Globular ray
The Rayo Globular , also known as spherical lightning , Centella , ray in ball , spherical ray or luminous sphere , refers to an atmospheric electrical phenomenon not explained and potentially dangerous. The term refers to reports of light spherical objects that vary from the size of a pea to several meters in diameter. Although it is generally associated with thunderstorms, the hard phenomenon considerably more than the fraction of a second lightning. Two reports of the century XIX They say that the sphere finally explodes, leaving a smell of sulfur.
The real existence of globular ray phenomena is proven, but appear in a variety of records over the centuries. Until the 1960s, most scientists skeptically treated the reports of globular rays, despite sightings worldwide. Laboratory experiments can produce effects that are visually similar to globular ray reports, but the way they relate to the natural phenomenon is still clear.
scientists have proposed many hypotheses about globular rays over the centuries. Scientific data on natural globular rays remain scarce, due to their low frequency and unpredictability. The presumption of its existence depends on notified public sightings, which have produced somewhat inconsistent findings. Due to inconsistencies and the lack of confidence data, the true nature of globular rays remains unknown.
DESCRIPTION
Globular lightning downloads are extremely rare and witnesses can vary widely. Many of the properties observed in globular ray reports are incompatible with each other, and it is very possible that several different phenomena are being grouped incorrectly under the same name.
Downloads tend to float or slide in the air and adopt a spheroidal appearance. The form can be spherical, ovoidal, with a tear or cane shaped, without any dimension much greater than the others. The major dimension is usually between 10 and 40 cm. Many have a color between red and yellow. On some occasions the discharge seems to be attracted to an object, while in others it moves randomly. After several seconds the discharge is dispersed and absorbed by something or, on the occasion, fades with an explosion.
globular rays usually appear during thunderstorms, and have been observed in diverse places.
Reports
On October 21, 1638, in Widecombe-in-the-Moor (a village in Devon, in the extreme southwest of England) the so-called "Great Electrical Storm" (The Great Thunderstorm). It was the first documented case of ball lightning.[citation needed] The Russian explorer Vladimir Arseniev testifies to a similar phenomenon in Siberia, in 1908, in his work In the mountains of Sikhote-Alin . There he describes weather conditions of & # 34; total calm & # 34;: & # 34; It was a luminous globe the size of two fists and a matte white color. It was going slowly through the air, adapting to the topography of the place. It went down where there were potholes and up where the ground rose and the bushes were tallest. At the same time, he avoided contact with branches and grass and diligently avoided branches, stems, and shoots. When the balloon reached the point where I was, not more than ten paces from me, I was able to examine it well. Its outer shell split open twice, and I could see that inside was a brilliant bluish-white light. The leaves, grass and branches, near which the balloon passed, were palely illuminated by its dull light and seemed to be in motion. From the swift globe hung from behind a small tail of fire, fine as a thread, which from time to time gave off small sparkles. I understood that I had ball lightning in front of me, with a clear sky and total calm. Each of the herbs had to carry the same electrical charge as the balloon. For this reason there was never any contact between them".
At various times, airmen from around the world reported sightings, especially during World War II. Due to the ignorance of the phenomenon during that period, the pilots called them foo fighters.
In the city of Rosario (Argentina) on February 25, 2012, a series of lightning bolts appeared in the patios of residential homes in the Alberdi neighborhood, north of the city. A witness suffered the explosion of one of them while he was in the kitchen of his home, an event that led to his mother falling to the ground and several complaints to local newspapers from the neighbors.[quote required]
Another report tells of a ball lightning slithering down the aisle of a passenger plane.
Analysis
For a long time the phenomenon was considered a myth. Although the exact nature of it is still the subject of speculation, it is accepted that it is not an invention or a purely psychological phenomenon. Over 3,000 eyewitness reports have been obtained and it has been photographed several times. There is still no widely accepted explanation.
Some characteristics that are difficult to explain are the longevity of its existence and the almost neutral buoyancy in air. It is possible that the energy that powers the glow is generated by a slowly released chemical combination. Many attempts have been made to create ball lightning in laboratories, and some have resulted in superficially similar phenomena, but there is no convincing demonstration that the natural phenomenon has been reproduced.
A popular hypothesis postulates that ball lightning is a highly ionized plasma contained by self-generated magnetic fields. After a detailed examination, this hypothesis does not seem tenable. If the gas is reasonably ionized, and if it is also close to thermodynamic equilibrium, then it must be very hot. Since its pressure must be in equilibrium with that of the air around it, it should be much lighter than air and therefore rise rapidly. A magnetic field can help solve the problem of the cohesion of the plasma globe, but it would make it even lighter. Furthermore, a hot plasma, even combined with a magnetic field, would not survive as long as ball lightning lasts, due to both recombination and thermal conduction.
There may, however, be special forms of plasma for which the above arguments do not fully apply. In particular, a plasma can be made up of positive and negative ions, instead of positive ions and electrons. In that case, recombination can be quite slow, even at room temperature. One of these theories involves positively charged hydrogen and a negatively charged mixture of nitrites and nitrates. It has also been proposed, through the analysis of the luminous spectrum, that these globular rays would be produced from the materials evaporated at high temperatures when a ray reaches the ground, with which the light emitted by the globular ray would correspond to the spectrum of the soil material.
The model of ball lightning was developed which is based on the non-linear oscillations with spherical symmetry of charged particles in the plasma. These oscillations were described using both classical and quantum approaches. The strongest plasma oscillations were found to occur in the central regions of a ball lightning. It is suggested that bound states of radially oscillating charged particles with oppositely oriented spins - the analogue of Cooper pairs - may appear within ball lightning. This phenomenon, in turn, may produce a phase superconductor in ball lightning. The idea of superconductivity in ball lightning was considered earlier. The possibility of the existence of ball lightning with a composite nucleus was also discussed in this model.