Germanism

The Germanisms are the foreign words that come from German, and also any word, phrase or mode of expression from the ancient Germanic languages (such as Frankish in the Late Middle Ages and Gothic in the High Middle Ages).

Germanisms in Spanish language

The Germanic languages began to influence the Vulgar Latin spoken throughout the Roman Empire due to the continued contact, both in times of war and peace, between the Germanic and Roman peoples. For this reason, most of the Germanisms of Spanish introduced at that time are shared with other Romance languages. Several Germanisms come from the period of Visigothic rule in the Iberian Peninsula.

Another period in which they were introduced were the 19th and 20th centuries, a time when the German language had a great influence on the European scientific and cultural world. On the other hand, German words that refer to German realities that do not have a generalized translation are often used in Spanish, for example Reichstag or Bundestag.

Examples

From ancient origin

• moustache (from German bei Gott 'for God'
• white (from the Germanic *blank; confer High German blank)
• bregar (gothic *brvikan 'romper'
• toast (from the German bring dir's 'I offer it to you'
• bunker (from the German Bunker)
• (from Gothic *skankjan 'serve drink'; confer German schenken)
• spy (gothic ♪).
• (Old) It's after.and this one of the gothic ♪; confer Nordic spori and high German sporo)
• skirt (perhaps of the franc ♪ skirt 'pliegue'; confer High German skirt, 'plegar')
• fresh, fresh *frěsk 'new', 'agile'
• win (maybe Gothic ♪ 'codiciar', influenced by the Germanic *waidanjan 'cosechar'; confer Nordic win. 'Watch with greed', Norwegian win. 'Look forward'
• glove (maybe Catalan guantand this one from the franc *want; confer Under German wante, Dutch want)
• guarir (from the Germanic *warjan 'protect'
• war (of the Germanic ♪werra 'fight, discord'; confer High German wërra, middle Dutch warre)
• rich, rich (gothic reiks).
• Rueca (from the Germanic *růkko).
• yelmo (from the German *hělm; confer Old German and Old English hëlm).

Modern origin

• blocao (from German Blockhaus, conveyable wood fort).
• chucrut (from the German Sauerkrautliterally ‘col agria’.
• cobalt (of the German Kobalt).
• quartz (from German Quarz).
• delicatessen (from the German Delikatessen, literally ‘smooth food’.
• feldespato (from German Feldspat).
• hamster (German Hamster).
• kisteer (from the German KaiserEast of the ancient German High keisarand this one of the gothic *kaisar)
• kindergarten (from German Kindergarten).
• LSD Lysergsäurediethylamid: ‘lisergic acid dietelamide’).
• Nickel (from German Nickel).
• zepelin (so called by the creator of rigid airships: Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin).

Semantic Calcs of German Words

• handball Handball)
• vital space (of Lebensraum)
• mocking spirit (of Poltergeist)
• spirit of the people or national (of Volksgeist)
• Lightning war (of Blitzkrieg)
• kindergarten (of Kindergarten)
• superman (Übermensch)
• drilling Stimmung)
• vision of the world or worldview Weltanschauung)
• living (of Erlebnis)
• will of power (Wille zur Macht)

German words used in Spanish

• blitzkrieg (light war)
• bratwurst (small sausages and sausages)
• Bundesliga (German sports light)
• edelweiss (Alpine plant)
• führer (leader)
• Gestapo (Nazi police force)
• kuchen (panels)
• leitmotiv
• Luftwaffe (German air force)
• putsch (couple of State)
• Reichstag (German parking lot)
• schnaps (alcoholic drink)
• zugzwang ("obligation to move" in chess, but any move loses)
• zeitgeist ("spirit of time" or of the time)
• schadenfreude ("regod")
• kitsch ("cursi, vulgar, adocenado, hortera")