red" for some two more centuries.

Beech break

Prásino is the word that comes from the Greek Πράσινο, which refers to the bright light green of plants, trees and their foliage. The philosopher Democritus describes two different fields to talk about the color green; namely cloron (χλωρων) for pale green, and prásinon (Πράσινων) for dark green. Aristotle considered green to be halfway between black, which symbolizes earth, and white, which symbolizes water. However, green is not counted among one of the four classic colors of Greek painting; red, yellow, black, and white, and is rarely found in Greek art.

In some languages, including ancient Chinese, Thai, ancient Japanese, and Vietnamese, the same word could mean both green and blue. For example, the sinogram 青 (pronounced qīng in Mandarin, ao in Japanese, and thanh in Sino-Vietnamese). Thus, in Japanese, green is still called blue (青 [ アズール ] ao) at times in Japanese (緑 [ ベルデ ] midori), which In such a case, it is not proven that the Japanese of the Yamato culture could not distinguish blue from green centuries ago; although it is likely that they considered green as a shade of blue.

Lexeme

The lexeme chlor or chlorine, from the Greek χλωρός (chloros, pronounced jhloro), 'yellow-green' (and this from the Indo-European root *ǵʰelh₃-, 'greenish yellow') associates terms that include it with the color light green. Some examples of this are the words chlorophyll, chloroplast, and chlorine (light yellow green toxic gas).

Properties

As a psychological color: primary, cold

Green is one of the four primary psychological colors, along with red, yellow, and blue. In addition, it is considered a cool color, along with blue and violet.

As a subtractive color: secondary

Production of colors from the primary of the subtractive system. Mixing cian, magenta and yellow are obtained the red, green and blue side, and by successive mixtures all the other colors.

In the subtractive color synthesis system, where colors are created by mixing pigments or dyes (paints, dyes, inks), the primary colors are cyan, magenta, and yellow. Green, along with red and blue, is a secondary color in this system, meaning that when working with pigments of any kind, to obtain green you must mix two of the subtractive primary colors (specifically, cyan and yellow)..

The four-color printing process (used to print, for example, color books and magazines) uses the three subtractive primary colors with the addition of black. Hence, a process color is described by the percentage of ink of each of these four colors that goes into its composition. Since green is formed by the addition of cyan and yellow, a medium green printed area will be made up of C=100 (100% cyan), M=0 (0% magenta), Y=100 (100% yellow) and K=0 (0% black). See CMYK.

Complementarity

In this system of chromosynthesis, the complementary color of green is magenta.

In the traditional subtractive system, the green is achieved by mixing yellow and blue

As a subtractive color in plastic arts: secondary

In artistic painting and other related disciplines, the RYB subtractive synthesis system is often used to obtain colors by mixing, which uses red (R), yellow (Y) and blue (B) as primary colors.

Newton's studies on the nature of light and color gave rise to numerous theories about colors, not always correct. At the beginning of the 18th century, some painting treatises had adapted the circle of colors created by Newton to the needs of pictorial art and pointed out that the three primary colors were red, yellow and blue of the Newtonian circle. The practice of using this triad of primaries in paint continues to this day, so in that realm green is often obtained by mixing yellow and blue, although magenta, cyan, and yellow are now considered to be the most suitable triad of primaries for the synthesis of pigmentary colors.

Complementarity

In this system of chromosynthesis, the complementary color of green is red.

As an additive color: primary

Production of colors from the primary of the additive system. Mixing red, green and blue are obtained cian, magenta and yellow, and by successive mixtures all other colors.

In the additive system of color synthesis, in which colors are made by mixing colored light instead of pigments, green is a primary color, along with red and blue. This means that when working with colored light, it is enough to mix those three colors in different proportions to get all the others. To create the light and dark tones, the lightness is decreased or increased.

This additive system of light colors is what monitors and televisions use to produce colors. In this system, a color is described with numerical values for each of its components (red, green and blue), indicating red with "R", green with "G" and blue with "B". On a value scale from 0 to 255, pure additive green is expressed as R=0 (no red), G=255 (maximum green), and B=0 (no blue). See RGB.

This green was one of the first colors that personal computers could reproduce when they abandoned monochrome, in the early 1980s.

Complementarity

In this system of chromosynthesis, the complementary color of green is magenta.

Spectral Green

Spectral Green is simply the green color of the region of the electromagnetic spectrum that the human eye is capable of perceiving. The wavelength of green light is approximately between 500 and 550 nm; frequencies higher than green are perceived as cyan and those lower as yellow.

In the visible light spectrum, the green is near the center, between cian and yellow

In the Newtonian spectrum and in the rainbow: fourth color

In the West, the traditional interpretation of rainbow chromaticism holds that it contains seven colors, corresponding to the seven colors into which Newton divided the spectrum of visible light. In this context, green is considered the fourth color, both in the Newtonian spectrum and in the rainbow.

Spectral Greens

Spectral greens are those bright hues that are part of both the visible spectrum and the additive color wheel. Some examples of this tone:

Symbols and uses

The “color of Islam”

Today, green is recognized worldwide as the representative color of Islam. Originally, it was the color of the Fatimid dynasty, which ruled North Africa between 909 and 1171. This tribe carried a green banner, meaning their support for Ali ibn Abi Talib, cousin of the Prophet Muhammad. Green, along with the other three colors of the founding Arab dynasties—red, white, and black—makes up the quartet of so-called pan-Arab colors, which appear in the national symbols of countries loyal to the ideals of the Arab Rebellion.

Green itself, on the other hand, is appreciated in the Islamic tradition. In a hadith there is a text attributed with some reliability to Muhammad in which it is said that "water, greenery and a beautiful face" are three universally good things.

Heraldry and Vexillology

The heraldic green is called sinople or sínople. In the formative phase of heraldry, during the High Middle Ages, the sinople was not used, perhaps because it was the color of the banners of the Fatimid Caliphate (and therefore associated with Islam), or because green of a shield did not stand out against the green of the grass. Around the 16th century, however, its use became more frequent.

In vexillology, green is a relatively common color. In some national flags the green surface is considerable, and others even use green as a background color. This color is also found in some groups of flags that share national colors for ethnic reasons: the Pan-Arab colors and the Pan-African colors.

In the examples below these lines: the "Styrian panther" on sinople field, coat of arms of the Austrian state of Styria, dating from 1160, when it was adopted as an emblem by Margrave Ottokar III; the flag of Saudi Arabia, with Islamic or “pan-Arab” green in the background; the flag of Dominica, where green symbolizes the island's vegetation; and the green flag of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, which was the only monochrome national flag in the world.

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  Estiria Shield

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  Flag of Portugal

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  Flag of Italy

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  Flag of Ireland

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  Flag of Hungary

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  Flag of Lithuania

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  Flag of Bulgaria

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  Flag of Belarus

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  Flag of Andalusia

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  Flag of Extremadura

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  Flag of Brazil

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  Flag of Mexico

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  Flag of Bolivia

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  Flag of Jamaica

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  Flag of Dominica

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  Flag of Saudi Arabia

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  Flag of Libya 1977-2011

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  Flag of Libya

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  Flag of Mauritania

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  Flag of Algeria

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  Flag of Turkmenistan

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  Flag of Uzbekistan

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  Flag of Afghanistan 1992-2001

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  Flag of Afghanistan

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  Flag of India

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  Sri Lankan flag

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  Flag of Mauritania 1959-2017

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  Flag of Pakistan

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  Flag of Nigeria

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  Flag of Zambia

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  Flag of Namibia

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  Flag of Tanzania

Religion

See liturgical colors.

Politics

See political colors: political green.

Political parties that defend ecological ideas in their political ideology are known as green parties.

Sports

Many sports teams use the color green, although it is less common than red and blue.

The national teams of Bolivia, Cameroon, Mexico, Nigeria and Ireland wear green.

In motorsport, British racing green was used by British teams until the 1960s, and has continued to be used by Aston Martin, Bentley, Jaguar and Lotus among others.

In soccer, green is used by the clubs AS Saint-Étienne, Celtic Glasgow, Real Betis, US Sassuolo, Werder Bremen, VfL Wolfsburg, Atlético Nacional, Chapecoense, Chiapas, León, Santos Laguna, Ferro Carril Oeste, Club Atlético Nueva Chicago, Club Atlético Banfield, Club Atlético Aldosivi, Palmeiras, Santiago Wanderers, Club Deportivo General Velásquez, Portland Timbers, Deportivo Cali and Seattle Sounders. It is also used by the Boston Celtics, Milwaukee Bucks, Athens Sports Association and Seattle SuperSonics basketball; the Green Bay Packers, New York Jets and Philadelphia Eagles for American football, the Oakland Athletics for baseball, and the Baylor Bears, Miami Hurricanes, Michigan State Spartans and Oregon Ducks for college sports.

Trademarks

Many brands use green in their logos and image. Examples are the transport brands Alitalia, Cathay Pacific, TAP Portugal, Deere & Company, Land Rover, Lotus and Skoda, 7-Eleven, Starbucks and Whole Foods stores, Lacoste clothing brand, Carlsberg, Grolsch, Heineken, Knorr, Mountain Dew, Perrier, Sprite and 7Up food brands, hydrocarbons BP, Castrol, Petronas and Petrobras, the Animal Planet television channel, the Android computer brand, and the Movistar and Etisalat telecommunications brands.

Other uses

• Esperanto is represented with the green color. The reason for this is that this symbolizes hope.
• The ecological movement, vegetarians and vegans use green as a symbol, due to the presence of chlorophyll on plants.
• Due to its suitability for camouflage between vegetation, green is used for uniforms of many military services, particularly those operating in forests, forests and grasslands.
• In Western culture, green is used as a positive symbol. A green light indicates that one has permission to pass. Similarly, a green flag on the beach indicates that the water is in good condition for the bathroom. In the western bags, the green denotes a rise in the stock price. However, in East Asia the green indicates a fall in the share price.
• Green is often associated with envy in English and Spanish.being green with envy, to be green with envy),
• Green is also associated with fruit that is not ripe, and, by extension, youth or lack of experience.
• In Spanish he also has sexual connotations. A Green joke It's an obscene joke.
• Green is the color of the Law in terms of science.
• Green can also refer to the US dollar for the color of its bills, and therefore also to wealth.
• In the jargon castellera, the green color is traditionally associated with the turquoise green color of the Castellers de Vilafranca shirt. Thus, the Castellers de Vilafranca group is also known by the name "The Greens".

• The green is also the characteristic color of the Celtic culture, the most used tones are: the English Green, the Irish Green, and the range of tones between the two.

Irish green is the color of Ireland, while English green is used in England, Scotland (in Scotland it is often combined with a specific shade of blue), and surrounding areas. Its meanings are several: clover, the frequent color of the eyes, the hills and mountains, the forests, energy, etc. in short, the Celtic unity with nature.

Green color blindness

People who have difficulty distinguishing the color green are called deuteranomalous. The deuteranomaly can consist of a partial ability to perceive the color green or a total inability, depending on the condition of the M cones of the deuteranomalous individual. The M cones are the cells in the retina that perceive medium light wavelengths; if they are defective, they produce partial blindness to green, and if they are completely missing, they produce total blindness to this color, or deuteranopia.

This is the type of color blindness that affected John Dalton, who first noted its existence and investigated it, in 1794.

Types of green

Standard Green

The color green is generally standardized in the print model as intermediate between yellow and cyan (CMYK code 100, 0, 100, 0) and for web pages with HTML code #008000 (additive darker than pure green).

Teal greens

Pigments and intermediate colors between green and blue-green:

Painterly Teals

Emerald stone.

Other teals

Yellow greens

Green tea.

Grey Greens

Others

Greens with variation in luminosity:

Green forest of the weeping willow.

Greens without color swatch

• Sinople
• Green Paris or green Schweinfurt
• Green Scheele
• Green lemon

Web Greens

Spectral web colors established by computer protocols for use on web pages include the pure green shown below. As you can see, it coincides with the additive primary green, and is called in programming with the name green (green) or lime (lime).

Gallery

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  Plant cell chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which gives green to plants

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  Bioluminescent funnel Panellus stipticus

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  Certain green signals indicate that you can move forward, or that some device works properly

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  Green flowers are relatively rare in nature

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  The Green Durga goddess during an environmentalist event in India

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  Color «green sea» of the river waters in Holbox, Mexico

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  Skating wardrobe in light green

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  Some animals are especially associated with green color, how this parrot

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  Mimetism of the Religious mantis

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  Aboriginal Rana

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  Green basilisco

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  Beetle

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  Saltamontes

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  Dark green called British racing greenfor use in British race cars

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  Green eyes

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  Russian green color of the Russian Imperial Army uniform (nineteenth century)