Globe TV

TV Globo (stylized as tvglobo) is a Brazilian open television network, which began broadcasting on April 26, 1965 in Rio de Janeiro and on March 1966 in São Paulo. It was founded and directed by businessman Roberto Marinho until his death on August 6, 2003. The company is part of the Globo Group, the second largest media conglomerate in the world. It is also the second largest television network in the world, behind only ABC, being seen in Brazil alone by up to more than 185 million people a day.

TV Globo is the twenty-fifth largest multimedia group in revenue in the world, with €4,426 billion, 7 positions above its rival Televisa, which earned €3,620 billion in 2011. The channel reaches 98.56% of the Brazilian territory, covering 5,490 municipalities and close to 99.55% of the total Brazilian population.

The administrative headquarters of TV Globo is located in the Jardim Botânico neighborhood, in the South Zone of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The journalism department is also located in the Botanical Garden, while the main production studios are located in the Globo studios, in Jacarepaguá, in the West Zone of the city, which comprises the second largest television complex in Latin America. In In 2018, the sports department, which was previously located in the Botanical Garden with journalism, was relocated to the Barra da Tijuca neighborhood, also in the West Zone. It also has production studios in Vila Cordeiro, in the city of São Paulo, where the journalism department is also located and where it generates part of its programming. There are, in total, 5 own stations and 123 affiliates, in addition to broadcast abroad by TV Globo Internacional. Globo's signal is also available on the Internet through the Globo Play video-on-demand service.

History

Beginnings

On January 5, 1951, during the government of Eurico Gaspar Dutra, Radio Globo obtained its first television concession. The request was analyzed by the Radio Technical Commission, which issued a favorable opinion on the concession, approved by the government two months later, on March 13. At that point, however, the country had a new president, Getúlio Vargas. Two years later, in January 1953, contrary to the opinion of the Technical Commission, Vargas backed down and revoked the concession. The National Telecommunications Council published a decree granting channel 4 of Rio de Janeiro to TV Globo, in the month of In July 1957, the president of Brazil, Juscelino Kubitschek, gave his approval so that the Organizações Globo publishing group, owned by journalist Roberto Marinho and which also owned the newspaper O Globo and Rádio Globo, could enter the private television business. On December 30 of that same year, the National Telecommunications Council granted a concession to the company TV Globo Ltda. for VHF channel four in Rio de Janeiro.

In 1962, an agreement signed between Time-Life and the Globo Group provided Roberto Marinho with access to capital of three hundred million cruzeiros (six million dollars, according to the documentary Beyond Citizen Kane), which guaranteed resources to buy the equipment and infrastructure for Globo. TV Tupi, at the time the largest television network in the country, had been set up with a capital of three hundred thousand dollars. The agreement was questioned in 1965 by federal deputies in the ICC of TV Globo, as it would be illegal according to article 160 of the Constitution of the time, which prohibited the participation of foreign capital in the management or ownership of communication companies. According to Marinho, the agreement provided only for technical advice from Time-Life. The ICC ended up appearing unfavorable to the station, but in October 1967 the general consultant of the Republic Adroaldo Mezquita da Costa issued an opinion considering that there was no company. between the two companies. With that, TV Globo's situation was officially legalized. However, Marinho decided to close the contract with Time-Life, compensating the group through loans taken out in national banks and ending the agreement in July 1971.

Foundation and development (1965-1975)

TV Globo was officially founded on April 26, 1965 at 10:45, at that time it only had the channel in Rio de Janeiro, so the launch could only be seen in the state of Guanabara. After a brief introduction by presenter Rubens Amaral, the channel begins with the song "Moon River" by Henry Mancini at the beginning of the children's program Uni Duni Tê. Also in the programming of the first days were the children's series Capitán Huracán and the news program Tele Globo, currently Jornal Nacional. In May of that same year, the live broadcast of the Holy Mass was seen for the first time, which later became its longest and oldest program

The first eight months of TV Globo's ratings were quite low than expected; was the fifth choice of viewers in Rio de Janeiro behind Rede Record, TV Rio, Rede Excelsior and Rede Tupi, this led to the hiring of Walter Clark, at the age of 29, for the position of general director so that restructure the entire programming. Clark was one of the great people responsible for the channel's success.

In January 1966, Rio de Janeiro suffered one of its worst floods; More than a hundred people died and about twenty thousand were left homeless. TV Globo's live coverage of the tragedy was a milestone in the history of the station, which carried out its first community campaign, centralizing the collection of donations in two of its studios. At that time, the transmission of images was still in black and white. In that year, Globo arrived in the state of São Paulo with the acquisition of channel 5 which, since 1952, functioned as TV Paulista, owned by the Organizations Victor Costa.

In 1967, Globo began building its national network with the affiliation of TV Gaúcha, based in Porto Alegre (now RBS TV). TV Gaúcha would become the Globo affiliate in Florianópolis in the late 1970s, when it received its current name. It is one of the oldest subsidiaries of Globo, active since 1962, three years before the launch of Globo, which was followed by TV Triângulo de Uberlândia (today Rede Integração) and TV Anhanguera de Goiânia (today Rede Anhanguera) in 1967. and 1968. The now defunct TV Guajará, based in Belém, was launched in 1969, and was followed by TV Verdes Mares the following year 1968. On February 5, 1968, the third station was inaugurated, in Belo Horizonte, and the Juiz de Fora and Conselheiro Lafaiete retransmitters, in addition to a microwave link that connected Rio de Janeiro to São Paulo.

At that time, the federal government, led by Marshal Costa e Silva, prioritized the development of a modern telecommunications system, creating the Ministry of Communications and granting the population a line of credit for the purchase of televisions. Another boost was a decree prepared by Minister Delfín Neto that exempted radio and television companies from import taxes on equipment, this allowed the company to renew and at the same time use the official dollar rate to reduce its import expenses In addition, with the advent of Videotape, the production of local programs has become scarce, with most of the programming being produced in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, which prompted the large stations in those cities to form national networks.. In this scenario, TV Globo began as a network of affiliated stations on September 1, 1969, when Jornal Nacional, the first national news program, currently broadcast and the audience leader, went on the air. in the schedule. The first program was presented by Hilton Gomes and Cid Moreira. In that same year, Globo made its first satellite transmission, showing Gomes' interview with Pope Paul VI from Rome. The following year, during the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico, the station received experimental color signals from Embratel. Two years later, during the Caxias do Sul Grape Festival exhibition, the first official color broadcast on Brazilian television occurred. With three stations in 1969 (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Belo Horizonte), in 1973 there were already eleven.

On April 28, 1974, the Jornal Nacional began to be broadcast in color, three days after having begun its international coverage of the Carnation Revolution. In the same year, the first New Year's Eve special by singer Roberto Carlos is broadcast, today a tradition on the channel. In 1975, TV Globo began to broadcast a good part of its programming simultaneously throughout the country, consolidating itself as a television network. From that moment on, it began to build what would become known as the 'Globo Quality Standard'. 3. 4;. The schedule began to be composed of two soap operas with a light theme between two short and synthetic news programs (Plaza TV and Jornal Nacional), a soap opera of regular production and with a stronger plot, which would from then on be called " novel of eight" and from 10 p.m. a line of series, miniseries, movies and/or Globo Reporter. This formula improved Globo's results, and the structure of the programming grid has been fixed as it continues to be used by Globo to this day.

In that period, Rede Globo faced difficulties in its expansion. The military regime denied Roberto Marinho's group requests for channel concessions in the cities of João Pessoa (PB) and Curitiba (PR). The station aims This is evidence that he carried out independent journalism that sometimes conflicted with the interests of the government and that he did not obtain favors from the regime. However, a passage from the book Dossiê Geisel, a compilation of papers from the personal archive of former president Ernesto Geisel brings another version for the military government's refusal to grant two more channels to the Globo Group. The regime would have begun to worry about the monopolization of the telecommunications sector by Roberto Marinho's group and tried to prevent the company from growing even more.. The Globo Network's own stations had been purchased from individuals: in São Paulo and Recife from the Víctor Costa Organizations and in Belo Horizonte from João Batista do Amaral. Until today the other stations that make up the network are affiliates, or That is, they are associated, but are not owned by Grupo Globo.

Expansion (1976-1980)

The network's programming process in 1976 developed the Globo Quality Standard, led by Walter Clark and José Bonifacio de Olivera Sobrinho in 1960, when Rede Excelsior was launched (the process was inherited by Rede Globo after the Excelsior closing in 1970). The network's audience share increased at the end of the 1970s, reaching first place in the Brazilian television audience lists. This was the reason why Silvio Santos, one of the network's original variety show hosts since 1965, retired from Globo and moved his 11-year-old show (Programa Silvio Santos) to Rede Tupi, while creating his own network, TVS (now SBT), in the process the following year, and even brought his own show there.

The network increased its own and affiliated stations during the 1970s, while improving its audiences by taking advantage of the Rede Tupi crisis and the closure of Rede Excelsior. In 1973 it also premiered some of the most successful programs in its history, such as the news program Globo Repórter and the variety show Fantático, which became the audience leader on Sundays..

In 1975 it would also be the first time that its "current" logo: created by Hans Donner, at that time it was a blue sphere with a TV-shaped box with another blue ball inside. Donner also created the network's first presentation package with the new corporate logo for the first time with the help of New York-based Dolphin Productions, making Globo the first national network to use the Scanimate computer animation system and the second television station in Brazil to adopt it after TVS in Rio de Janeiro, the first television channel to use the system in 1976. That year also marked the premiere of Sitio do Picapau Amarelo (Yellow Woodpecker Ranch), a of the chain's famous children's series. Its first version was in operation until 1986, its second version was broadcast from 2001 to 2007 (both action) and as of April 2007, it also has an animated version, but the 2000 version of the Globo logo they used turned out to be the last one..

In 1976, the station exported its first soap operas. In 1977, all of the station's programming became color, previously restricted to soap operas and newscasts. In that same year, Walter Clark was replaced by Boni as general director. In 1979, Globo began to develop digital special effects technology. With the disappearance of Rede Tupi in 1980 and the weak development of its competitors, Globo captured the majority of the advertising market and established itself as the audience leader.

In 1981 the comedy program Viva O Gordo premiered with Jô Soares at the helm, one of the network's many main comedies of the decade. In addition to coverage of the 1982 FIFA World Cup, the network premiered the children's program Balão Mágico (Magic Balloon), which premiered between 1982 and 1986. It was anchored by the children's musical group Turma do Balão Mágico, whose music caught the attention of viewers. In 1982, Jornal da Globo was relaunched in August, after two successive editions. The presenters were Renato Machado, Belisa Ribeiro and Luciana Villas Boas, with Carlos Monforte as the program's commentator.

In 1982, the station implemented satellite transmission. In the 1980s, Rede Globo consolidated its audience leadership with soap operas and miniseries such as Vereda Tropical, O Tempo e o Vento, O Pagador de Promessas and O Salvador da Pátria. In 1990, however, he faced, for the first and only time, since the end of the Tupi Network, competition in teledramaturgy with the success of the Manchete Network's soap opera Pantanal.

In 1983 Vídeo Show premiered, successfully broadcast until 2019. The network's daily electronic program (previously a weekly program from 1983-94), gives an inside look at the network's programs. network and includes bloopers, interviews and even a look at Globo's historic moments. Another success was the drama Guerra Dos Sexos in the evening spaces. That year the local newscasts of Praça TV were also released (the names of the program were different depending on the state or locality to which it was broadcast; RJ TV, SP TV, MG TV, ES TV, DF TV, BA TV, Paraná TV), which were broadcast twice a day and the national version of the morning news program of the São Paulo television network, Bom Dia Brasil, with Carlos Monforte as its first presenter, which by then was based in Globo's studios in Brasilia until 1996. By then it had two editions, which were only broadcast in their entirety on Globo's Recife, Brasilia and Belo Horizonte stations because São Paulo (1977-) and Rio de Janeiro (1983-84 and 1989-) had their own local editions (Bom Dia Praça) of the newscast.

1986 was the key year in which Xuxa Meneghel's own show, Xou da Xuxa, debuted on Rede Globo. Xuxa, who left the similarly formatted program Clube da Criança on Rede Manchete, joined the network and, as a result, her program replaced Balão Mágico. This program would have its Latin American version made by Telefe (later Channel 13) in Argentina, called El show de Xuxa, and for Spain as Xuxa Park by Telecinco. The logo It was renovated several times in the following years. In 1987 programming was further improved in all areas. In 1988, Vale Tudo, one of the best dramas on Brazilian television, premiered on the channel.

On March 26, 1989, the network's own Sunday variety show, Domingão do Faustão, was launched as the network began taking over Sunday evening television shows. later, then directed by the Silvio Santos Program. It still airs on Sunday afternoons and evenings before Fantastic.

1990-2000

In the 1990s, Globo created the first interactive television experiences in Fantático and Você Decide, and obtained new audience records with the soap operas Sand Women, The Journey and The Next Victim.

Globo turned 30 on April 26, 1995. The highlight of the year was the opening of the new Estúdios Globo studios and the launch of a new youth-oriented program: Malhação. The Plim Plim interval identifiers (type of channel identifier) were updated by several cartoonists for the anniversary. Globo suffered a year of audience losses, but in 1996 the audience share began to increase until it became the number one network in the country, with the help of new programs (among them the telenovela El rey del cattle and the sitcom Sai de Baixo) and its coverage of the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games, along with changes in the newsrooms. Globo was the first Brazilian network to have its own news channel, Globo News, which began that same year. Based in both São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, the latter the main headquarters, it aired repeats of Globo's news programs, and had its own news and commentary programs. The network's ratings were threatened by top-rated programming from SBT and Record, but in 1998 the network regained its top spot with its live coverage of the 1998 Soccer World Cup, although violent images became a problem when its nine o'clock soap opera Tower of Babel was taken off the air. Since then, Globo has expanded to become the largest television network in Brazil, with more than 2,000 million dollars in revenue in 1992.

On August 6, 2003, Globo's owner and president, Roberto Marinho, died at the age of 98 in a hospital in Rio de Janeiro. His three sons assumed leadership of the network after his death and Globo provided national coverage of the mourning that continued until his burial.

2004 was the beginning of the long decline in Brazilian audience support for soap operas, but the year was one of the strongest for the channel's television drama, as the soap operas The Color of Sin i> and Lady of destiny obtained high ratings one after the other, but in 2005 it would begin to lead the audience ratings in parallel with its competitor Rede Record, for up to the next 6 years. In 2005, the rating of one Globo soap opera reached 38%, but in 2010, another soap opera got only 25.4%. Record's soap operas grew in popularity, as ratings more than doubled from 6.5% in 2005 to 14% in 2010.

In 2007, Globo began its digital television broadcasts, and several successful programs were broadcast, including the hit drama Paraíso tropical. The network also became the official home of broadcasts for the 2007 Pan American Games held in Rio de Janeiro. Globo revised its logo in 2008 (changing the box space that refers to the screen aspect ratio from 4:3 to 16:9) and began using it on its stations throughout the country.

Since the early 2000s, despite hits such as Passionate Women, Lady of Destiny, Alma Mate and The color of sin, Globo registers constant drops in its audience. The increase in income caused changes in the consumption habits of Brazilians when it comes to television. People are leaving home more and migrating, albeit slightly, to subscription television. In addition, the Internet has attracted part of the audience previously captive of open television networks. Rede Globo's average audience fell from 56% in 2004 to 42% in 2013 in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, the main market for advertisers. However, the channels' participation in advertising grew in 2012 and reached 65% of the total of a total of 19.5 billion reais. It is estimated that Rede Globo and its subsidiaries kept 80% of the value, due, in part, to the success of the soap operas Encantadoras and Avenida Brasil. In addition, The federal government's advertising amount invested in the channel rose from 370 million reais in 2000 to 495 million in 2012.

Current News (2010)

In 2010 it celebrated its 45th anniversary, that year viewers in the Rio de Janeiro area between January and November watched Globo's coverage of the Rio de Janeiro floods and the attacks by drug gangs in April, in addition to the historic arrest in November of two suspects in the 2002 Tim Lopes case. Despite the growing wave of support for the Record programs, part of the big triumphs of this anniversary year was the version of Ti Ti Ti, which was one of the best dramas of the year (also the first HD show to be produced and manufactured in this format in the 7pm time slot). In 2011, Globo's first HDTV newscast, Bem Estar, debuted in February.

A change to the management of Rede Globo was made on September 15, 2020. That day, due to the restructuring of Grupo Globo (titled Uma Só Globo, or Una Sola Globo ) Rede Globo merged with the cable service Globosat to form Canais Globo. Even so, the term Rede Globo continues to be used to refer to the iconic TV network where it all began.

Identifications

In its beginnings, Globo's first emblem was an imperial flower with four points [1], which in 1966 was transformed into a globe [2].

It was on November 10, 1975 when it adopted its current emblem, which represents the planet Earth with a television screen with the planet Earth itself, and which was adopted when television began to transmit entirely in color in 1975. The The first colors of the emblem were two colors, mainly light blue and white [3]. In 1980 the emblem became completely gray, but it was in 1986 when it adopted its current colors [4]: the globe is gray on a multicolored background, within a gray sphere. At first the gray colors were blurs; but in 1992 the gray tones became reflected metallic[5]. The logo has remained the same since then, always with some variations made over the years. In 2008 the emblem undergoes a major renovation, since the metal parts now appear darker and the color band narrower to represent wide screen televisions. [6] (broken link available on Internet Archive; see the history, the first version and the latest).

In 2014, during the 'Vem aí' event, held on April 3, the current logo was released, reminiscent of the one implemented in 1975, but with a modernized version, which premiered in Fantastic, 3 days later. The logo was officially launched on April 6, 2014; featured on their station callsigns (including the Plim-Plim) and network graphics in the same year. The new logo approaches the trend of two-dimensional design, often being used by the broadcaster since 2013. Its continuous on-screen movements lead the public broadcaster with a new message: 'Globo moves to follow the life, the world, and the viewer. This logo was modified in 2015, removing some (but not all) 3D effects, and moving a little closer to a flat logo.

The designer of the Rede Globo logo is the German of Brazilian nationality Hans Donner. The 1986 color band underwent some changes. Initially, it was made up of gradients; then in 1991 it began to be formed by triangles/polygons; and in 2008 the current design arrived with the Scan Lines (analog TV lines). What never changed was that the band's colors were always those of the Rainbow.

In 2021, Globo adopts a new visual identity, based on a mixture of bright colors in gradients, to achieve the unification of some of the group's companies, desired since the early 2000s, and which began to adhere on the station's digital platforms. While on December 1 of the same year, the network officially launched new versions of the logo, conceptualized in a mix of white and fluorescent colors around the world.

Logos

• 

  1965-1966

• 

  1966-1975

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  1969-1976

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  1975-1980

• 

  Since 2021

Studies

The Estúdios Globo, known as the Globo Production Center (Central Globo de Produção), is the production center of Rede Globo, located in Rio de Janeiro. Inaugurated on October 2, 1995, it is considered the third largest television hub in Latin America, with a total area of 400 thousand square meters.

TV Globo produces six soap operas a year. And in addition, it airs sitcoms and series. The Brazilian network markets the soap operas The Favorite, India, a Love Story, The Prophet, Pure Beauty, Watercolor of Love, Paradise City with Latin America and the world.

Programming

TV Globo specialized in the production of soap operas, which are sold throughout the world. Among them is one of the most successful soap operas of all time: Avenida Brasil. Critics say that this happens because of the poor performance of Brazilian cinema. These novels are currently exported to more than 90 countries. In addition to soap operas, TV Globo has been experimenting in film production in recent years, in addition to producing variety programs, series, news, journalism and sports.

The channel's programming scheme does not usually vary, based on the criteria of the "Globo Quality Standard" and because the channel continues to be the audience leader, which allows it to maintain the same schedule on the grid.

Its scheme consists of news from 5-6 a.m. m., morning programs until noon, News, Globo Esporte (the midday sports program), movies and television series in the afternoon and prime time, with various entertainment and journalistic programs (such as Globo Repórter on Fridays or Fantático on Sunday nights), the late night show Conversa con Bial, and series and films late at night. In prime time, Brasileirao matches are sometimes also broadcast, depending on the broadcast area (usually on Wednesdays). The only day where the news is not broadcast is Sunday, when several movies and variety shows usually air.

Transmitted programs

Soap operas

TV Globo is a world leader in the production of soap operas. It is internationally recognized for the quality of its productions, with a different approach from other Latin American production companies. In many Rede Globo productions, an attempt has been made to bring current, cultural and even political issues to the viewer, which characterizes many of the network's productions that are not limited to the simple narration of the story.

Currently the chain is in the Guinness Records for having more than 260 recorded novels. The soap opera 'Malhação', one of the longest on the channel, has been on the air from Monday to Friday since April 28, 1995.

Internet

Globo.com is the company's internet portal and has a large library of historical videos, in addition to providing some current content, TV news and special shows, such as Big Brother Brazil. It also provided the matches of the 2006 FIFA World Cup - Germany in 480i and 480p. The portal also offers access to the products of large media conglomerate such as magazines, newspapers and live radio. The domain has attracted at least 1.8 million annual visitors by 2008, according to research by Compete.com and is currently ranked as the 104th most visited website in the world, according to Alexa. Globo pay channels will be shown on SKY

Among the sections of the website, there are "G1" (for the news) and "Ge.globo" (for sports).

Audience

In Brazil, TV Globo currently reaches 99.5% of potential viewers, practically the entire Brazilian population, with 122 stations that deliver programming to more than 183 million Brazilians. The network has been responsible for the 20 most watched television programs on Brazilian television, including Avenida Brasil, a record-breaking telenovela in 2012 that reached 50 million viewers and was sold in 130 countries.

Currently, Rede Globo continues to be the audience leader in Brazil. Despite dividing between the Brazilian Televisão System and Rede Record (which is usually second after Globo). They broadcast 24 hours a day, with live programming, Brazilian series and foreign films at dawn.